PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY IN THE MOUSE: THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS AND FOETO-PLACENTAL UNITS

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN M. BARLOW ◽  
P. J. MORRISON ◽  
F. M. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Rapid Fall

SUMMARY Plasma corticosterone levels were measured throughout pregnancy and on the first day post partum in the mouse. During the first half of pregnancy plasma corticosterone levels rose from the non-pregnant value of 2·3 μg/100ml to 15·2 μg/100 ml on day 10. During the second half of pregnancy there was a sharp rise, levels reaching a peak of 138·3 μg/100ml on day 16. Following parturition there was a rapid fall to 18·3 μg/100 ml on the morning of the first day post partum. Adrenalectomy on day 15 resulted in an 80% fall in plasma corticosterone levels indicating that most of the steroid was of adrenal origin. The remaining portion of the corticosterone was found to be of foeto-placental origin, and in the chronically adrenalectomized animal this source was capable of maintaining high blood levels of corticosterone (67 μg/100 ml). The foeto-placental unit also provides the main secretory stimulus to the adrenal gland, but the mechanism by which it does this is not understood.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN THE PLASMA AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE GUINEA-PIG FROM BIRTH TO WEANING

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Very High

SUMMARY Concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone in the plasma and adrenal glands of male and female guinea-pigs were estimated throughout the first postnatal day and thereafter at intervals up to 3 weeks of age. In the guinea-pig, the basal level of cortisol secretion is established more slowly than in other species. The concentration of plasma cortisol is very high at birth, with a marked fall between days 1 and 10 post partum and then a steady level from day 10 to 20, the time of weaning. At day 10 the values for plasma cortisol and corticosterone approach the lower ones found in the adult. There were peaks in the amounts of corticosteroids found in the adrenal gland at 50 h, 4 and 7 days and these may have been due to increased hormonal synthesis between days 2 and 8.

Relationship between plasma corticosterone and adrenal epinephrine after diazepam treatment in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Chabot ◽  
Yves Brissette ◽  
André L. Gascon
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Epinephrine Administration ◽  
Linear Dose ◽  
Increased Activity

Following recent observations that diazepam treatment increases adrenal epinephrine in rats, we were interested in studying the possible mechanisms of this action of diazepam on rat adrenal glands. All diazepam treatments studied (1–25 mg∙kg−1∙day−1 for 10 days) led to an increase in adrenal epinephrine following a linear dose–effect relationship. Since epinephrine synthesis is under neuronal and humoral controls, we investigated their respective importance in the effect of diazepam on the adrenal gland. The denervation of the adrenal gland did not prevent the increase in adrenal epinephrine by diazepam treatment. On the other hand, diazepam treatment was shown to cause an increase in plasma corticosterone in parallel with an increase in adrenal epinephrine. Administration of dexamethasone (a synthetic corticoid) and hypophysectomy prevented the increase in adrenal epinephrine and plasma corticosterone resulting from diazepam treatment. We thus conclude that the increase in adrenal epinephrine seen after diazepam treatment is parallel to the increase in plasma corticosterone. Moreover, since the action of diazepam on adrenal epinephrine is prevented by dexamethasone or hypophysectomy, we hypothesize that diazepam is acting on the adrenal cortex via the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH and corticosterone would be responsible for the increased activity of epinephrine-synthesizing enzymes in adrenal medulla.

Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

UTILIZATION OF [26-14C]CHOLESTEROL BY HUMAN FOETAL ADRENAL GLANDS IN VITRO

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GUNASEGARAM ◽  
K. L. PEH ◽  
P. C. T. CHEW ◽  
S. M. M. KARIM ◽  
S. S. RATNAM
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Perfusion Studies

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Singapore, Kandang Kerbau Hospitalfor Women, Singapore 8, Republic of Singapore (Received 3 May 1978) From the previous studies of Bloch & Benirschke (1959, 1962) and Plotz, Kabara, Davis, LeRoy & Gould (1968) it appears that at mid-term, human foetal adrenal glands are capable of synthesizing C21- and C19-steroids de novo from acetate and cholesterol. Villee, Engel, Loring & Villee (1961), however, incubated slices and homogenates of foetal adrenal gland with [2-14C]acetate or [4-14C]cholesterol and could not demonstrate the incorporation of radioactivity into these steroids. Moreover, perfusion studies by three groups of investigators indicated only minute conversions of the same radioactive substrates into neutral steroids in the foetal adrenal glands (Solomon, Bird, Ling, Iwamiya & Young, 1967; Telegdy, Weeks, Archer, Wiqvist & Diczfalusy, 1970a; Telegdy, Weeks, Lerner, Stakemann & Diczfalusy, 1970b). It is widely believed that steroid hormones are normally synthesized from acetate via

scholarly journals Specificity of action of adrenocorticotrophin in vitro on ascorbate transport in rat adrenal glands

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clayman ◽  
D. Tsang ◽  
A. F. De Nicola ◽  
R. M. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Ascorbate Transport

The inhibition of ascorbate transport by rat adrenal quarters in response to steroidogenesis in vitro was shown to be highly specific with respect to tissue, substrate and steroidogenic agent. The transport system in vitro is capable of net accumulation of ascorbate. The evidence is consistent with the conclusion that ascorbate `depletion' in the adrenal gland is due to a specific block by corticoids of the uptake of ascorbate.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATION ON ADRENAL GLAND OF MALE ALBINO RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Gupta ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
Prateek Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

Introduction: The tremendous growth in telecommunication world has increased the number of mobile phone users to many folds. The benefits of cell phones are just half the picture. The other half may be a darker one. The main aim of this study is to observe the effect of electromagnetic radiation being emitted by mobile phones on adrenal gland microanatomy and the hormones released by the gland on male albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty-two male albino rats of Spargue-Dawley species were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group rats were exposed to mobile phone radiation operating at 900 MHz while the control group rats were not. At the end of every two months, seven rats were sacrificed to analyse histological and hormonal changes. Results: No changes were seen at the cellular level of the adrenal glands even after six months of radiation exposure. Hormonal assay showed a variation in the cortisol levels of the rats but the changes were within normal range. Conclusions: Lack of appreciable changes in the cellular morphology and hormonal levels even after six months of radiation exposure signify that the adrenal glands are not affected by exposure to mobile phones.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the adrenal gland of paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) in captivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Sérgio Pinter Garcia Filho ◽  
Leandro Luis Martins ◽  
Paulo Fernandes Marcusso ◽  
Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara ◽  
Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Lateral Incision ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized rodent that belongs to the Brazilian fauna. Yet little information on its morphology is found in the specialized literature. Thus, the objective of the work was to study the morphology of the adrenal gland of paca by means of microscopic ultrastructure analysis. The adrenal gland secretes specialized substances in the body which promote biological functions of great importance and will provide valuable information to studies in comparative anatomy. Two (2) adult lowland pacas were used, male and female. Soon after death, the animals were positioned in the supine position; their abdominal cavities were opened by pre-retro umbilical and lateral incision followed by folding of the abdominal walls to expose the glands. The adrenal glands were removed; fragments were collected, fixed and prepared for ultrastructure observations using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the adrenal glands of the paca have divisions as well as the limits of the cortical and medullary region, as well as the subdivisions of the glomerulosa, fasciculated and reticulated areas of the cortical region as in other rodents. An ultrastructure of cells and their components also showed a lot of similarity to that already demonstrated in different rodents.

scholarly journals Value of Radiomics Features From Adrenal Gland and Periadrenal Fat in CT Images for Predicting COVID-19 Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudan zhang ◽  
Xuntao Yin ◽  
Wuchao Li ◽  
Yan Zha ◽  
Xianchun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Threshold Probability ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Test Sets

