CHANGES IN THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS AND GENITAL TRACT OF CRYPTORCHID RATS: SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. M. PEREIRA ◽  
ZULEIKA P. PICARELLI ◽  
H. HAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

It has been confirmed that cryptorchidism may affect the control mechanism of gonadotrophin secretion. This has been based on morphological aspects of the adenohypophysis of cryptorchid rats which have shown an increase in basophilic and vacuolated basophilic cells, an increase known to be related to the production of gonadotrophin. The morphological alterations observed in the testes, prostates, seminal vesicles and ductus deferentes of these cryptorchid animals, the quiescence and the responses of their seminal vesicles and ductus deferentes to sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drugs indicated that these cryptorchid animals may be somewhere between normal and castrated rats, although not equidistant from either. Comparison of wet weights and of occurrence of spontaneous contractions, and determination of drug parameters in seminal vesicles and ductus deferentes taken from normal, castrated or cryptorchid rats, suggested that the development and the spontaneous or the pharmacological responses of male accessory organs of reproduction are independent phenomena.

scholarly journals Determination of organ size: a need to focus on growth rate, not size

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4-5-6) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Carmen M.A. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Correct Size

The regulation of growth and the determination of organ-size in animals is an area of research that has received much attention during the past two and a half decades. Classic regeneration and cell-competition studies performed during the last century suggested that for size to be determined, organ-size is sensed and this sense of size feeds back into the growth control mechanism such that growth stops at the “correct” size. Recent work using Drosophila imaginal discs as a system has provided a particularly detailed cellular and molecular understanding of growth. Yet, a clear mechanistic basis for size-sensing has not emerged. I re-examine these studies from a different perspective and ask whether there is scope for alternate modes of size control in which size does not need to be sensed.

scholarly journals The Ability of Honey Bee Drones to Ejaculate

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Czekońska ◽  
Bożena Chuda-Mickiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Delayed Development

Abstract The effectiveness of two methods of collecting semen from honeybee Apis mellifera drones was compared, and the reasons for problems with ejaculating semen were analysed. Among 275 drones, 100 were stimulated to release semen using a manual method, 100 with the use of chloroform, and from 75 drones the reproductive organs were dissected for analysis and evaluation. It was found that the principal causes of problems that drones had with ejaculating their semen were anatomical changes or a delay in the development of the mucus glands. It was also found that the method employing chloroform was less efficient in the first phase of eversion of the endophallus, compared with the manual method. The method with the use of chloroform allows the determination of the proportion of drones, which do not evert the endophallus because of poor or delayed development of mucus glands, as well as the proportion of drones which evert the organ, but do not ejaculate semen because of the absence of semen in the seminal vesicles.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF DETERMINATION OF PARENCHYMAL ORGANS DISTURBANCES DURING ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Strahinja ĆIBIĆ ◽  
Miloš PAVLOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Follicular Cyst ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Invasive Method

Ultrasound Real time 2D diagnostics, being an available and non-invasive method, issuccessfully used in human medicine, veterinary medicine and biology to diagnose bothphysiological and pathological conditions. In the case of small animals, the ultrasound is often usedto diagnose gravidity, number, size and vitality of fetuses as well as to diagnose pathologicalconditions present in the genital tract, and is also used to examine testicles and prostate of maleanimals. Today's advanced use of the ultrasound diagnostics provides us with an opportunity todetect numerous pathological conditions of reproductive tract of both female and male animals, andthose conditions directly affect health status of other internal organs. The aim of this study is todiagnose primary genital tract disorders using the ultrasound diagnostics, as well as proving itsconnection to the changes in parenchymal organs. The ultrasound examination was performed onthe total of 12 dogs, 6 male and 6 female dogs. Ovaries, uterus and the organs in the abdominal areawere examined using a transducer ranging from 5 to 8 MHz. A transducer of 7.5 MHz was used toexamine prostates and testicles. The patients were in dorsal position. Three out of six examined maledogs exhibited changes on their prostates, and the remaining one had a tumor on the testicles. Cystitisand hyperplasia of prostate were also found upon the examination of these dogs. One out of sixexamined female dogs, had cystic endometrial hyperplasia, three of them had pyometra, and one ofthem was diagnosed with an follicular cyst. In addition to these pathological conditions, changeswere noticed in the liver and pancreas. Along with the detection of primary changes in the genitaltract of both male and female animals, the ultrasound diagnostics can be used to discover consequentchanges in parenchymal organs.

