Mathematical Prediction of Washout of Soil by Rain Fall-Out

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
V. L. Volkovich ◽  
Georgiy A. Chechko ◽  
Victor I. Panchuk
Keyword(s):  
Rain Fall

Proposal methodology to assess debris current design in traditional Chilean Bridges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías A. Valenzuela ◽  
Francisco Hernandez ◽  
Nicolás A. Valenzuela ◽  
Flavio H. Álvarez ◽  
Hernan Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Code Design ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Newtonian Flows ◽  
Concrete Girders ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Collapse Behavior ◽  
Desert Zone

<p>During the last five years, the north of Chile was impacted by several natural disasters not considered in the traditional code design. During 2015 a great rain fall occurred in a desert zone, it is not prepared by this amount of water, producing soil and debris currents from the mountain to the sea (about 100 km).</p><p>These phenomena produced an important damage in the infrastructure, specially focused on roads and bridges. The main damage detected was the collapse of the infrastructure (piers and abutment) and the unlinking between deck and piers.</p><p>This paper presents a proposal methodology to assess the effect of these currents on bridges, using the case of study of the Chañaral Bridge, a multi-supported bridge, with four concrete girders, slab girder and two spans of 20 meters supported in two abutments and one concrete pier, over the Charañal River.</p><p>A sensitive hydraulic analysis via FEM was carried out using non-Newtonian flows (high density) representing the real final topography-condition of the current. A FEM of the bridge was carried out too considering a Non- Linear transient load. The inputs for model are the outputs from the hydraulic model in order to define the condition that produce the same collapse behavior showed after the real debris current.</p><p>Finally, results of this methodology are discussed, providing a comprehensive methodology, step by step, in order to obtained similar results according to the 2015 event.</p>

Pengaruh Curah Hujan dan Debit Air Terhadap Produktivitas Energi Listrik yang Dihasilkan Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (Studi Kasus: Sub Unit PLTA Kracak, Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Wildan Gunawan ◽  
Suyitno Muslim ◽  
Imam Arif Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Average Rain

This research is aimed to understand the effects of  rain fall and discharge rate towards hydro electric power plant productivity (case study at Kracak Sub Unit HPP, Bogor Regency Jawa Barat). Multiple regression tecnique analysis is used as research method with quantitative approach for describing the effects of rain fall and discharge rate towards hydro electric energy productivity. Based on Sub Unit PLTA Kracak during a highest down pour in June 2018 has gained electrical power about 173,583 kWh for 15,84 mm rain fall and the lowest rain fall in July 2018 is 0,86 mm only obtain 49,772 kWh electrical power with the average rain fall record in three stations is 8,9592 mm. Mean while, for the highest river discharge rate happened in February is 10,08 m3/detik which produce 198,296 kWh electrical power and the lowest in June that only gained 3,53 m3/detik which produce 49,772 kWh electrical power with the average of river discharge rate in 2018 is only 7,9858 m3/detik. The average of electrical power it self is only 156,0105 kWh for 8,9592 mm of rainfall and 7,9858 m3/detik river discharge rate record in 2018. The conclusion oh this research is the discharge rate in headwaters area is affected by rainfall intensity, but not necessarily affected to hydro electric energy productivity.   ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh curah hujan dan debit air terhadap produktivitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan pada pembangkit listrik tenaga air (Studi Kasus: Sub Unit PLTA Kracak, Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif teknik analisis data regresi berganda untuk mendiskripsikan data penelitian curah hujan dan debit air terhadap produktivitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh di Sub Unit PLTA Kracak data curah hujan tertinggi pada tahun 2018 di Bulan Juni sebesar 15,84 mm dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 173,593 kWh dan terendah di Bulan Juli sebesar 0,86 mm dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar  49,772 kWh dengan rata-rata pertahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 8,9592 mm di tiga stasiun. Sedangkan data debit air pada tahun 2018 tertinggi di Bulan Februari sebesar 10,08 m3/detik dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 198,296 kWh dan terendah di Bulan Juli sebesar 3,53 m3/detik dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 49,772 dengan rata-rata pertahun 2018 debit air sebesar 7,9858 m3/detik. Dengan rata-rata curah hujan 8,9592 mm dan debit air 7,9858 m3/detik dapat menghasilkan energi listrik rata-rata pertahun 2018 sebesar 156,0105 kWh selama tahun 2018. Dapat disimpulkan curah hujan tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap produktivitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan sedangkan debit air berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas energi listrik.

