Duration of Flumioxazin-Based Weed Control in Container-Grown Nursery Crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Stephen C. Marble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Variable Activity ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Time Required

Flumioxazin is used in nursery production and landscape maintenance industries. In these situations, weed control provided by flumioxazin often lasts longer than that reported in soil. Our objective was to quantify flumioxazin longevity under conditions found in nursery production. Pots were filled with 6 : 1 (v/v) pine bark : sand mixture. This nonsoil media is typical of what is used for nursery crop production. Pots were treated with flumioxazin at either 0.28 or 0.42 kg ai ha−1, and subsequently sown with either hairy bittercress (two winter experiments) or spotted spurge (two summer experiments) at weekly intervals. Weed seed germination, emergence, and seedling establishment in the treated pots was compared with nontreated control and used as a proxy for herbicide activity. Flumioxazin provided approximately 7 wk of complete (100%) hairy bittercress control regardless of rate. However, a rate effect was evident in only one of the two experiments conducted with hairy bittercress. In both experiments with hairy bittercress, marginal and highly variable activity was still evident at 18 wk after treatment. Flumioxazin at 0.28 and 0.42 kg ha−1provided 2- and 4-wk complete spotted spurge control, respectively. No spotted spurge control was evident after about 8 wk. Subjecting this less-variable data to nonlinear regression revealed that the time required for 50% reduction in flumioxazin activity was approximately 5.5 and 6.6 wk for the two rates, respectively. A column leaching study revealed that flumioxazin activity remained localized near the surface (0 to 4 cm). Therefore the dissipation observed was likely the result of in situ degradation and not displacement. The high organic matter content of the nonsoil media contributes to the observed persistence of flumioxazin activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KOMPOS BAGASE UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)

HORTUSCOLER ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Risa Selfiani ◽  
Darmansyah Darmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a plant species that is known as the fruit and vegetables grown for use as a food ingredient. These plants belong to one group of plants that produce seeds Eggplant Trunk divided into two kinds, namely the main stem and branching. Eggplant leaf consists of a petiole and the leaf blade. Eggplant flowers are hermaphrodite flowers, or better known as the bisexual flowers, the flowers are one of the stamen to the pistil. Eggplant fruit is the fruit of a true single.. Cultivation of eggplant in the Project of Independent Business is using composting technology bagase. Bagase compost is compost that comes from bagasse or the rest of the sugar mill. Bagase own compost organic matter content of about 90%, N content of 0,3%, 0,02% P2O5, K20 0,14%, Ca 0,06% and 0,04% Mg. The project goal independent business is the use of compost bagase on the cultivation of eggplant to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and optimize plant production eggplant, farming systems semi-organic environmentally sustainable and analyze the feasibility of cultivation of eggplant with market potential in Payakumbuh and the District Fifty City. Independent business projects implemented during the four months from September to December 2015 and conducted experiments dikebun State Agricultural Polytechnic Payakumbuh with total area of ​​300 m2. Eggplant crop production on the independent business projects with the use of compost bagase treatment that is 575 Kg/300 m2, a profit of Rp. 835.310, the profitability of 92% and RC Ratio of 1,92.

scholarly journals The Diversification and Intensification of Crop Rotations under No-Till Promote Earthworm Abundance and Biomass

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
María Pía Rodríguez ◽  
Anahí Domínguez ◽  
Melisa Moreira Ferroni ◽  
Luis Gabriel Wall ◽  
José Camilo Bedano
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Subtle Change ◽  
No Till ◽  
Novel Approach

The diversification and intensification of crop rotations (DICR) in no-till systems is a novel approach that aims to increase crop production, together with decreasing environmental impact. Our objective was to analyze the effect of different levels of DICR on the abundance, biomass, and species composition of earthworm communities in Argentinean Pampas. We studied three levels of DICR—typical rotation (TY), high intensification with grass (HG), and with legume (HL); along with three references—natural grassland (NG), pasture (PA), and an agricultural external reference (ER). The NG had the highest earthworm abundance. Among the DICR treatments, abundance and biomass were higher in HL than in HG and, in both, these were higher than in TY. The NG and PA had a distinctive taxonomic composition and higher species richness. Instead, the DICR treatments had a similar richness and species composition. Earthworm abundance and biomass were positively related to rotation intensity and legume proportion indices, carbon input, and particulate organic matter content. The application of DICR for four years, mainly with legumes, favors the development of earthworm populations. This means that a subtle change in management, as DICR, can have a positive impact on earthworms, and thus on earthworm-mediated ecosystem services, which are important for crop production.