scholarly journals Morphologic aspects of the genital tract from Nellore cows undergoing gynecological screening to insertion in the fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) program

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
R. Mello ◽  
M. Mello ◽  
M. Abidu-Figueiredo ◽  
P. Scherer ◽  
H. Palhano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rectal Palpation

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the genital tract from 98 Nellore cows by rectal palpation and combine them with the functional aspects for inclusion in a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) program. Methods: Were evaluated the ovaries, cervix and vulva, as well as the body condition score (BCS scale 1-5). Results: In relation to the ovaries, there were palpable structures found in 51 (17 CL and 34 FL) in the rights ovarian and 37 palpable structures (06 CL and 31 FL) in the left ovary. Asymmetry was found in 17.3% and uterine cervicitis in 20.4% of examined females. Changes were noted in vulva in 51.0% (40 to 10 papules and hyperemia) and the average of BCS was 3.15. On the basis of morphological aspects founded, 29 females with an average of BCS 2.7 and 01 with metritis were excluded and 07 (BCS-3, 5) inseminated immediately after the exam, with 61 included in the TAI program. These data support the conclusion that of all ovulations occurred, characterized by the presence of CL, most occurred in the right ovary (73.9%). The prevalence rate (51%) of vulvar aspects found, indicate a need for research of reproductive diseases in their flock. Conclusion: The BCS may impacts on the cyclicity and in the pregnancy rate of females included in the program.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN FORCE-FED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH CORTISONE AND/OR INSULIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell ◽  
Lennart Angervall
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied in force-fed hypophysectomized castrated adrenalectomized rats following daily injections for fourteen days of protamine zinc insulin or cortisone acetate alone or in combination. Cortisone was given in daily doses of 3 mg and insulin was administered in increasing daily doses of protamine zinc insulin up to 8 IU. Cortisone alone induced slight histological stimulation of the epithelium of the coagulating glands, while no stimulation was demonstrated in the other accessory reproductive organs. After insulin alone the weight of the accessory reproductive organs was slightly increased but no stimulation was demonstrated histologically. Cortisone and insulin given in combination induced distinct signs of stimulation of all the accessory reproductive organs as assesed by histological examination and weight determination of the organs. The results indicate that in the rat the growth stimulating effect of cortisone on the male accessory reproductive organs is markedly decreased or abolished in the absence of the anterior pituitary. Insulin can act synergistically with cortisone in promoting the growth of the accessory reproductive organs through effects which are not dependent on the presence of the adrenal glands or the anterior pituitary.

Redescription of Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) using SEM, life cycle and damage caused to leaves and fruits of Olea europaea cv. arauco in La Rioja province, northwestern Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2003-2017
Author(s):  
Leiva Sergio ◽  
Moraes Gilberto J. De
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Damages produced by eriophyid mites to Olea europaea subsp. europaea cv. arauco have been known for many years. In a previous publication, the presence of Aceria oleae (Nalepa) and Oxycenus maxwelli, (Keifer) in Argentina was reported, but the species was not definitively identified. In the past five years, damage caused by this mite to leaves, flowers and fruits in many production areas was very high, leading to the need for further investigations about this mite, the most numerous mite species on this plant in Argentina. The present paper is divided in three parts: a) a morphological characterization of A. oleae based on specimens collected in Argentina, with the use of SEM; b) a study of its life cycle; and c) an illustration of its damage to leaves and fruits. The morphological study led to the confirmation of the identity of the species and to the determination of morphological aspects not previously mentioned in the literature. Life cycle and damage were observed to be similar to what has been previously mentioned in the literature for the same mite in other countries.

