scholarly journals Wheat Cultivar Differences in Photosynthetic Response to Low Soil Water Potentials. II. Maintenance of leaf turgor and relative water content.

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-lian Xu ◽  
Ryuichi IHII
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Relative Water

scholarly journals Relationships Among Water Potential Components, Relative Water Content, and Stomatal Resistance of Field-Grown Peanut Leaves1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote ◽  
L. C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Abstract Limited data exist describing the physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants to tissue water deficits. Detailed field experiments which accurately define the water status of both the plant and soil are required to better understand the effects of water stress on a peanut crop. The objectives of the present study were 1) to describe the changes in leaf water potential components during a drying cycle, and 2) to define the relationships among soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf turgor potential, relative water content, leaf-air temperature differential, and leaf diffusive resistance as water stress was imposed on a peanut crop. During a 28-day drying period where both rainfall and irrigation were withheld from peanut plants, midday measurements of the physiological parameters and volumetric soil water contents were taken concurrently. As soil drying progressed, water extraction from the upper soil depths was limited as soil moisture approached 0.04 m3m-3. Leaf water potentials and leaf turgor potentials of nonirrigated plants decreased to approximately −2.0 and 0 MPa, respectively, by the end of the experimental period. Leaf water potentials declined only gradually as the average volumetric soil water content in the upper 90 cm of soil decreased from 0.12 to 0.04 m3m-3. Further reductions in soil water content caused large reductions in leaf water potential. As volumetric soil moisture content decreased slightly below 0.04 m3m-3 in the upper 90 cm, leaf relative water content dropped to 86%, leaf water potential approached −1.6 MPa and leaf turgor potential decreased to 0 MPa. Concurrently, stomatal closure resulted and leaf temperature increased above air temperature. Osmotic potentials measured at 100% relative water content were similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plants, suggesting little or no osmotic regulation.

scholarly journals Hasil, Kualitas Fisik Polong dan Biji Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah menurut Ragam Lengas Tanah pada Fase Generatif

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Asri Rahmianna ◽  
Dan Joko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Generative Stage

Drought stress during generative stage affected pod yield, yield components, seed and pod qualities of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The reseach was carried out to assess the effect of drought stress at various soil water availabilities during generative stage on pod yield, pod and seed physical qualities. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo District during July-October 2012. Five genotypes were arranged in a RCB design, with 3 replicates. The replications were nested into four treatments of soil water availability (0-100, 0-85, 0-70,0-55 days after sowing/DAS). The pods were harvested at 102 days after sowing. The result showed that the shorter the water availability, the lower the leaf relative water content, pod and seed water contents, number of mature pods, seed size, and intact seeds weight. Pod yield reduced when water was available upto 55 DAS only. Turangga variety had the highest pod yield (1.626 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. GH-51 yielded in 1.076 ton ha-1 with superior pod and seed physical qualities. Despite of its lowest pod yield (0.964 ton ha-1), J-11 produced the same pod and seed physical qualities as GH 51 did. ICGV 86590 was superior on its pod yield (1.338 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. Kancil variety did not perform any superiority.<br /><br />Keywords: intact seeds, leaf relative water content, pod moisture content, seed moisture content

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE LEAF WATER STATUS OF BARLEY AND SOIL WATER

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUSTIN A. MILLAR ◽  
MURRAY E. DUYSEN ◽  
ENOCH B. NORUM
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Suction ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Total water potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves from plants grown under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions was divided into pressure and osmotic potential components, and their relationship to leaf relative water content was determined. Pressure potential approached zero at a water potential of about −32 bars, and a relative water content of about 65%. A change in the elasticity of leaves occurred at about 2 bars pressure potential and about −12 bars water potential. First visible wilting was observed between 75 and 80% relative water content. Transpiration decreased as leaf relative water content decreased but transpiration was independent of soil water content until about 16% (0.6 bar soil suction). First visible wilting of barley leaves was observed at soil water content between 9 and 13% (1–5 bars soil suction). Water potential and leaf relative water content decreased as the soil matric potential decreased. There was a shift to lower relative water content and water potential values as plants became older when the soil matric potential decreased.

Effect of Irrigation Regimes on the Water Status, Vegetative Growth and Rubber Production of Guayule Plants

