Characteristics of thyrotrophin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in cultured human thyroid cells from thyrotoxic tissue and non-toxic goitres

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ollis ◽  
D. S. Munro ◽  
S. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Cell Passage ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
In Cells

We have described a system for the maintenance in culture of isolated human thyroid cells from both thyrotoxic tissue and non-toxic goitres. The cells isolated from the two thyroid tissue types showed similar cyclic AMP response characteristics to TSH with large increases in intracellular and extracellular cyclic AMP after 20-min incubations. Maximal responses were obtained with 50 mu. TSH/ml and half-maximal responses at 1·0 mu. TSH/ml. With cell passage the cyclic AMP responses to TSH decreased in magnitude and sensitivity. As with other thyroid cultures, growth of the cells with TSH induced arrangement into follicular structures, whereas cells grown in the absence of TSH remained as a monolayer. Basal intracellular cyclic AMP levels were increased in a dose-related fashion in cells grown in the presence of graded concentrations of TSH and the maximal response to further additions of TSH was not greater than in control cultures.

Characterisation of the cyclic AMP response to thyrotrophin in monolayer cultures of normal human thyroid cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Bidey ◽  
Nicholas J. Marshall ◽  
Roger P. Ekins
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
In Cells

Abstract. The cyclic AMP response to thyrotrophin (TSH) has been investigated in cells prepared from human thyroid tissue obtained during surgery for sub-total laryngectomy, and maintained under in vitro conditions as primary monolayer cultures. When cells were incubated with 1.0 mU TSH/ml, a maximal level of intracellular cyclic AMP was reached after 20 min of incubation in the presence of 0.5 mm 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (MIX). This level of cyclic AMP was sustained for at least 2 h. Half-maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP was produced by TSH doses of between 1 and 5 mU/ml. In a study of a series of eight groups of monolayer cultures, each derived from a single, different thyroid gland, the mean stimulation of cyclic AMP given by 50 mU TSH/ml was 37.8-fold greater than in non-stimulated cell monolayers. Significant stimulation to 50 μU TSH/ml was observed in some monolayers and the precision of measurement of TSH was better than 15% over the TSH dose range 0.2–1.0 mU/ml. The magnitude of the cyclic AMP response to TSH was unaffected by the presence in the incubation medium of 20% (v/v) normal human serum. A cyclic AMP response to TSH was still demonstrable in cells that had been maintained for a period of 22 days in monolayer culture, although the response was reduced in comparison with that given by 4–5 day old cultures.

IN-VITRO STUDIES OF NORMAL HUMAN THYROID CELLS: RESPONSES TO THYROTROPHIN AND DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC AMP

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. BIDEY ◽  
P. MARSDEN ◽  
J. ANDERSON ◽  
C. G. McKERRON ◽  
H. BERRY
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Normal Human

SUMMARY Follicular cells isolated from normal human thyroid tissue have been cultured for up to 140 h with bovine thyrotrophin (TSH) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP). Both compounds induced marked reorganization of the cells into three-dimensional follicular structures, whilst non-supplemented cells assumed a monolayer form. Cultures treated initially with TSH or DBcAMP showed a greater iodide uptake capacity, in comparison with unsupplemented cultures, in which iodide uptake was markedly diminished after 24 h. The release of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Both TSH- and DBcAMP-treated cells showed a significant increase in iodothyronine output compared with unsupplemented control cells. In contrast to the 'classical' TSH-induced depression of the T4:T3 ratio in vivo, an increase in the ratio was observed for both TSH- and DBcAMP-supplemented cells in vitro. The ratio was also significantly greater after TSH than after DBcAMP, and possible implications of this finding are discussed.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE BY THYROID TISSUE CULTURE

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. IRVINE
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Thyroid Extract ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Hashimoto’S Disease ◽  
Hashimoto's Disease

SUMMARY Human thyroid cells were grown in tissue culture in media containing normal human serum, Hashimoto serum, and rabbit sera containing antibodies to purified human thyroglobulin and to crude thyroid extract, respectively. The thyroid cells grew equally well in all media, with the exception of the rabbit serum containing antibodies to crude thyroid extract. Intact thyroid cells obtained from tissue culture failed to fix Hashimoto antibodies in the presence of complement, whereas the constituents of disrupted thyroid cells gave a strongly positive complement-fixation test with Hashimoto serum. It is therefore suggested that the intact thyroid cell is impermeable to complement-fixing Hashimoto antibody. The evidence afforded by the present work adds further weight to the belief that Hashimoto's disease may not be due to a simple auto-immunizing process consequent upon the interaction of thyroid antigen and the known circulating auto-antibodies. Evidence in support of an alternative hypothesis involving 'cell-bound' antibodies with disruption of the follicular basement membrane is discussed.