Clomazone for Weed Control in Transplanted Cole Crops (Brassica oleracea)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Scott ◽  
Leslie A. Weston ◽  
R. Terry Jones
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Cole Crops ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Experiments were conducted at Lexington and Quicksand, KY, in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effect of preplant incorporated clomazone on weed control, crop injury, and yield of broccoli, cauliflower, green cabbage, red cabbage, and pak choi. Oxyfluorfen and trifluralin were included as standard treatments. Greater than 80% weed control was observed at both locations with 0.8 kg ai ha−1clomazone, with the exception of smooth pigweed at Lexington. All clomazone treatments caused crop injury 2 WAT. Injury was still evident 8 WAT at clomazone rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ha−1, but was minor with rates of 0.8 kg ha−1or less on broccoli, cauliflower, and red cabbage. Injury was less at Quicksand in both years and seasons over all clomazone rates, most likely due to higher soil organic matter content Yields of broccoli and cauliflower treated with 0.8 kg ha−1clomazone were similar to yields with oxyfluorfen on a 3% organic matter soil at Lexington in 1989. However, clomazone at 0.8 kg ha−1at Lexington reduced 1989 spring yields of green cabbage, red cabbage, and pak choi and 1990 spring yields of all cole crops as compared to oxyfluorfen. Clomazone at 0.8 kg ha−1at Quicksand reduced yield of green cabbage and pak choi in spring 1990 only on a 5.2% organic matter soil. Fall yields of broccoli and cauliflower in both years were not reduced by clomazone at 0.8 kg ha−1or less at either location. Our studies indicated potential for utilization of clomazone on cole crops in higher organic matter soils, especially if some early season crop injury and occasional yield loss can be tolerated.

Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

Sorption of clopyralid, dicamba and MCPA by two soils with conventional and no-till management

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shang ◽  
M. A. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
The Difference

Sorption is one of the key processes controlling the fate of agrochemicals in soil systems. The sorption of agrochemicals on a soil matrix can be affected by changes in chemical and physical properties caused by different tillage practices. Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and MCPA ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), weakly acidic herbicides, are commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in crop production. The sorption of the three herbicides by surface soils (0–5 cm) from different tillage systems was studied by batch equilibrium. Of the herbicides used, MCPA was sorbed on soil in the greatest quantity, dicamba was the least sorbed, and the sorption was dependent on the pKa values of herbicides. In a sandy loam soil, more herbicide was sorbed under no-tillage (NT) than conventional tillage (CT). However, in a clay soil the difference in herbicide sorption between the two tillage systems was not consistent. The results can be explained in terms of changes in soil pH and organic matter content. The presence of clopyralid and MCPA lowered the sorption of dicamba, and MCPA was more effective than clopyralid in competing for sorption sites with dicamba. Key words: Herbicide sorption, clopyralid, dicamba, MCPA, tillage

Efficacy of Fall- and Spring-Applied Pyroxasulfone For Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in Field Pea

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Field trials were initiated in fall 2011 to determine the potential of pyroxasulfone to control acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant weeds in field pea. Pyroxasulfone was applied in split-plot trials at five locations in western Canada using fall and PRE spring applications of 0 to 400 g ai ha−1. Trial locations were chosen with a range of soil organic matter content: 2.9, 4.3, 5.5, 10.5, and 10.6% at Scott, Kernen, Kinsella, Melfort, and Ellerslie, respectively. The herbicide dose required to reduce biomass by 50% (ED50) in false cleavers ranged between 53 and 395 g ha−1at Scott and Ellerslie, respectively. Wild oat ED50s varied between 0.54 g ha−1at Scott in the fall and 410 g ai ha−1in the spring at Melfort. ED50s for wild oat and false cleavers varied by 7.4- and 746-fold, respectively, depending primarily on the organic matter content at the trial location. The effect of application timing was not consistent. Significant yield reductions and pea injury occurred at 150 and 100 g ha−1and higher at Kernen and Scott, respectively. Low organic matter and high precipitation levels at these locations indicates increased herbicide activity under these conditions. Pyroxasulfone may allow control of ALS inhibitor-resistant false cleavers and wild oat; however, locations with high soil organic matter will require higher rates than those with low organic matter for similar control levels.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Mapping of Available Micro Nutrient Status in Relation to Soil Properties of Tomato Grown Soils of Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
P. N. Siva Prasad ◽  
C. T. Subbarayappa ◽  
A. Sathish
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Nutrient Index ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