Prospects for Large-Scale Solar Thermal Electricity Generation From the Libyan Desert: Technical Feasibility

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aldali ◽  
D. Henderson ◽  
T. Muneer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clearness Index ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Latitude Range ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Libyan Desert ◽  
Electrical Generation

The Great Sahara desert covers the entire range of Libyan longitude 11° 44′ to 23° 58′ E and a latitude range of 24° 17′ through to 30° 31′N, thus covering an area of 1,750,000 sq km and 88% of this land is desert. The authors have measured hourly solar radiation at Kufra oasis (24° 17′N, 23° 15′E) within the Libyan Desert and found it to be a most reliable and consistent energy resource — the rain fall averages a few mm every 30 years. With no cloud cover throughout the year, the measured noon clearness-index often exceeding 0.84 and availability of large volumes of potable water from underground aquifers, large-scale electrical generation warrants a serious feasibility study. This article presents the technical feasibility for Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) thermal energy conversion.

Review of Rainfall Data Application for Design and Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Arnell ◽  
P Harremoës ◽  
M Jensen ◽  
N B Johansen ◽  
J Niemczynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Dynamic Flow Model ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Rain Fall

This review has been prepared for the international seminar: Rain fall as the basis for urban runoff design and analysis, held in Copenhagen, 24'26 Aug. 1983. The purpose of the review is to bring a state of the art within, 1) the statistical characterization of rain fall in time and space, 2) the development of synthetic design storms and, 3) the application of both synthetic design storms and historical storms to pipe design, flooding prediction, design of detention basins and calculation of the yearly or extreme pollutiona1 load on receiving waters from combined sewer overflows. The main conclusion, primarily related to item 3), is that more attention in this context should be put on statistical analysis of the detrimental effects: flooding and pollution. This analysis is best performed by applying historical rain records. Realistic flooding prediction is believed only to be possible with a fully dynamic flow model, whereas pollution may be studied by means of simpler models like the time area approach. The outstanding problem in the statistical prediction is the distribution in space of the historical rains.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) Genotypes in Western Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Yirga Belay Kindeya ◽  
Dargie Girmay ◽  
Alem Atsbiha ◽  
Asefa Abadi ◽  
Asefa Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Rain Fall

The experiment was conducted to characterize and evaluate mung bean accessions, to identify diseases, shattering, lodging resistant and suitable for combine harvesting. The accessions sown in a plot area of 2.1 m by 5 m with 1 m, 1.5m between plots and blocks keeping inter and intra row spacing of 40 cm and 10 cm, respectively. 73 entries along with two checks summing up 75 genotypes evaluated at field condition for their yield and yield components characters during 2019 main cropping season using augmented RCBD design without replication. R-software were used to analyze different characters including the descriptive statistics and SPSS20 used to analyze clustering. Mean of different traits days to maturity (76.46±11.21,), shattering(0.93±0.14), lodging (2.71±2.03), root length(21.±5.54), root volume(201.05±43.76), pods/plant (16.81±6.38), nodule number( 16.22±1.96), Seed yield(10.64±4.01), seeds/pod (11.77±2.80) and 100sw(3.26±0.97) was recoded. The accessions recorded different range of parameters; nodule number (0 to71.75), root length (8 cm to 34.5), shattering (0 to 100), lodging (0% to 1-10%), number of seeds/pod (7 to 23), hundred seed weight (1.8 to 3.26 gram), root volume (4.71 to 230.46 CM) respectively this big variation among accessions of different traits helps to promote breeding programme in mung bean. The seed yield of genotypes ranged from ZURD01(3.88) to ILRI6831(19.79) qtha-1. Days to maturity was ranged from 61(ARKEBE) to 103(MEND01) after emergence. Three maturity groups; early (61 to 69days), medium (71 to 79 days) and late maturing (81 to 103days). Mean yield performance; cluster one had the highest mean yield (16.31qtha-1) followed by cluster two (12.43 qtha-1), cluster three (9.8), cluster four (6.65 qtha-1) and cluster five (1.21 qtha-1) respectively. The genotypes grouped in to three clusters based on their maturity and cluster one had the highest mean maturity days (91.74) followed by cluster two (75.97) and cluster three (66.37) respectively. The early, medium and late maturing genotypes recommended for moisture stress (350-500mm), optimum (600-800 mm) and high rain fall (900-2000 mm) areas respectively according to annual rain fall of the agro ecologies. Genotypes with high nodule number, high yielding, diseases resistance, better root length, shattering and lodging resistance will be important for variety development for mechanization, commercial production and further breeding programme.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on leaf protein, proline, peroxidise activity and yield in released and pre-released genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
H.Y. Patil ◽  
Pooja ◽  
V.P. Chimmad
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
The Impact

