THE LIVER AND THE FEEDBACK ACTION OF OVARIAN HORMONES IN THE IMMATURE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. DONOVAN ◽  
MARY C. O'KEEFFE
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY (1) The structure and function of ovarian autotransplants made to the spleen and kidney were compared in order to measure the ability of the liver to inactivate ovarian hormones at different ages in the rat. (2) In the immature rat the data from the uterine weights indicated that little or no hepatic inactivation of gonadal hormone occurred since grafts to the spleen or kidney were equally capable of maintaining normal uterine growth. (3) With increasing age, the liver appeared to develop the ability to inactivate ovarian hormones; this capacity was reflected by the difference in the uterine weights of animals bearing ovarian tissue in the kidney as opposed to those in the spleen. (4) The ability of the liver to metabolize ovarian hormones appeared to develop to a significant degree at about the time of puberty.

Strategies for Oral Delivery of Metal-Saturated Lactoferrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski ◽  
Klaudyna Śpiewak-Wojtyła ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Lactoferrin was isolated and purified for the first time over 50-years ago. Since then, extensive studies on the structure and function of this protein have been performed and the research is still being continued. In this mini-review we focus on presenting recent scientific efforts towards the elucidation of the role and therapeutic potential of lactoferrin saturated with iron(III) or manganese(III) ions. The difference in biological activity of metal-saturated lactoferrin vs. the unmetalated one is emphasized. The strategies for oral delivery of lactoferrin, are also reviewed, with particular attention to the metalated protein.

Intra-uterine growth restriction induced by maternal low-protein diet causes long-term alterations of thymic structure and function in adult male rat offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Armengaud ◽  
Zelie Dennebouy ◽  
Danny Labes ◽  
Catherine Fumey ◽  
Anne Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Adult Male Rat ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction ◽  
And Function

AbstractEarly malnutrition, the first environmental cause of intra-uterine growth restriction, impairs development of the thymus. Alterations of the thymic structure and function are reported at young ages in murine and ovine models. However, descriptions of thymic consequences of fetal malnutrition at adulthood are scarce. The present study investigates thymic structure, protein expression and cell selection process observed at postnatal day 180 (PND180) in male offspring of rats exposed to maternal low-protein diet (mLPD) compared with control diet during gestation. The thymic index was lower in adult offspring exposed to mLPD (P < 0·05). The thymic cortico-medullar ratio was lower in adult offspring exposed to mLPD (P < 0·05). At PND180, the protein expression of the lymphotoxin β receptor (P < 0·05), the autoimmune regulator (P < 0·05) and Forkhead Box P3 (FoxP3; P < 0·05) was all significantly lower in the mLPD group. The CD4+:CD8+ single-positive thymocyte subpopulation ratio and CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation ratio were increased in the mLPD group (P < 0·05). Among CD3+ lymphocytes, the proportions of CD4+CD8+ double-positive lymphocytes, CD31+ recent thymic emigrants and CD4+FoxP3+ lymphocytes were not significantly different between mLPD and control groups. These findings suggest mLPD during gestation induced long-lasting alterations in the development of thymic structure and thymic cell maturation and selection process in adult male rat offspring.

THE FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF OVARIAN TISSUE TRANSPLANTED TO THE SPLEEN OR KIDNEY IN THE FERRET

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Ovarian tissue was autografted to the spleen or kidney of spayed anoestrous or oestrous ferrets to see whether inactivation of ovarian hormones occurred in the liver and to examine the feedback action of gonadal hormones on gonadotrophin secretion. Although the grafts survived in both sites as did homografts made in anoestrous females, the secretion of gonadal hormones was sufficient to cause oestrus only in a minority of animals and there was little difference in the function of grafts made to the spleen or kidney. Vulval swelling and uterine growth were caused by pellets of oestradiol inserted into the spleen so that it appears that this steroid can pass through the liver without loss of oestrogenic activity. It is concluded that little inactivation of gonadal steroids by the liver of the ferret takes place.

Stomatal Development in Etiolated Vicia faba: Relationship Between Structure and Function

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
And Function

In V. faba plants grown in the dark, the following pattern of stomatal development was observed: (1) stomatal differentiation occurs simultaneously on all areas of the young leaf; (2) at a certain point (about 10 days of growth in the dark) differentiation ceases but maturation of stomata continues; (3) there is no difference in the pattern or time of development of stomata on the outermost or innermost leaf of the leaf group; (4) plastids of mature dark-grown stomata contain starch but plastids of immature stomata do not. When plants of different ages are brought from the dark into the light, stomata of older plants achieve physiological competence in a shorter time than do stomata of younger plants.

Integrating Structure and Function in Conceptualizing and Assessing Pathological Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Aleksandra Kaurin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Integrate Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (5th Edition) Alternative Model of Personality Disorders includes a dimensional trait model to describe individual differences in the manifestation of personality pathology. Empirically derived quantitative trait models of psychopathology address many of the structural problems of classical diagnostic schemes (e.g., non-binary distributions, excessive comorbidity, diagnostic heterogeneity). However, they are largely based on the structure of individual differences in the manifestation of psychopathology. In contrast, clinical theories of personality disorder, which are the foundation of intervention efforts, are based on the function of maladaptive behavior. This distinction is akin to the difference between morphology and physiology in the broader biological sciences. A structure-function divide in the focus of empirical and clinical work contributes to a lack of integration and difficulties with translation. Here we discuss this tension and argue for the need bridge this divide and adopt research efforts that integrate structure and function of personality traits. Specifically, we suggest that between-person structure identifies the principal domains of functioning, but to understand dysfunction personality must be conceptualized and studied as an ensemble of contextualized dynamic processes.

scholarly journals Identification of a Helix-Turn-Helix Motif of Bacillus thermoglucosidasius HrcA Essential for Binding to the CIRCE Element and Thermostability of the HrcA-CIRCE Complex, Indicating a Role as a Thermosensor

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Hitomi ◽  
Hiroshi Nishimura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tsujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Matsui ◽  
Kunihiko Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Repressor Proteins ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bacillus Thermoglucosidasius ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT In the heat shock response of bacillary cells, HrcA repressor proteins negatively control the expression of the major heat shock genes, the groE and dnaK operons, by binding the CIRCE (controlling inverted repeat of chaperone expression) element. Studies on two critical but yet unresolved issues related to the structure and function of HrcA were performed using mainly the HrcA from the obligate thermophile Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KP1006. These two critical issues are (i) identifying the region at which HrcA binds to the CIRCE element and (ii) determining whether HrcA can play the role of a thermosensor. We identified the position of a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif in B. thermoglucosidasius HrcA, which is typical of DNA-binding proteins, and indicated that two residues in the HTH motif are crucial for the binding of HrcA to the CIRCE element. Furthermore, we compared the thermostabilities of the HrcA-CIRCE complexes derived from Bacillus subtilis and B. thermoglucosidasius, which grow at vastly different ranges of temperature. The thermostability profiles of their HrcA-CIRCE complexes were quite consistent with the difference in the growth temperatures of B. thermoglucosidasius and B. subtilis and, thus, suggested that HrcA can function as a thermosensor to detect temperature changes in cells.

scholarly journals Placental alterations in structure and function in intra-uterine growth-retarded horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Robles ◽  
P. M. Peugnet ◽  
S. A. Valentino ◽  
C. Dubois ◽  
M. Dahirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
And Function
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