scholarly journals Molecular analysis of nestling diet in a long-distance Neotropical migrant, the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla)

The Auk ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Trevelline ◽  
Steven C. Latta ◽  
Leesia C. Marshall ◽  
Tim Nuttle ◽  
Brady A. Porter
PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Prava Mohanty ◽  
Mark Alan Buchheim ◽  
James Anderson ◽  
Estelle Levetin

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4407-4407
Author(s):  
Hannes Kroenlein ◽  
Stefan Schwartz ◽  
Richard Reinhardt ◽  
Mara Molkentin ◽  
Nicola Goekbuget ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract 4407 Background: Burkitt lymphoma and a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are characterized by chromosomal alterations affecting the MYC oncogene on 8q24. In most cases MYC is found juxtaposed to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene locus. Translocations to the immunoglobulin kappa (IGK) gene locus on 2p11 are observed in around 10% of cases. Little data exist on the molecular mechanisms leading to this aberration. The chromosomal breakpoints on chromosome 8 have been found dispersed over a large area 3’ of MYC. Currently, molecular cytogenetics (FISH) and cytogenetics are the methods of choice to detect the t(2;8) translocation and until now there exists no PCR method to reliably detect it. Objectives: In order to obtain a better understanding of this chromosomal translocation we developed a long-distance inverse (LDI) PCR method for the identification of chromosomal translocations affecting the IGK locus. The LDI PCR method takes advantage of the fact that the chromosomal breaks occur on chromosome 2 in the vicinity of the IGK joining segments. Using this method we investigated a number of cytogenetically mostly uncharacterized high-grade lymphoma samples. Results: A MYC-IGK juxtaposition was identified in 7 patients and three t(2;8)-positive cell lines. The chromosomal breakpoints were molecularly characterized and analyzed. The linear distance of the breakpoints on chromosome 8 to MYC ranged from some 100 bp to more than 0.5 MB. The breakpoints appeared to be clustered in distinctive regions, however, the number is still to small to draw definitive conclusions. The reciprocal translocated allele could be characterized in the majority of cases and putative break mechanisms are proposed. No larger sequence homologies were detected at the break sites. A minority of breaks were located near putative recombination signal sequences (RSS). Conclusions: This study represents the largest series of t(2;8)-positive cases analyzed so far and the LDI PCR developed therein is the first universally applicable PCR-based method to detect this aberration. This LDI PCR should furthermore in general be useful for the molecular analysis of chromosomal translocations affecting the IGK locus. These aberrations have been detected in various lymphoma entities but are currently largely unexplored. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
David P. Arsenault ◽  
Peter B. Stacey ◽  
Guy A. Hoelzer

AbstractOver a seven-year period, we used mark-recapture in a population of Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) in the Zuni Mountains, New Mexico, to estimate adult breeding-site fidelity, mate fidelity, natal philopatry, and dispersal distances. We also used DNA fingerprinting to examine the genetic population structure of Flammulated Owls among four mountain ranges in New Mexico and one range in Utah. Mark-recapture revealed that adults are site-faithful and tend to maintain pair bonds between years, whereas juveniles show little natal philopatry. DNA fingerprinting revealed very low differentiation among populations, even between the New Mexico and Utah ranges, with population subdivision (FST) estimates ranging from 0.00 to 0.04. Heterozygosity values were high within each mountain range and, together with the low FST values, suggest that this Neotropical migrant may have long-distance natal dispersal and frequent intermountain dispersal.Datos de Marcado-Recaptura y Huellas Dactilares de ADN Revelan Alta Fidelidad a los Sitios de Cría, Baja Filopatría Natal y Bajos Niveles de Diferenciación Genética Poblacional en Otus flammeolus


PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Mogle ◽  
Scott A. Kimball ◽  
William R. Miller ◽  
Richard D. McKown

Terrestrial tardigrades, commonly known as “water bears”, are part of a phylum of microscopic, aquatic invertebrates famous for cryptobiosis and space travel, but little is known about their modes of dispersal on Earth. Wind is assumed, but not truly demonstrated, to be the major method of global dispersal. Yet, some water bear distribution patterns cannot be explained by patterns of prevailing winds. Mammals and birds have been proposed as potential animal vectors. Importantly, most nearctic-neotropical migrant birds move north and south, with many crossing the equator, whereas prevailing winds move west to east or east to west but do not cross the equator. When multiplied by billions of birds over tens of millions of years, if the ectozoochory of tardigrades by birds is true then both regional and intercontinental patterns can be better explained. To test for the potential role of birds in tardigrade dispersal, the nests of 10 species for birds were examined. Seventy percent of nests were positive for tardigrades, demonstrating that some birds are in a position for transference. The carcasses of eight birds (six species) found dead from window strikes and a Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) found dead during routine surveys were also examined. Of the birds examined, 66% yielded tardigrades from two classes, three orders, and five species, including juveniles, adults, and eggs, suggesting that many bird species are potential vectors for many species of tardigrades. Our data support the hypothesis of avian-mediated long distance dispersal of tardigrades and provide evidence that further investigation is warranted.


The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Skagen ◽  
Jeffrey F. Kelly ◽  
Charles van Riper ◽  
Richard L. Hutto ◽  
Deborah M. Finch ◽  
...  