The revised 8307 base pair coding sequence of human thyroglobulin transiently expressed in eukaryotic cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone A R van de Graaf ◽  
Erwin Pauws ◽  
Jan J M de Vijlder ◽  
Carrie Ris-Stalpers
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Translation Initiation Site ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Human Sequence

Abstract We developed a transient transfection system for human thyroglobulin (TG) cDNA in both human thyroid cells and in COS-1 cells. Four overlapping TG cDNA fragments were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR from RNA of normal thyroid tissue. The most 5′ fragment includes the natural translation initiation site and the sequence encoding the signal peptide (SP). After subcloning, the nucleotide sequence was determined and compared with the published human sequence, resulting in the detection of 30 nucleotide variations. For validation purposes, all variations were screened in 6–12 normal human alleles. Twenty-one were present in all screened alleles and have to be revised in the published nucleotide sequence. Since one variation concerns a triplet insertion, the coding sequence of the mature human thyroglobulin is 8307 nucleotides encoding 2750 amino acids. The TG cDNA constructs were transiently transfected in HTori 3 and COS-1 cells and protein expression was detected using a polyclonal anti-human-TG on fixed cells and after SDS-PAGE. In both cell-lines all four TG protein fragments were expressed. The mannose structures detected on the proteins by lectins and localization after expression in the cells suggest that only the N-terminal TG fragment (containing the SP) is directed to the endoplasmatic reticulum but is unable to reach the Golgi complex. The described expression system in human thyrocytes will be a helpful tool in studying the structure–function relationship of human TG in thyroid hormonogenesis. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 508–515

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-COV-2 receptor ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells: a clue for COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rotondi ◽  
F. Coperchini ◽  
G. Ricci ◽  
M. Denegri ◽  
L. Croce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples

Abstract Purpose SARS-COV-2 is a pathogenic agent belonging to the coronavirus family, responsible for the current global world pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 is a type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase involved in the Renin-Angiotensin pathway. By analyzing two independent databases, ACE-2 was identified in several human tissues including the thyroid. Although some cases of COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis were recently described, direct proof for the expression of the ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells is still lacking. Aim of the present study was to investigate by RT-PCR whether the mRNA encoding for ACE-2 is present in human thyroid cells. Methods RT-PCR was performed on in vitro ex vivo study on thyroid tissue samples (15 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules) and primary thyroid cell cultures. Results The ACE-2 mRNA was detected in all surgical thyroid tissue samples (n = 15). Compared with two reporter genes (GAPDH: 0.052 ± 0.0026 Cycles−1; β-actin: 0.044 ± 0.0025 Cycles−1; ACE-2: 0.035 ± 0.0024 Cycles−1), the mean level of transcript expression for ACE-2 mRNA was abundant. The expression of ACE-2 mRNA in follicular cells was confirmed by analyzing primary cultures of thyroid cells, which expressed the ACE-2 mRNA at levels similar to tissues. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the mRNA encoding for the ACE-2 receptor is expressed in thyroid follicular cells, making them a potential target for SARS-COV-2 entry. Future clinical studies in patients with COVID-19 will be required for increase our understanding of the thyroid repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Transient lack of response to TSH of human cultured thyroid cells obtained from hyperfunctioning tissue

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Annalisa Tanini ◽  
Maria Luisa Brandi ◽  
Umberto Modigliani ◽  
Carlo M. Rotella ◽  
Roberto Toccafondi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Rate Of Response ◽  
In Cells

Abstract. TSH-induced cAMP accumulation in cells obtained from normal and pathological thyroid tissue was studied during the first 12 days of primary culture. In normal thyroid tissue cultures (N = 7), the response of cAMP to TSH was present from the second day of culture and reached its maximum after 8 days. A similar behaviour was observed in cultures obtained from euthyroid sporadic goitres (N = 8), even if the rate of response was slightly lower than that of normal tissue. Similarly, cultured cells from euthyroid 'autonomous' nodules (N = 8) appeared to be responsive to TSH during the period of study, but the rate of response was also lower than in the controls. On the contrary, in cultures obtained from toxic adenomas (N = 5) and from diffuse toxic goitres (N = 5) the response to TSH was absent during the first 4 days of culture. The cells became sensitive to TSH from 6 and 6 day onwards, with the rate of response increasing progressively and reaching its maximum on day 12. Finally, in cultured cells obtained from different areas of multinodular toxic goitres (N = 4), the response to TSH was similar to that of euthyroid goitres in cells prepared from 'cold' areas, and to that of toxic adenomas in cells obtained from 'hot' areas. The present data demonstrate the existence of an inhibitory action of unknown factors, possibly iodothyronines or thyroglobulin, on the TSH effect in short-term cultures obtained from thyrotoxic tissues. A normal TSH responsiveness can be restored when the culture is prolonged.