Abstract Background: Endocrine system plays an important role in infectious disease prognosis. Our goal is to assess the value of radiomics features extracted from adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images in predicting disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 1,325 patients (765 moderate and 560 severe patients) from three centers were enrolled in the retrospective study. We proposed a 3D cascade V-Net to automatically segment adrenal glands in onset CT images. Periadrenal fat areas were obtained using inflation operations. Then, the radiomics features were automatically extracted. Five models were established to predict the disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a clinical model (CM), three radiomics models (adrenal gland model [AM], periadrenal fat model [PM], fusion of adrenal gland and periadrenal fat model [FM]), and a radiomics nomogram model (RN).Data from one center (1,183 patients) were utilized as training and validation sets. The remaining two (36 and 106 patients) were used as 2 independent test sets to evaluate the models’ performance. Results: The auto-segmentation framework achieved an average dice of 0.79 in the test set. CM, AM, PM, FM, and RN obtained AUCs of 0.716, 0.755, 0.796, 0.828, and 0.825, respectively in the training set, and the mean AUCs of 0.754, 0.709, 0.672, 0.706 and 0.778 for 2 independent test sets. Decision curve analysis showed that if the threshold probability was more than 0.3, 0.5, and 0.1 in the validation set, the independent-test set 1 and the independent-test set 2 could gain more net benefits using RN than FM and CM, respectively. Conclusion: Radiomics features extracted from CT images of adrenal glands and periadrenal fat are related to disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19 and have great potential for predicting its severity.

scholarly journals Morphological features of primary cultures of adrenal cells of neonatal animals of different species

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Primary Cell Cultures

The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland, which in the process of organogenesis is formed from ecto- and mesoderm derivatives. The mechanisms that make cell types of different origins unite, migration routes, and cell interactions are still not fully understood. One of the tools for studying these mechanisms is the primary cell culture obtained from the adrenal gland. The aim of our work was to compare the morphological features of primary cell cultures of model animals belonging to different orders – pigs, rabbits and mice in vitro under various cultivation conditions (growth surface pattern, presence of growth factors), as well as developing methodological approaches for obtaining and maintaining primary cultures of adrenal cell of neonatal animals. Cultivation was performed under standard conditions of temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, on culture surfaces with normal and reduced adhesiveness in a nutrient medium DMEM enriched with 10% fetal calf serum (FTS) or growth supplements B-27 and FGF. It was established that cell cultures of adrenal neonatal rabbits and piglets that were cultured under conditions of normal adhesion and using FCS had a heterogeneous composition, and were presented as a monolayer consisting of cells of several morphological types, and multicellular spheroids (MS). When cultivated on the surface with reduced adhesive properties in cultures of adrenal glands of piglets and rabbits, a cell monolayer was not formed, but flotation MCs were formed. After transferring MCs of both species to the adhesive culture surface on day 14, cell eviction, their migration from the MCs and formation of a monolayer are observed. Similar stages in the development of primary cell cultures derived from rabbits and piglets suggest the existence of a universal cellular composition in the neonatal adrenal glands of these species and allow applying the same approaches to the primary cultures derived from them. Unlike other studied species, monolayer and MS formation does not occur in cell cultures of mouse neonatal adrenal glands. Cultures consist of single attached and floating cells and small cell aggregates.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN ON THE NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM OF THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. IMRIE ◽  
T. R. RAMAIAH ◽  
F. ANTONI ◽  
W. C. HUTCHISON
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Rna And Dna

SUMMARY Treatment of female rats with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) increased the RNA content of the adrenal glands progressively during a period of 3 days, the DNA content increased only after prolonged administration. By contrast, ACTH caused a decrease in the uptake of [32P]orthophosphate into the total RNA of the gland and into most of the RNA fractions of the subcellular components. A method of analysis for RNA and DNA based on the Schmidt-Thannhauser procedure has been evolved which eliminates extraction of nucleic acid by lipid solvents.

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