The holotype skull of Llistrofus pricei Carroll and Gaskill, 1978 (Microsauria: Hapsidopareiontidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bolt ◽  
Olivier Rieppel
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal View ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
The U.S

The Hapsidopareiontidae are microsaurian amphibians known only from the Lower Permian of the U.S. The hapsidopareiontid skull has a large temporal embayment that occupies most of the area of the cheek, in which the quadratojugal is either absent (Hapsidopareion) or present and greatly reduced (Llistrofus). the unique holotype skull of Llistrofus pricei is well preserved in soft clay. It was originally prepared and described in dorsal view only, but has now been prepared completely free of the matrix. This permitted the first description of the palate, occiput and mandible along with a redescription of the rest of the skull, resulting in substantial emendation of previously published descriptions. Comparison with the eight known complete and partial skulls of Hapsidopareion lepton demonstrates that the two genera are much more similar than had been recognized earlier. Their continued separation is advocated, however, based on size difference, a small number of osteological differences, and the difficulty of obtaining comparably detailed morphological information for Hapsidopareion, which is less well preserved than the Llistrofus specimen. the new morphological information, combined with results of recently published cladistic analyses, suggests that Hapsidopareion and Llistrofus are the only microsaurs that can at present be assigned to the Hapsidopareiontidae. the large temporal embayment of hapsidopareiontids might be thought to have significant functional implications, possibly including “escape” of jaw adductor musculature onto the skull roof. Detailed consideration of this possibility reveals morphological evidence to the contrary, however, and the functional implications of the embayment remain uncertain.

Morphological evidence for paraphyly of Holopothrips Hood (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing thrips

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Mariana F. Lindner ◽  
Augusto Ferrari ◽  
Adriano Cavalleri
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Evolutionary Story

Abstract Holopothrips is a diverse group of thrips associated to galls in the Neotropics, with a variety of host plants and wide morphological diversity. Relationships to other Neotropical groups have been proposed, but are still untested, and the monophyly of the genus remains doubtful. Here, we perform a phylogenetic analysis of Holopothrips, based on morphological characters. A total of 87 species were included in the matrix and eight analyses were carried out, but all of them failed to recover Holopothrips as a monophyletic grouping. Bremer and Bootstrap support values were low, and the topologies varied among all analyses, with uncertain internal relations for the ingroup. These results indicate that the relationships for Holopothrips species, and the proposed related genera, are more complex than previously reported; and morphological characters may not be enough to recover the evolutionary story within this group. We also discuss the influences of different character coding, continuous characters and weighting schemes in our results.

An assessment of the phylogeny of the Branchiobdellida (Annelida: Clitellata), using PAUP

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Gelder ◽  
R. O. Brinkhurst
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Analyses using PAUP (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony) were conducted on a matrix of 24 taxa and 26 characters. The taxa included generalised descriptions of a haplotaxid and a lumbriculid oligochaete as outgroups with a hypothetical branchiobdellidan ancestor and 21 genera as ingroups. The branchiobdellidan taxon is a monophyly, and using anatomical characters only, is composed of three suprageneric assemblages. The taxonomic rank of the taxon and assemblages cannot be determined until they have been compared with cladistic analyses on other closely related clitellate groups. In the meantime the currently accepted ordinal rank of Branchiobdellida and the major branchiobdellidan families should continue to be used, with the latter reflecting the assemblages of the genera in our analyses: Branchiobdellidae (including Holtodrilus n.gen., Sinodrilus n.gen., and Xironodrilus), Bdellodrilidae (including Caridinophila and Hidejiodrilus n.gen.), and Cambarincolidae. An analysis with two zoogeographical characters in the matrix caused the genera to be divided into their respective North American and Eurasian groups; however, the North American Triannulata appeared constantly in the latter group. The genera in the Branchiobdellidae, as defined by us, are found in both geographical regions, and predictably the assemblage was split in two.