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliza Benzioni ◽  
David Mills ◽  
Meir Forti
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYThree irrigation regimes (250, 450, 650 mm year−1) were applied to guayule (Parthenium argentatum), a rubber-producing plant, in such a way as to provide periods of good soil water status alternating with periods of water stress. The relative water content and transpiration rate of the plants decreased only when the available soil water was depleted to about 40%. Very low values (< 30%) were measured for the relative water content. Water-stressed plants recovered as soon as irrigation was resumed. Growth and biomass accumulation, as well as the yields of rubber and resins, were directly related to the irrigation rates. The water regimes applied and the use of the drip irrigation method resulted in a relatively high water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Physiological and vegetative behavior of banana cultivars under irrigation water salinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo B. Santana Júnior ◽  
Eugênio F. Coelho ◽  
Karoline S. Gonçalves ◽  
Jailson L. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of salinity levels of irrigation water on physiology and growth of banana cultivars during the vegetative stage. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design in split plots, with four levels of salinity in irrigation water (0.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four banana cultivars (Pacovan, Prata Anã, BRS Platina and Princesa) with three repetitions. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, relative water content, leaf water potential and proline concentration were evaluated at 150 days after transplanting (DAT), besides plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. All variables showed sensitivity to the increase of salinity level of irrigation water. The results of soil water extraction, relative water content in leaf (RWC), leaf water potential and proline content differed (p ≤ 0.05) among the cultivars. Prata Anã and BRS Platina cultivars were the ones with lowest sensitivity, while Pacovan and BRS Princesa cultivars showed larger variation of soil water extraction and RWC with the increase in irrigation water salinity (electrical conductivity), being considered the ones of highest sensitivity to salinity in this study. Banana crop growth as a consequence of physiological effects was inhibited by the increase in water salinity, mainly in “BRS Princesa” cultivar.

Agronomic and Physiological Responses of Soybean and Sorghum Crops to Water Deficits. III. Components of Leaf Water Potential, Leaf Conductance, 14co2 Photosynthesis and Adaptation to Water Deficits.

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Turner ◽  
JE Begg ◽  
HM Rawson ◽  
SD English ◽  
AB Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Relative Water

Concurrent measurements of leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, leaf relative water content, quantum flux density, leaf conductance, 14CO2 photosynthesis, soluble and insoluble sugars, starch and potassium concentrations were made diurnally on six occasions between flowering and maturity on upper leaves of irrigated and rainfed crops of soybean (cvv. Ruse and Bragg) and a rainfed crop of sorghum (cv. TX 610). With adequate soil water, sorghum had lower values of leaf conductance than did soybeans at high light and yet had higher rates of photosynthesis. Stage of plant development had no effect on either leaf conductance or photosynthesis of the youngest fully expanded leaves of both sorghum and soybean, but starch accumulation in the leaf over the day was less at grain-filling than at flowering in the soybean. Starch and sugar levels in the leaf had no apparent effect on photosynthesis. The daily minimum leaf water potential decreased in Ruse soybean from - 1.5 to -2.7 MPa as soil water was depleted. Late in the drying cycle, the daily minimum leaf water potential was higher in Bragg than in Ruse. In both cultivars, stomatal closure and decrease in 14CO2 photosynthesis commenced at leaf water potentials below - 1.5 MPa. Thus, the effect of water deficits on leaf conductance and photosynthesis occurred later in the drying cycle in Bragg than Ruse. As photosynthesis decreased with the depletion of soil water, starch accumulation in leaves of both cultivars of soybean decreased; changes in soluble and insoluble sugars and in potassium were small. The relationships among leaf water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, and leaf relative water content did not change with season or soil water depletion. Bragg and Ruse soybeans showed a similar response and both approached zero turgor at the same relative water content (82-83 %) and the same leaf water potential (- 1.5 to - 1.7 MPa). No evidence ofr osmotic adjustment was found in either soybean cultivar.

scholarly journals Response of wheat varieties to salinity: growth, yield and ion analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Hina Nazir ◽  
Humaira Gul ◽  
Mamoona Rauf ◽  
Tabassum Yaseen ◽  
Khushnood Ur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Water Loss

In plants, development, growth and yield most severely affected through saline soil/water in growth medium, ultimately cause severe threat to global food production for human being. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most edible crop in Pakistan. Production of this crop can be improved through using marginal areas with the help of growing salt-tolerant varieties. The present investigation is carried out to screen out six local wheat varieties (F.Sarhad, Insaf, Lalma, Tatora, Bathoor and Barsat) with reference to their vegetative and reproductive growth, different physiological parameters [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte-leakage (EL) and leaf water loss (LWL)] and ionic status of plants. Present experiment designed in completely randomized manner (CRD) and 54 pots were arranged in the Botanical Garden, Department of Botany. These pots arranged in 6 lines with 9 pots/line and each line was irrigated with non-saline (control), 50 mM and 150 mM NaCl solution. The data from present research revealed that application of salt cause significant reduction in plant-height, root-length, fresh-biomass, dry-biomass, seed number/plant, seed weight/plant, spike-weight, relative water content, leaf water loss, and different ions of plants. Similarly at same applied doses of salt weight of 100 seeds, spike-length, electrolyte-leakage, Na+ and Cl- ions become increased. It has been concluded from the results of present study that varieties F. Sarhad, Insaf and Lalma exhibited more salt tolerance as compare to other varieties. So, these recommended for growing on moderately salt affected soil/water to achieve more yield of wheat from such affected lands of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>

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