Genomic Analysis of Eimeria spp. Populations in Relation to Performance Levels of Broiler Chicken Farms in Arkansas and North Carolina

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Schwarz ◽  
Mark C. Jenkins ◽  
Spangler Klopp ◽  
Katarzyna B. Miska
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Eimeria Spp

Prevalence of Salmonella in Diverse Environmental Farm Samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRES RODRIGUEZ ◽  
PHILIPUS PANGLOLI ◽  
HAROLD A. RICHARDS ◽  
JOHN R. MOUNT ◽  
F. ANN DRAUGHON
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Farm Types ◽  
Production Facilities

The development of suitable intervention strategies to control Salmonella populations at the farm level requires reliable data on the occurrence and prevalence of the pathogen. Previous studies on Salmonella prevalence have focused on acquiring data from specific farm types and/or selected regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of this pathogen across a variety of farm types and regions in order to generate comparative data from a diverse group of environmental samples. Farm samples (n = 2,496) were collected quarterly from 18 different farms across five states (Tennessee, North Carolina, Alabama, California, and Washington) over a 24-month period. The participating farms included beef and dairy cattle operations, swine production and farrowing facilities, and poultry farms (both broiler chicken and turkey). The samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella by means of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual methods optimized for farm samples. Salmonella isolates were characterized by automated riboprinting. Salmonella serovars were recovered from 4.7% of all samples. The majority of positive findings were isolated from swine farms (57.3%). The occurrence of Salmonella was lower on dairy farms (17.9%), poultry farms (16.2%), and beef cattle farms (8.5%). The most commonly isolated serovar was Salmonella Anatum (48.4%), which was isolated notably more frequently than the next most common Salmonella serovars, Arizonae (12.1%) and Javiana (8.8%). The results of this study suggest that significant reservoirs of Salmonella populations still exist on swine production facilities and to a lesser extent in other animal production facilities. Data showed that the surrounding farm environment could be an important source of contamination.

scholarly journals A Proposed New Strain of Avian Picornavirus in Broiler Chicken from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceyla Maria Oeiras Castro ◽  
Elaine Hellen Nunes Chagas ◽  
Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra ◽  
Aline Farias Ribeiro ◽  
Sandro Patroca da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT A new strain of avian picornavirus was identified in fecal samples from broiler chickens in a commercial farm in the municipality of Benevides, Pará, Brazil. Genomic analysis showed it to have a nucleotide identity of 78.4% with the family Picornaviridae , genus Avisivirus, and species Avisivirus A , suggesting that this is a possible new strain within this species.

scholarly journals Control of eight predominant Eimeria spp. involved in economic coccidiosis of broiler chicken by a chemically characterized essential oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.K. Barbour ◽  
R.R. Bragg ◽  
G. Karrouf ◽  
A. Iyer ◽  
E. Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Eimeria Spp

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Control of eight predominant Eimeria spp. involved in economic coccidiosis of broiler chicken by a chemically characterized essential oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.K. Barbour ◽  
R.R. Bragg ◽  
G. Karrouf ◽  
A. Iyer ◽  
E. Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Eimeria Spp

scholarly journals Genome Dynamics and Molecular Infection Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pullorum Isolates Obtained from Broiler and Free-Range Chickens in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Qumar ◽  
Mohammad Majid ◽  
Narender Kumar ◽  
Sumeet K. Tiwari ◽  
Torsten Semmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Free Range

ABSTRACT Some life-threatening, foodborne, and zoonotic infections are transmitted through poultry birds. Inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has led to an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria with epidemic potential. Here, we present a functional molecular epidemiological analysis entailing the phenotypic and whole-genome sequence-based characterization of 11 H. pullorum isolates from broiler and free-range chickens sampled from retail wet markets in Hyderabad City, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed all of the isolates to be resistant to multiple antibiotic classes such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and macrolides. The isolates were also found to be extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers and were even resistant to clavulanic acid. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of five or six well-characterized antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding a resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump(s). Phylogenetic analysis combined with pan-genome analysis revealed a remarkable degree of genetic diversity among the isolates from free-range chickens; in contrast, a high degree of genetic similarity was observed among broiler chicken isolates. Comparative genomic analysis of all publicly available H. pullorum genomes, including our isolates (n = 16), together with the genomes of 17 other Helicobacter species, revealed a high number (8,560) of H. pullorum-specific protein-encoding genes, with an average of 535 such genes per isolate. In silico virulence screening identified 182 important virulence genes and also revealed high strain-specific gene content in isolates from free-range chickens (average, 34) compared to broiler chicken isolates. A significant prevalence of prophages (ranging from 1 to 9) and a significant presence of genomic islands (0 to 4) were observed in free-range and broiler chicken isolates. Taken together, these observations provide significant baseline data for functional molecular infection epidemiology of nonpyloric Helicobacter species such as H. pullorum by unraveling their evolution in chickens and their possible zoonotic transmission to humans. IMPORTANCE Globally, the poultry industry is expanding with an ever-growing consumer base for chicken meat. Given this, food-associated transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria represents an important health care issue. Our study involves a critical baseline approach directed at genome sequence-based epidemiology and transmission dynamics of H. pullorum, a poultry pathogen having established zoonotic potential. We believe our studies would facilitate the development of surveillance systems that ensure the safety of food for humans and guide public health policies related to the use of antibiotics in animal feed in countries such as India. We sequenced 11 new genomes of H. pullorum as a part of this study. These genomes would provide much value in addition to the ongoing comparative genomic studies of helicobacters.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from North Carolina Community Hospitals: Ongoing Circulation of CTX-M-Producing ST131-H30Rx and ST131-H30R1 Strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
Christian M. Parobek ◽  
Jonathan J. Juliano ◽  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Brian D. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poor Outcomes

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) predominates globally among multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate 63 MDR E. coli isolates from 7 North Carolina community hospitals (2010 to 2015). Of these, 39 (62%) represented ST131, including 37 (95%) from the ST131-H30R subclone: 10 (27%) from its H30R1 subset and 27 (69%) from its H30Rx subset. ST131 core genomes differed by a median of 15 (range, 0 to 490) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) overall versus only 7 within H30R1 (range, 3 to 12 SNVs) and 11 within H30Rx (range, 0 to 21). The four isolates with identical core genomes were all H30Rx. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics did not vary significantly by strain type, but many patients with MDR E. coli or H30Rx infection were critically ill and had poor outcomes. H30Rx isolates characteristically exhibited fluoroquinolone resistance and CTX-M-15 production, had a high prevalence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance (89%), sul1 (89%), and dfrA17 (85%), and were enriched for specific virulence traits, and all qualified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. The high overall prevalence of CTX-M-15 appeared to be possibly attributable to its association with the ST131-H30Rx subclone and IncF[F2:A1:B−] plasmids. Some phylogenetically clustered non-ST131 MDR E. coli isolates also had distinctive serotypes/fimH types, fluoroquinolone mutations, CTX-M variants, and IncF types. Thus, WGS analysis of our community hospital source MDR E. coli isolates suggested ongoing circulation and differentiation of E. coli ST131 subclones, with clonal segregation of CTX-M variants, other resistance genes, Inc-type plasmids, and virulence genes.

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