Effect of Aluminum Phosphate Species as New Matrix Component on Cracking Performance of FCC Catalyst with or without ZSM-5 Additive

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

Download Full-text

Economic geology of the aluminum phosphate zone on property owned by the Royster Guano Company, land-pebble phosphate district, Florida

10.3133/tem867 ◽

1954 ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Geology ◽

Aluminum Phosphate

Download Full-text

Scandium-bearing aluminum phosphate deposits of Utah

10.34191/ri-209 ◽

1988 ◽

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Phosphate ◽

Phosphate Deposits

Download Full-text

Fracture-Tolerant and Shear-Resistant Interlayers for Mitigation of Reflective Cracking

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119847622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (10) ◽

pp. 35-46

Author(s):

Cristian Cocconcelli ◽

Bongsuk Park ◽

Jian Zou ◽

George Lopp ◽

Reynaldo Roque

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Reflective Cracking ◽

Rubber Membrane ◽

Near Surface ◽

Field Evidence ◽

Cracking Performance ◽

Interface Cracking

Reflective cracking is frequently reported as the most common distress affecting resurfaced pavements. An asphalt rubber membrane interlayer (ARMI) approach has been traditionally used in Florida to mitigate reflective cracking. However, recent field evidence has raised doubts about the effectiveness of the ARMI when placed near the surface, indicating questionable benefits to reflective cracking and increased instability rutting potential. The main purpose of this research was to develop guidelines for an effective alternative to the ARMI for mitigation of near-surface reflective cracking in overlays on asphalt pavement. Fourteen interlayer mixtures, covering three aggregate types widely used in Florida, and two nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMAS) were designed according to key characteristics identified for mitigation of reflective cracking, that is, sufficient gradation coarseness and high asphalt content. The dominant aggregate size range—interstitial component (DASR-IC) model was used for the design of all mixture gradations. A composite specimen interface cracking (CSIC) test was employed to evaluate reflective cracking performance of interlayer systems. In addition, asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) tests were performed to determine whether the interlayer mixtures had sufficient rutting resistance. The results indicated that interlayer mixtures designed with lower compaction effort, reduced design air voids, and coarser gradation led to more cost-effective fracture-tolerant and shear-resistant (FTSR) interlayers. Therefore, preliminary design guidelines including minimum effective film thickness and maximum DASR porosity requirements were proposed for 9.5-mm NMAS (35 µm and 50%) and 4.75-mm NMAS FTSR mixtures (20 µm and 60%) to mitigate near-surface reflective cracking.

Download Full-text

Flexural cracking performance of strain-hardening cementitious composites with polyvinyl alcohol: Experimental and analytical study

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 247 ◽

pp. 118110

Author(s):

Ru Bai ◽

Shuguang Liu ◽

Changwang Yan ◽

Ju Zhang ◽

Xiaoxiao Wang

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Strain Hardening ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Cementitious Composites ◽

Cracking Performance

Download Full-text

A Reduced Dose Whole Virion Aluminum Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Is Immunogenic, Safe, and Well Tolerated in Pediatric Patients

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 500

Author(s):

Zoltan Vajo ◽

Gergely Balaton ◽

Peter Vajo ◽

Peter Torzsa

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Age Groups ◽

Aluminum Phosphate ◽

Vaccine Virus ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Reduced Dose ◽

Viral Hemagglutinin ◽

Virus Strains ◽

Two Age Groups

Background: Data suggest that pediatric patients might react differently to influenza vaccination, both in terms of immunity and side effects. We have recently shown that using a whole virion vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvants, reduced dose vaccines containing 6 µg of viral hemagglutinin (HA) per strain are immunogenic, and well tolerated in adult and elderly patients. Here we show the results of a multicenter clinical trial of pediatric patients, using reduced doses of a new, whole virion, aluminum phosphate adjuvanted vaccine (FluArt, Budapest, Hungary). Methods: A total of 120 healthy volunteers were included in two age groups (3–11 years, receiving 3 µg of HA per strain, and 12–18 years, receiving 6 µg of HA per strain). We used hemagglutination inhibition testing to assess immunogenicity, based on EMA and FDA licensing criteria, including post/pre-vaccination geometric mean titer ratios, seroconversion and seropositivity rates. Safety and tolerability were assessed using CHMP guidelines. Results: All subjects entered the study and were vaccinated (ITT population). All 120 subjects attended the control visit on Day 21 (PP population). All immunogenicity licensing criteria were met in both age groups for all three vaccine virus strains. No serious adverse events were detected and the vaccine was well tolerated by both age groups. Discussion: Using a whole virion vaccine and aluminum phosphate adjuvants, a reduction in the amount of the viral hemmaglutinin is possible while maintaining immunogenicity, safety and tolerability in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Download Full-text