scholarly journals Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) Genotypes in Western Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Yirga Belay Kindeya ◽  
Dargie Girmay ◽  
Alem Atsbiha ◽  
Asefa Abadi ◽  
Asefa Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Rain Fall

The experiment was conducted to characterize and evaluate mung bean accessions, to identify diseases, shattering, lodging resistant and suitable for combine harvesting. The accessions sown in a plot area of 2.1 m by 5 m with 1 m, 1.5m between plots and blocks keeping inter and intra row spacing of 40 cm and 10 cm, respectively. 73 entries along with two checks summing up 75 genotypes evaluated at field condition for their yield and yield components characters during 2019 main cropping season using augmented RCBD design without replication. R-software were used to analyze different characters including the descriptive statistics and SPSS20 used to analyze clustering. Mean of different traits days to maturity (76.46±11.21,), shattering(0.93±0.14), lodging (2.71±2.03), root length(21.±5.54), root volume(201.05±43.76), pods/plant (16.81±6.38), nodule number( 16.22±1.96), Seed yield(10.64±4.01), seeds/pod (11.77±2.80) and 100sw(3.26±0.97) was recoded. The accessions recorded different range of parameters; nodule number (0 to71.75), root length (8 cm to 34.5), shattering (0 to 100), lodging (0% to 1-10%), number of seeds/pod (7 to 23), hundred seed weight (1.8 to 3.26 gram), root volume (4.71 to 230.46 CM) respectively this big variation among accessions of different traits helps to promote breeding programme in mung bean. The seed yield of genotypes ranged from ZURD01(3.88) to ILRI6831(19.79) qtha-1. Days to maturity was ranged from 61(ARKEBE) to 103(MEND01) after emergence. Three maturity groups; early (61 to 69days), medium (71 to 79 days) and late maturing (81 to 103days). Mean yield performance; cluster one had the highest mean yield (16.31qtha-1) followed by cluster two (12.43 qtha-1), cluster three (9.8), cluster four (6.65 qtha-1) and cluster five (1.21 qtha-1) respectively. The genotypes grouped in to three clusters based on their maturity and cluster one had the highest mean maturity days (91.74) followed by cluster two (75.97) and cluster three (66.37) respectively. The early, medium and late maturing genotypes recommended for moisture stress (350-500mm), optimum (600-800 mm) and high rain fall (900-2000 mm) areas respectively according to annual rain fall of the agro ecologies. Genotypes with high nodule number, high yielding, diseases resistance, better root length, shattering and lodging resistance will be important for variety development for mechanization, commercial production and further breeding programme.

Phenotyping of traits imparting drought tolerance in lentil

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kumar ◽  
P. S. Basu ◽  
E. Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Chaturvedi ◽  
N. Nadarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

Lentil is one of most important pulse crops in South Asia, and invariably encounters terminal moisture stress, leading to forced maturity and lower yield. A long and prolific root system is known to enhance capacity of the plant to extract water from the lower soil strata and thus help avoid the water stress. We assessed genetic variation for 12 traits among 43 lentil genotypes comprising improved varieties and promising breeding lines. The average root length at the 65-day plant stage ranged from 42 to 83 cm. Two genotypes (EC 208362 and VKS 16/11) with shorter root length and poor dry root weight (DRW) and three genotypes (DPL 53, JL 1, and IPL 98/193) with longer root length and high DRW were identified with stable performance over the years. Relationship of root traits with seed yield under rainfed conditions was non-significant in our study. The SPAD value (chlorophyll content) showed significantly positive correlation with DRW (r = 0.45**) and root length (r = 0.44**) and thus can be used as selection criterion for phenotyping root traits which are otherwise difficult to measure in the field. In drought-prone environments, early flowering and maturity, seedling vigour, and high SPAD value, biological yield, and harvest index were identified as key traits for higher seed yield in lentil. Our results revealed significant genetic variability for these traits in lentil germplasm. Indian genotypes adapted to rainfed conditions were shown to have longer roots and higher DRW. The three genotypes (DPL 53, JL 1, and IPL 98/193) identified with superior root traits either originated from or have in their ancestries at least one parent adapted to rainfed conditions. These genotypes can be utilised for the development of mapping populations to identify QTLs associated with these traits for marker-assisted breeding of drought-tolerant, high-yielding varieties of lentil.

scholarly journals Sesame germplasm evaluation for reproductive period and harvest index

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
Bachubhai Monpara
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Crop Maturity

In sesame, reproductive period is a component of crop maturity and harvest index is a component of seed yield. Both are important traits in applied plant breeding and associated with seed filling process, which helps optimizing crop duration and maximizing sesame yield. The study was focused on genetic control of these traits and to identify potential genotypes to use as parents in breeding programme. Seventy sesame germplasm lines were evaluated in randomized block design replicated thrice. Great variability for reproductive period and harvest index was observed. High heritability accompanied by high genetic gain for reproductive period, harvest index, biological yield and seed yield. Reproductive period was associated positively with days to maturity. Harvest index was associated positively with seed yield and biological yield but negatively with days to maturity. These circumstances suggest that increasing seed yield in sesame is possible through breeding for reproductive period and harvest index. However, performance data of selected genotypes demonstrate that it is wise to select for yield in conjunction with high biological yield and greater proportion of photosynthate partitioning together with optimum length of reproductive period. Use of present genetic variation like MARGO-TALL in manipulating both reproductive period and harvest index may be beneficial in sesame breeding programme.