Multiphasic control of proteolysis by leucine and alanine in the isolated rat hepatocyte

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. C455-C461 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Venerando ◽  
G. Miotto ◽  
M. Kadowaki ◽  
N. Siliprandi ◽  
G. E. Mortimore
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Rat Hepatocyte ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Isolated Rat

Autophagically mediated proteolysis in the perfused rat liver is under complex multiphasic control by a small group of amino acids dominated by leucine. Because there have been no prior reports of such regulation in the isolated hepatocyte, our goal was to determine whether it is a manifestation of interactions between diverse cells in the intact liver or, alternatively, the expression of a unique control mechanism within a single population of cells. Hepatocytes were isolated from livers of ad libitum-fed rats and incubated with cycloheximide at low density (approximately 10(6) cells/ml) for the determination of valine release. As in perfusion experiments with synchronously fed rats, proteolytic responses to leucine in cells from fed rats were mediated through two inhibitory mechanisms that alternated randomly on a day-to-day basis. The first (L) represented a typical multiphasic dose-response with low- and high-concentration inhibition separated by a sharp zonal loss of inhibition that could be abolished by alanine. The second (H) mediated inhibition only at high concentrations. It disappeared after 24 h of starvation, leaving L as the prevailing mode. The findings indicate that both macroautophagy and the multiphasic mechanism for regulating it coexist in a single population of hepatocytes, making the cells suitable for studies aimed at defining the putative plasma membrane site of leucine recognition.

Pregnancy and delivery in women with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia: clinical and morphological aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Olga P. Saryeva ◽  
Aleksej P. Vahromeev ◽  
Violetta V. Parejshvili
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia

Aim. This study aimed to identify peculiarities of the course of pregnancy, delivery, and morphology of the placenta in women with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD). Materials and Methods. The main group included 60 pregnant women with UCTD, and the control group was composed of 30 somatically healthy women with physiological course of pregnancy. All patients were examined as regards the use of general clinical and laboratory methods. Moreover, 65 placentas were subjected to complex morphological examinations, including organometry, macro- and microscopic examinations, and immunohistochemistry. Results. Pregnancy and delivery in women with UCTD encounter various complications, such as threat of premature birth and miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, prenatal amenorrhea, and placental insufficiency manifested as fetal growth restriction syndrome and confirmed in the course of morphological examination. The structural basis of chronic placental insufficiency is associated various pathologies of the umbilical cord and disorders in maturation of the villous chorion with the underlying weak adaptive and compensatory processes. Connective tissue dysplasia in fetal membranes is manifested as disorders in histo- and cytoarchitectonics and in increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by amniocytes and cytotrophoblast cells. Conclusion. UCTD produces unfavorable effect on the course of pregnancy and delivery. The results of the clinical and morphological examinations demonstrate the multiorgan characteristics of injuries in the mother-placenta-fetus system, which necessitates further studies for the determination of complex prophylactic measures.

TESTOSTERONE-SENSITIVE CENTERS IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Lisk
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion

ABSTRACT Microgram quantities of testosterone implanted in the basal tuberal-median eminence region of rats led to ovarian atrophy or atrophy of the seminal vesicles, prostate and testis thirty days later. Implantations in other areas of the diencephalon or in the pituitary gland did not result in weight changes in the sexual organs. The female showed a greater sensitivity to the testosterone implants than did the male. In the male, the degree of atrophy produced, appeared dependent upon the surface area of hormone present in the tuberal region, and considerable decreases in the weight of the sexual organs were noted without apparent changes in physiological function. The data suggest that the basal tuberal-median eminence area of the hypothalamus acts as the focus for »negative feedback« in the control of gonadotrophin secretion from the pituitary gland of the rat.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE AS AN ESTIMATE OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE RAT SEMINAL VESICLE

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Antti Telkkä ◽  
A. Kivikoski ◽  
Väinö K. Hopsu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Rat Seminal Vesicle

ABSTRACT The seminal vesicles of the rat were stimulated by testosterone-treatment or depressed by castration. The activity of the gland was demonstrated using histoquantitative methods and by quantitative determination of the succinic dehydrogenase activity in the vesicles. There was a good correlation between the seven different variables reflecting the functional state of the vesicle. Quantitative estimation of succinic dehydrogenase of the vesicle seemed to be superior to the other methods because of its greater sensitivity.

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