Abstract Migration stopover resources, particularly riparian habitats, are critically important to landbirds migrating across the arid southwestern region of North America. To explore the effects of species biogeography and habitat affinity on spring migration patterns, we synthesized existing bird abundance and capture data collected in riparian habitats of the borderlands region of the U.S. and Mexico. We determined the importance of geographic factors (longitude and latitude) in explaining variation in abundances and capture rates of 32 long-distance and three short-distance migrant species. Abundances and capture rates of 13 and 11 species, respectively, increased with increasing longitude, and four species' abundance and capture rates decreased with increasing longitude. Riparian associates, but not nonriparian species, were more abundant in western sites. Their abundance patterns were only weakly influenced by species biogeography. In contrast, biogeography did influence abundance patterns of nonriparian birds, suggesting that they choose the shortest, most direct route between wintering and breeding areas. We hypothesize that riparian obligate birds may, to some degree, adjust their migration routes to maximize time spent in high-quality riparian zones, but they are able to find suitable habitat opportunistically when crossing more hostile landscapes. In contrast, nonriparian birds adhere more closely to a hierarchical model in which the migratory route is determined by biogeographic constraints. Conservation of riparian habitats is necessary to meet future habitat stopover requirements of many western Neotropical migrant birds. We advocate a coordinated research effort to further elucidate patterns of distribution and habitat use so that conservation activities can be focused effectively. Geografía de la Migración de Primavera de Aves Terrestres a Través de Hábitats Riparios en el Sudoeste de Norteamérica Resumen. Los recursos que sirven como paradas migratorias, especialmente los hábitats riparios, son críticamente importantes para las aves migratorias terrestres a través de la región árida del sudoeste de Norteamérica. Para explorar los efectos de la biogeografía de las especies y la afinidad de hábitat sobre los patrones de migración de primavera, sintetizamos los datos existentes de abundancia y capturas de aves colectados en hábitats riparios en la zona fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México. Determinamos la importancia de factores geográficos (latitud y longitud) en explicar la variación en las abundancias y en las tasas de captura de 32 especies migratorias de larga distancia y 3 de corta distancia. Las abundancias y tasas de captura de 13 y 11 especies, respectivamente, aumentaron con el aumento de la longitud, y cuatro especies mostraron una disminución con el aumento de la longitud. Las aves asociadas a los ambientes riparios fueron más abundantes en los sitios del oeste que las especies no riparias, y su abundancia sólo se vio levemente influenciada por la biogeografía de las especies. De modo contrastante, la biogeografía sí influenció los patrones de abundancia de las especies de aves no riparias, lo que sugiere que éstas escogieron la ruta más corta y directa entre las áreas de invernada y de reproducción. Proponemos la hipótesis de que las aves de hábitat ripario obligatorias pueden, hasta cierto grado, ajustar sus rutas migratorias para maximizar el tiempo en zonas riparias de alta calidad, pero también son capaces de encontrar hábitats adecuados de manera oportunista al cruzar paisajes más hostiles. De modo contrastante, las aves no riparias se adhieren más cercanamente a un modelo jerárquico en el cual la ruta migratoria es determinada por restricciones biogeográficas. La conservación de los hábitats riparios es necesaria para cumplir los requerimientos futuros de las paradas durante la migración de muchas aves migratorias Neotropicales del oeste. Abogamos por un esfuerzo de investigación coordinado para elucidar los patrones de distribución y de uso de hábitat de manera que las actividades para la conservación puedan ser enfocadas de manera eficiente.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fink ◽  
Tom Auer ◽  
Alison Johnston ◽  
Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka ◽  
...  

AbstractInformation on species’ distributions and abundances, and how these change over time are central to the study of the ecology and conservation of animal populations. This information is challenging to obtain at relevant scales across range-wide extents for two main reasons. First, local and regional processes that affect populations vary throughout the year and across species’ ranges, requiring fine-scale, year-round information across broad — sometimes hemispheric — spatial extents. Second, while citizen science projects can collect data at these scales, using these data requires appropriate analysis to address known sources of bias. Here we present an analytical framework to address these challenges and generate year-round, range-wide distributional information using citizen science data. To illustrate this approach, we apply the framework to Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), a long-distance Neotropical migrant and species of conservation concern, using data from the citizen science project eBird. We estimate occurrence and relative abundance with enough spatiotemporal resolution to support inference across a range of spatial scales throughout the annual cycle. Additionally, we generate intra-annual estimates of the range, intra-annual estimates of the associations between species and the local environment, and inter-annual trends in relative abundance. This is the first example of an analysis to capture intra- and inter-annual distributional dynamics across the entire range of a broadly distributed, highly mobile species.


2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Kroenlein ◽  
Stefan Schwartz ◽  
Richard Reinhardt ◽  
Harald Rieder ◽  
Mara Molkentin ◽  
...  

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Herbert Hoi ◽  
Anton Kristin ◽  
Francisco Valera ◽  
Christine Hoi

Abstract Food abundance influences various aspects of birds' breeding ecology, such as onset of laying, clutch size, and reproductive success. Here, we examine the effects of a natural superabundance of food—cockchafers (Melolontha melolontha, Coleoptera)—on nesting success of a monogamous long-distance migrant, the Lesser Gray Shrike (Lanius minor). In that species, cockchafers make up 88% of adult and 48% of nestling diet in years with cockchafer outbreaks. We compared timing of egg laying, clutch size, and fledging success in three years and chick development in two years with and without cockchafer outbreaks. In cockchafer years, laying date was advanced by about one day, clutch size increased by about one egg, and heavier chicks were produced. Fledging success, however, did not change (fledgling number in non-cockchafer years: 5.3 ± 0.2, 5.0 ± 0.2, and 4.0 ± 0.5; in cockchafer years: 4.1 ± 0.7, 5.4 ± 0.2, and 4.2 ± 0.5), because more eggs failed to hatch during cockchafer years. Thus, increased clutch size in periods of superabundant food do not always result in increased fledgling production. Limited incubation ability or intrinsic physical egg properties, resulting in inefficient incubation, are the most likely explanations for increased hatching failure in years of food superabundance in our study population of Lesser Gray Shrikes.


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