A comparison of the bioactivity of human and bovine thyrotrophin preparations, as determined by intracellular cyclic AMP responses of cultured FRTL-5 cells and human thyroid cell monolayers

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bidey ◽  
K. Ryder ◽  
R. Gaines-Das ◽  
N.J. Marshall ◽  
R. P. Ekins
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
Single Cell Type ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Bovine Tsh

Abstract. A clonal strain of thyrotrophin (TSH)-dependent rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5) has been used to evaluate the biological activity of reference preparations of both human and bovine TSH. Using the accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP as a response parameter, the widely used bovine TSH preparation. Armour 'Thytropar', was calibrated against the First International Standard of Thyrotrophin (pituitary TSH), bovine, for immunoassay. Log dose – log response curves were parallel, and a relative potency of 2.4 IU/unit of 'Thytropar' was obtained. Subcultures of FRTL-5 cells were more responsive to both bovine and human TSH than were human thyroid follicular cells maintained as primary monolayer cultures. Dose-response curves for cyclic AMP accumulation were parallel for a single cell type differentially incubated with human TSH (the First International Reference Preparation) and bovine TSH (Armour 'Thytropar') preparations. The relative potencies (units: IU) of bovine-human TSH were of the order of 2.0 when tested on both FRTL-5 cultures and primary human thyroid monolayers. This suggests that in the spectrum of structural differences between TSH receptors of different species, the discriminatory powers of the human and FRTL-5 cell TSH receptor are similar. Thus FRTL-5 cells form the basis of a bioassay system of considerable value in the study of human thyroid stimulators, as we demonstrate in an evaluation of two recent preparations of human TSH.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent Generation of RET/PTC in Human Thyroid Cells after in Vitro Exposure to γ-Radiation: A Model of Carcinogenic Chromosomal Rearrangement Induced by Ionizing Radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2364-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy M. Caudill ◽  
Zhaowen Zhu ◽  
Raffaele Ciampi ◽  
James R. Stringer ◽  
Yuri E. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
In Cells

Abstract Ionizing radiation is a well-known risk factor for thyroid cancer in human populations. Chromosomal rearrangements involving the RET gene, known as RET/PTC, are prevalent in thyroid papillary carcinomas from patients with radiation history. We studied the generation of RET/PTC in HTori-3 immortalized human thyroid cells exposed to a range of doses of γ-radiation and harvested 2, 5–6, and 9 d later. RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 were detected by RT-PCR followed by Southern blotting and hybridization with internal oligonucleotide probes. No RET/PTC was found in cells harvested 2 and 5–6 d after irradiation, whereas 59 RET/PTC events were detected in cells collected 9 d after exposure. The average rate of RET/PTC induction was 0.1 × 10−6 after exposure to 0.1 Gy, 1.6 × 10−6 after 1 Gy, 3.0 × 10−6 after 5 Gy, and 0.9 × 10−6 after 10 Gy. When adjusted for cell survival, the rate after 10 Gy was comparable with those after 5 Gy. RET/PTC1 was more common than RET/PTC3 after each dose, comprising 80% of all rearrangements. In this study, we demonstrate a dose-dependent induction of RET/PTC rearrangements in human thyroid cells after exposure to 0.1–10 Gy γ-radiation. This provides additional evidence for a direct link between this genetic event and radiation exposure and offers a powerful experimental system for studying radiation-induced carcinogenesis in the thyroid gland.

Iodide uptake and organification, tri-iodothyronine secretion, cyclic AMP accumulation and cell proliferation in an optimized system of human thyroid follicles cultured in collagen gel suspended in serum-free medium

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kraiem ◽  
O. Sadeh ◽  
M. Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation

ABSTRACT An experimental system was established for measuring cell function and proliferation of human thyroid follicles cultured in collagen gel suspended in serum-free medium. Optimal culture conditions were defined and the system was characterized. The human thyrocytes were functional as indicated by their ability to respond to a TSH stimulus (as low as 1–10 μU/ml). in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, with at least a 15-fold increase in iodide uptake and organification, tri-iodothyronine (T3) secretion (demonstrated to derive from de-novo T3 biosynthesis) and cyclic AMP accumulation. Moreover, the same system allowed the measurement of cell proliferation (as indicated by thymidine incorporation and DNA content) following epidermal growth factor (EGF) and phorbol ester challenge under conditions of cell density and medium identical to those for the differentiated functions. The functional responses and cell proliferation were markedly higher compared with those of the same cells in the presence of serum or maintained in monolayer culture. Normal cell polarity, which critically determines functional capacity of thyroid follicles was maintained (as demonstrated by electron microscopy) by the use of collagen gel and serum-free medium. The use of thyroid cells of human origin assumes great importance in view of the wide species differences reported. Cryopreservation of cells rather than the necessity of using freshly derived cells confers greater convenience. The present model system provides a powerful tool for studying human thyroid physiology and pathophysiology. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 131, 499–506

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