GPS based soil survey was conducted in the tomato growing areas of Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka to map the soil fertility status by using Arc GIS 10.4 software. Seventy five surface soil samples were taken from the tomato growing areas of the district and analysed for texture, pH, EC, OC and micronutrients (Zn, CU, Fe, Mn, B) and zinc content in plant samples. The results revealed that the soils under investigation were acidic to alkaline in reaction, non saline, medium to high in organic matter content. All the studied soils were sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture. DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and HWS-B varied from 0.07 - 6.87, 0.41-4.59, 2.08-28.92, 1.37-27.08 and 0.24-2.13 mg kg-1 respectively. Plant zinc ranges from 14 - 98 mg kg-1 inferring low to high in zinc concentration. The nutrient index was calculated for all the micronutrients and it is found to be medium. Among the micronutrients 48, 21.33 and 30.67 per cent samples were categorized as low, medium and high in available zinc status. These results indicated that Zn is likely to constraint tomato crop production in Chikkaballapura.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF SOILS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT PARENT MATERIALS IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
P. C. OGUIKE ◽  
U. E. UTIN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The study of soils derived from different parent materials is useful in formulating appropriate management schemes for soil health and agricultural production. A comparative assessment of some physical properties and organic matter content of soils formed from coastal plain sands (CPS), sandstone (SST) and river alluvium (ALV) was conducted in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Topsoil samples (0 – 30 cm) were collected from ten points in soils of each of the three parent materials for laboratory analyses. The soil samples were analyzed for texture, macro and micro aggregate stability indices, soil water characteristics, bulk density and organic matter. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance to compare properties of soils of the different parent materials. Significantly different means were separated using the Least Significant Difference at 5% probability level. Results showed that soils of SST and CPS parent materials both had loamy sand texture while that of ALV soil was clay. Bulk density of ALV soil (1.20 Mg m-3) was significantly lower (p≤0.05) than those of CPS (1.55 Mg m-3) and SST (1.39 Mg m-3).  Significantly higher (p≤0.05) mean weight diameter (MWD) (2.01 mm), aggregated silt+clay (51.96%) and clay flocculation index (89.00%) were observed in ALV soils than in CPS and SST soils while the dispersion ratio and clay dispersion index were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in CPS and SST soils than in the ALV soil. Alluvial soil had significantly higher (p≤0.05) saturation water content (SWC), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and available water content (AWC) of 0.61, 0.45, 0.25 and 0.20 m3 m-3, respectively, than those of CPS and SST. Alluvial soil also had the lowest cumulative infiltration (3.05 cm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.40 cm hr-1) relative to those of CPS and SST. The CPS soil had significantly lower (p≤0.05) organic matter content (2.07%) than SST (3.06%) and ALV (3.34%) soils. Cumulative infiltration (I) significantly and positively correlated with total sand (TS) (r = 0.710*) in the CPS soil, and Ksat (r = 0.681*), MWD (r = 0.829**) and CFI (r = 0.655*) in the SST soil. In the ALV soil, cumulative infiltration positively correlated with total porosity (r = 0.770**) and negatively with bulk density (r = - 0.770**). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) had a positive correlation with SWC (r = 0.745*) and TP (r = 0.833**), but a significant and negative correlation with BD (r = - 0.833**) in SST soil. Field capacity (FC) positively and significantly correlated with TP (r = 0.638*) in CPS soil, and with MWD (r = 0.713*), CFI (r = 0.647*) and OM (r = 0.651*) in SST soil and with TP (r = 0.790**) and OM (r = 0.672*) in ALV soil. The correlations of FC with BD (r = - 0.638*) in CPS soil, with CDI (r = -0.647*) in SST soil and with BD (r = -0.790**) in ALV soil were significant and negative. MWD positively and significantly correlated with organic matter (r = 0.699*).  The clayey ALV soil will be suitable for paddy rice production and dry season crops due to its higher water retention capacity than the CPS and SST soils which will be better utilized for vegetable crop production under irrigation. The CPS and SST soils can also be applied to intensive crop production under rain fed condition and supplemented with irrigation.  

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