BIOTECON Diagnostics foodproof®E. coli O157 Detection Kit, 5′ Nuclease for E. coli O157 in Combination with foodproof ShortPrep II Kit

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1846-1852
Author(s):  
Benjamin Junge ◽  
Cordt Grönewald ◽  
Kornelia Berghof-Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The method describes the detection of Escherichia coli O157 in food. The method is based on real-time PCR using hydrolysis probes (5′ Nuclease). This advanced PCR method was designed to reduce the time necessary to achieve results from PCR reactions and enable the user to monitor the amplification of the PCR product simultaneously in real time. After DNA isolation using the BIOTECON foodproof® ShortPrep II Kit designed for the rapid preparation of E. coli O157 DNA for direct use in PCR, the real-time detection of E. coli O157 DNA is carried out using the foodproof E. coli O157 Detection Kit. The kit provides primers and hydrolysis probes for sequence-specific detection, convenient premixed reagents, and controls for reliable interpretation of results. For repeatability studies three different foods (egg salad, large bockwurst/frankfurter, and apple juice) were analyzed, chosen from the 15 food groups recommended by the AOAC Research Institute for E. coli O157 detection. From each food, 20 samples were inoculated with a low level (1–10 CFU/25 g) and 20 samples with a high level (10–50 CFU/25 g) of E. coli O157. Additionally, five nonspiked samples were prepared from each food. Depending on the matrix, the food samples were examined with the test kits and compared with the cultural methods according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual or the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook.

Phylogeny and classification of the tribe Calopterini (Coleoptera, Lycidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milada Bocakova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

AbstractThe phylogeny of lycid tribe Calopterini is examined in the light of adult morphological evidence. Representatives from each of the Calopterini genus - group taxa and genera Dictyoptera, Lygistopterus, Conderis, Plateros, and Lycus are examined. An investigation of Calopterini phylogeny is presented here, based on 33 characters and 24 supraspecific terminal taxa, representing genera whose monophyly was implicitly assumed. Four cladistic analyses were performed with equal and successive weights and multistate characters treated as additive and non-additive, respectively. The preferred hypothesis, a strict consensus tree generated using successive weighting and unordered characters yields the scheme of relationships (Eurrhacina + (Calopterina + (Cyrtopteron + Mesopteron + Falsocaenia + Acroleptina))). On the basis of these results, two new subtribes Eurrhacina and Acroleptina are proposed.

The Validation of the MEMP Salmonella Assay: AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM 042002

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lonczynski ◽  
Laura Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Swab Sample ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Environmental Surface ◽  
One Year ◽  
Salmonella Assay ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background: The Molecular Environmental Monitoring Program (MEMP) Salmonella Assay is a quick and reliable method for detecting Salmonella species in environmental samples. The assay incorporates a real-time PCR approach to identifying Salmonella cells expressed from the swab sample. The assay does not require an enrichment step, leading to much faster time to a negative result. Objective: This report details the method validation study to validate the MEMP using environmental surface swabs for stainless steel, plastic, rubber, ceramic tile, and sealed concrete. Methods: Matrix studies, inclusivity/exclusivity, product consistency and stability, and robustness testing were conducted to assess the method’s performance. In the matrix studies, this method was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 5 for environmental surface sponges and swabs. Results: Inclusivity/exclusivity testing showed that this assay was able to detect all 100 Salmonella strains tested while excluding the 30 non-Salmonella species. There were no statistically significant differences found between the candidate and reference methods. Small variations in critical test parameters (volume of extraction reagent and volume of extracted DNA sample) did not adversely affect the assay’s performance, and stability testing indicated consistent results for at least one year. Conclusions: The data presented in this report show that the candidate method performed as well as the reference method; therefore, it can be used in place of the reference method for detecting Salmonella species. Highlights: The MEMP Salmonella Assay is the first and only AOAC PTM approved method for detecting Salmonella on surfaces without enrichment.