The performance of crops need to be assessed for their production under erratic rain fall pattern, increased temperatures, and enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the present study groundnut was chosen as test crop and selected genotypes [four released (GPBD-4, G2-52, Dh-86 and TMV-2) and four pre-released (Dh-245, Dh-232, Dh-256 and Dh-257)] were studied to quantify the impact of moisture deficit stress at critical growth stages i.e., 40 to 80 DAS and 80 DAS to harvest. Leaf protein and proline increases in tolerant genotypes at higher moisture stress levels than susceptible genotypes as they acts as osmolytes and maintains the turgidity of the cell and hence, checks the water loss and peroxidase enzyme activity which in turn scavenges ROS produced due to stress as a result there was reduction in yield. The genotypes, GPBD-4, Dh-257 and Dh-256 recorded higher per cent increase in leaf soluble protein, leaf proline and peroxidase enzyme activity at all the stages. Increase was higher at 80 DAS to harvest stressed plants than 40 to 80 DAS stressed plants.

scholarly journals ESTIMACIÓN DE LA ABUNDANCIA DE CAMARÓN CAFÉ (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) EN LAS COSTAS DE TAMAULIPAS, 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
A. T. Wakida Kusunoki ◽  
R. Solana Sansores ◽  
A. González-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Brown Shrimp ◽  
Laguna Madre ◽  
Farfantepenaeus Aztecus ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Distant Zone ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Swept Area

Se presentan los resultados de la evaluación de la abundancia de camarón café (Farfantepeneaus aztecus ) en las costas de Tamaulipas durante el verano de 2002. Se realizaron cuatro cruceros de pesca exploratoria en las costas de Tamaulipas en agosto en donde se analizaron los valores de biomasa por área barrida. Estos valores fueron comparados con los obtenidos en cruceros de pesca exploratoria previos. La información fue complementada con datos de la estructura por tallas observadas durante mayo en Laguna Madre y tallas capturadas durante julio en altamar. Los resultados muestran que los rendimientos de la captura y la bio masa existentes son menores a los meses anteriores. Asi mismo, la estructura de tallas en el sistema lagunar, en la costa y la zona lejana a la costa (20 m a 42 m de profundidad) muestran un retraso en el reclutamiento y una desaceleración en el crecimiento, posiblemente como resultado de la anormalidad en la temperatura y la precipitación. Los valores bajos de la bio masa y las tallas observadas provocaron que los rendimientos en las capturas comerciales de altamar fueran menores a lo esperado. Abundance as sessment of brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) in Tamaulipas coasts, 2002 Results from brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus ) abundance evaluation of the coasts of Tamaulipas during summer of 2002 are presented. Four exploratory fishing cruises were carried out in the coasts Tamaulipas during August, where bio mass values were analyzed by swept area. These values were compared with data of previous exploratory fishing cruises. The information was complemented with data of size structure, observed during May in Laguna Madre and information from a survey carried out in June 2001. The results shown that the yield of capture and bio mass existing are smaller than the previous months. Likewise, the structure of sizes in the inshore system, from the coast and the distant zone to the coast (20 m to 42 m depth) shown a de lay in the recruit ment and abundance on decrease, possibly explained as a result of a temperature and rain fall abnormality. The low values observed of bio mass and sizes, caused that yields in the commercial captures of open sea were smaller than the expected ones.

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