Nitrate reductase activity and yield of Lens culinaris sprayed with 28-homobrassinolide

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hayat ◽  
A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Leaf Nitrate

Thirty-day-old plants of Lens culinaris (L.) Medic. cv. Pusa-6 were sprayed with 10-10, 10-8 or 10-6 M aqueous solutions of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR). Root length and nodule number per plant decreased, whereas the leaf nitrate reductase activity (E.C. 1.6.6.1) at 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing and the seed yield at harvest increased significantly in plants sprayed with either concentration of HBR. The values increased at first with an increase in the concentration of HBR but decreased with a further increase above 10-8M, which proved best for improving seed production.

Responses of soybean genotypes to intercropping with maize in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
C. U. Egbo ◽  
M. A. Adagba ◽  
D. K. Adedzwa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Location Interaction

Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Htwe ◽  
Seinn Moh Moh ◽  
Khin Myat Soe ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Application ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of staygreen sunflower lines and their hybrids for yield under drought conditions

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshavardan J. Hilli ◽  
Shobha U. Immadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Hybridization Programme ◽  
Spad Readings

Abstract The experimental material for the present study comprised of 28 inbred lines (including two checks) which were developed by mutation and hybridization among the lines from AICRP trials MARS, UAS, Dharwad and on the basis of SPAD readings and stay green nature, they were considered as drought tolerant lines. These lines were used for the present experiment and were evaluated under both normal and moisture stress condition in rain out shelter to study their root characteristics. Among 28 inbreds evaluated, eight inbred lines i.e. DSR-13, DSR-19, DSR-23, DSR-24, DSR-37, DSR-66, DSR-107 and DSR-132 were identified as drought tolerant nature which exhibited least reduction in their yield under moisture stress condition. Simultaneously hybridization programme was also initiated during summer 2018 using these 28 inbred lines as testers (males) and 5 CMS lines as female lines in Line × Tester fashion. Among 140 hybrids developed, only 40 F1 hybrid combinations were further analyzed for heterosis and combining ability studies along with four checks RHA 6D-1, RHA 95C-1, KBSH-53 and Cauvery Champ. Most of the hybrid combinations showed significant negative heterosis for flowering indicating earliness, and also all the combinations showed a positive heterosis for plant height indicating tallness dominant over dwarf checks. The combinations CMS 7-1-1 A × DSR-37 (624 kg/ha), CMS-853A × DSR-19 (624 kg/ha), and CMS-853A × DSR-23 (619 kg/ha) exhibited significant maximum heterosis for seed yield (kg ha−1) over the checks KBSH-53 (496.50 kg/ha) and Cauvery Champ (486.50 kg/ha) showing maximum seed yield per hectare.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on leaf protein, proline, peroxidise activity and yield in released and pre-released genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
H.Y. Patil ◽  
Pooja ◽  
V.P. Chimmad
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
The Impact

The performance of crops need to be assessed for their production under erratic rain fall pattern, increased temperatures, and enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the present study groundnut was chosen as test crop and selected genotypes [four released (GPBD-4, G2-52, Dh-86 and TMV-2) and four pre-released (Dh-245, Dh-232, Dh-256 and Dh-257)] were studied to quantify the impact of moisture deficit stress at critical growth stages i.e., 40 to 80 DAS and 80 DAS to harvest. Leaf protein and proline increases in tolerant genotypes at higher moisture stress levels than susceptible genotypes as they acts as osmolytes and maintains the turgidity of the cell and hence, checks the water loss and peroxidase enzyme activity which in turn scavenges ROS produced due to stress as a result there was reduction in yield. The genotypes, GPBD-4, Dh-257 and Dh-256 recorded higher per cent increase in leaf soluble protein, leaf proline and peroxidase enzyme activity at all the stages. Increase was higher at 80 DAS to harvest stressed plants than 40 to 80 DAS stressed plants.

scholarly journals Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on rooting behaviour of grape cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
SHRUTHI REDDY L ◽  
GOPALA KRISHNA REDDY A ◽  
VANAJA. M ◽  
MARUTHI. V. ◽  
VANAJA LATHA. K.
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was laid out to study the impact of eCO2 (550ppm), eT (+3ºC) and their interaction (eCO2+eT) on rooting behaviour of cuttings of three grape varieties- Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue, and Dogridge in FATE and OTC facilities. Observations were recorded at 50 and 80 days after planting (DAP) and root growth data was recorded and analysed using WinRHIZO root scanner and its software. Analysis revealed that, among the selected grape varieties, Thompson Seedless cuttings has shown highest number of roots, root volume and dry biomass under eCO2 and eCO2+ eT conditions, while total root length and root length density were highest with Bangalore Blue. Under eT condition, Bangalore Blue showed highest number of roots, total root length and root length density, while root volume and dry biomass was highest with Thompson Seedless. The per se values of root parameters under all conditions and their response to eCO2 was lowest with Dogridge. Though eT condition reduced all the root parameters, their performance improved under eCO2+ eT indicating the presence of higher concentration of CO2 reduced the ill effects of high temperature. Overall, eCO2 and eCO2+eT conditions improved root parameters of grape varieties, while eT reduced them as compared to their performance under ambient condition and varietal variation is significant.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence (D2) Evaluation in Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (L) Verdcout] Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Rakesh Singh ◽  
J. L. Salam Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Research Station ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Total Divergence

The experiment was performed at Research cum Instructional Farm, Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kumhrawand, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh. A total of 56germplasm lines and 1 check variety of horsegram were assessed for 10 quantitative traits during kharif2018.Genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. Clusters VI had maximum intra cluster distance while inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster VI and cluster VIII. Cluster III and cluster VIII had highest mean values for seed yield per plant characters. The characters viz., pods per plant followed by days to maturity and seed yield per plant were main contribution to total divergence. Based on the result genotypes belonging to clusters II, III and VIII are recommended for hybridization, as these genotypes showed good performance for seed yield and belong to the diverse clusters.

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