Hydraulic modelling of sewage exfiltration

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Karpf ◽  
Jens Traenckner ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Matrix Potential ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sewer Networks ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Exfiltration of waste water in sewer networks represents a potential danger for the soil and the aquifer. Various modelling approaches have been proposed to quantify sewerage exfiltration and its spatial and temporal variation. Common models are based on the law of Darcy, extended by a more or less detailed consideration of the expansion of leaks, the characteristics of the soil and the colmation layer. In the paper investigations are introduced, which are focused on the actual water content of the soil and its influence on exfiltration rates. Modelling results with HYDRUS 1D show, that under unsaturated conditions initial exfiltration rates are increased compared to saturated conditions. In experiments it was found, that the matrix potential increases the tightness of the colmation layer. Further a colmation model was deduced, which allows the calculation of the thickness and conductivity of the colmation layer.

The Persistence of Pardons and the End of Attainder

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118
Author(s):  
Matthew Norton
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Moral System ◽  
The U.S

AbstractPardons are a well-known form of lawful but extrajudicial power over criminal classifications. They are still in regular use in rule of law regimes around the world. Attainder is the less well-known power to condemn via a legislative rather than a judicial act. Despite their structural similarities, pardon and attainder have exhibited divergent trajectories. One is ubiquitous, the other extinct. Focusing on the divergent trajectories of pardon and attainder during the framing of the U.S. Constitution and thereafter, the article advances an explanation for these phenomena based on asymmetries in the relational facts linking pardon and attainder to other thick moral constructs that constituted the moral system of the framers and their successors. Those facts mattered in their own right, but it was in light of the matrix of founding era moral interpretations that the framers grasped and institutionalized their significance.

BIOTECON Diagnostics foodproof®Listeria monocytogenes Detection Kit, 5′ Nuclease in Combination with the foodproof ShortPrep II Kit

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Junge ◽  
Cordt Grönewald ◽  
Kornelia Berghof-Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A method was developed for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food. The method is based on real-time PCR using hydrolysis probes (5′ Nuclease). This advanced PCR method was designed to reduce the time necessary to achieve results from PCR reactions and to enable the user to monitor the amplification of the PCR product simultaneously, in real-time. After DNA isolation using the BIOTECON food proof® ShortPrep II Kit designed for the rapid preparation of L. monocytogenes DNA for direct use in PCR, the real- time detection of L. monocytogenes DNA is carried out using the food proof Listeria monocytogenes Detection Kit. The kit provides primers and hydrolysis probes for sequence-specific detection, convenient premixed reagents, and controls for reliable interpretation of results. For the internal comparison study, three different foods (soft cheese, coalfish, and smoked ham) were analyzed, chosen from the 15 food groups recommended by the AOAC Research Institute for detection of L. monocytogenes. From each food, 20 samples were inoculated with a low level (1–10 CFU/25 g) and 20 samples with a high level (10–50 CFU/25 g) of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, five nonspiked samples were prepared from each food. Depending on the matrix, the food samples were examined with the test kits and compared with the cultural methods according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual or the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook.

UNMODIFIED LDH AS REINFORCING FILLER FOR XNBR AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLAME-RETARDANT ELASTOMER COMPOSITES

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdipta Basu ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
Jinu Jacob George ◽  
De-Yi Wang ◽  
Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Difference ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
Double Hydroxides

ABSTRACT Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), inorganic clay materials with mixed metals present in the structure along with some interlayer cations, have immense potential for use as a filler in rubbers. We report the preparation and properties of a set of novel nanocomposites consisting of a LDH dispersed in carboxylic–acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (XNBR). We succeed in obtaining significantly improved physical properties by altering the chemical structure of a LDH with Zn and Al ions (Zn-Al LDH). In particular, we discover a significant reinforcing effect. This occurs despite the size difference between the LDH and traditional reinforcing fillers such as precipitated silica and carbon black. Both the elastic modulus and tensile strength increase. This increase is a function of the LDH concentration and, reaches a maximum value when the LDH concentration is at 100 phr. Experimental evidence suggests that this reinforcing effect is due to direct ion-to-ion interaction between the filler and the matrix. In addition, we report that the presence of the nanofiller positively affects the flame retardence and thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites. We attribute this effect to the presence of a layer formed by the nanofiller.

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