Episodic secretion of luteinizing hormone and androgen in male rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Södersten ◽  
P. Eneroth ◽  
A. Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Androgen Secretion ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Androgen Levels ◽  
Intact Rats

Sequential blood samples were obtained at hourly intervals from intact male rats during various phases of the light: darkness cycle. Measurement of the serum concentrations of LH and androgen showed that both hormones were secreted episodically, with a secretory episode defined as an increment and subsequent decrement in the serum hormone level exceeding the analytical intra-assay imprecision. Episodes of androgen secretion varied greatly in amplitude (from 1·04 to 30·90 nmol/l) in individual males, occurred during any phase of the light: darkness cycle and were preceded by one or two episodes of LH secretion. Individual males could show more than one episode of androgen secretion during an 18-h sampling period (mean ± s.e.m. = 1·7 ± 0·7 pulses/10 h). Mean values of serum LH and androgen in groups of animals obscured the episodic pattern of hormone secretion shown by individual animals. Castration reduced serum androgen to non-detectable levels within 2 h and produced a temporary decline in serum LH levels and abolition of the episodic pattern of LH secretion. These effects were prevented by testosterone treatment at the time of castration. There was a gradual increase in serum LH levels and in the amplitude of the LH secretory episodes for 1 week after castration. Treatment of castrated rats with testosterone-filled constant-release implants (10 or 20 mm long) produced high and stable serum androgen levels and episodes of LH secretion of low amplitude 1 week after castration. A constant concentration of serum androgen comparable to the mean level of intact rats, produced by implantation of 5 mm long testosterone implants 3 weeks earlier, resulted in a pattern of episodic LH secretion which was similar to that of intact rats. Subcutaneous injection of various doses of testosterone (5, 15 or 45 μg) in castrated rats produced a dose-dependent increase in serum androgen levels within 30 min of injection and thereafter the levels declined. Injection of 15 μg testosterone produced a pulse-like increase in serum androgen concentrations with an amplitude within the range of that observed in intact rats. Injection of this amount of testosterone in castrated rats in which serum LH levels had been suppressed by prior implantation of 20 mm long testosterone implants produced no change in serum LH levels. It is suggested that androgen primarily modifies the amplitude of the LH secretory episodes and that episodic fluctuations in serum androgen levels have no immediate effect on the pattern of LH secretion. Constant serum androgen levels comparable to the mean level of intact rats are sufficient for maintenance of the normal episodic pattern of LH secretion.

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC THYROTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR ON PROLACTIN AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE SECRETION IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS DURING VARIOUS REPRODUCTIVE STATES

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. DEIS ◽  
NIA ALONSO
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lh Secretion

SUMMARY The effect of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) on serum prolactin and LH concentrations was determined by radioimmunoassay in male, cyclic and pseudopregnant female rats. A solution of TRF (0·1, 0·25, 0·5 and 1 μg/rat) was injected i.v. at 17.00 h into rats pretreated with sodium pentobarbitone at 13.00 h. A group of male rats was also treated with TRF at 11.00 h after pretreatment with sodium pentobarbitone at 07.00 h. Fifteen minutes after TRF administration, blood samples were obtained by heart puncture. Doses of 0·25, 0·5 and 1 μg TRF significantly increased the serum prolactin concentration in pro-oestrous rats. The mean serum prolactin level after the injection of 0·5 and 1 μg into oestrous rats and 0·5 μg TRF into dioestrous day 2 rats, was significantly greater than the control values. Injection of TRF on day 1 of dioestrus had no effect. Serum LH concentration was not significantly modified by the various doses of TRF administered. On day 3 of pseudopregnancy a significant increase of serum prolactin values was obtained with 0·5 and 1 μg TRF. On day 7 of pseudopregnancy a dose of 0·5 μg produced the same effect, but on day 10 of pseudopregnancy only 1 μg TRF significantly increased serum prolactin levels when compared with the control rats. In male rats serum prolactin concentration was significantly greater than the control values after TRF treatment either in the morning or the afternoon. The response was similar to that obtained in pro-oestrous rats. The results suggest that the ability of synthetic TRF to stimulate prolactin release exists in both female and male rats and that TRF does not affect LH secretion.

Effects of valproate-induced alteration of the GABAergic system on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized women

1996 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Lado-Abeal ◽  
Jose L Liz ◽  
Carlos Rey ◽  
Manuel Febrero ◽  
Jose Cabezas-Cerrato
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gabaergic System ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Nutrition Service ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lh Secretion

Lado-Abeal J, Liz JL, Rey C, Febrero M, Cabezas-Cerrato J. Effects of valproate-induced alteration of the GABAergic system on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized women. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:293–8. ISSN 0804–4643 It is well established that valproate increases hypothalamic concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although little research has been done on the role of GABA in the control of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in humans, our group recently found that administration of valproate had no significant effect on pulsatile LH secretion in late follicular and mid-late luteal phase normal women. However, the results of several studies of rats suggest that GABAergic regulation of LH secretion may depend on steroid levels. The objective of this work was to determine whether regular administration of sodium valproate inhibits pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized women. Twelve women who had undergone ovariectomy for causes other than malignant tumors were each studied in two 8 h sessions, in each of which blood samples were taken every 5 min. The first session was the control; for the second, 400 mg of sodium valproate was administered every 8 h during the seven preceding days and at 08.00 h and 14.00 h on the day of the study session. Serum valproate was determined by repolarization fluorescence spectrophotometry, and LH, estradiol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. The serum LH series were subjected to a deconvolution procedure to reconstruct the pattern of pituitary LH secretion. Luteinizing hormone pulses were identified by the authors' nonparametric method. Control and post-valproate results were compared with regard to number of pulses, pulse duration, the quantity of LH secreted in each pulse, interpulse interval and mean serum LH level. There was no statistically significant difference between control and post-valproate results for any of the variables considered. It is concluded that sustained serum valproate levels do not alter pulsatile secretion of LH in ovariectomized women. This implies that, in humans, GABA is probably not a decisive factor in the regulation of the GnRH pulse generator. J Cabezas-Cerrato, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, General Hospital of Galicia, c/Galeras s/n 15705, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain

Orchidectomy selectively increases follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist-treated male rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tena-Sempere ◽  
L Pinilla ◽  
E Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treated Male ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Tena-Sempere M, Pinilla L, Aguilar E. Orchidectomy selectively increases follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-treated male rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132: 357–62. ISSN 0804–4643 The pituitary component of the feedback mechanisms exerted by testicular factors on gonadotropin secretion was analyzed in adult male rats treated with a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. In order to discriminate between androgens and testicular peptides, groups of males were orchidectomized (to eliminate androgens and non-androgenic testicular factors) or injected with ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS), a selective toxin for Leydig cells (to eliminate selectively androgens) and treated for 15 days with vehicle or the GnRH antagonist Ac-d-pClPhe-d-pClPhe-d-TrpSer-Tyr-d-Arg-Leu-Arg-Pro-d-Ala-NH2CH3COOH (Org.30276, 5 mg/kg/72 hours). Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured 7 and 14 days after the beginning of treatment. We found that: in males treated with GnRH antagonist, orchidectomy or EDS treatment did not induce any increase in LH secretion; and orchidectomy, but not EDS treatment, increased FSH secretion in GnRH-treated males. The present results show that negative feedback of testicular factors on LH secretion is mediated completely through changes in GnRH actions. In contrast, a part of the inhibitory action of the testis on FSH secretion is exerted directly at the pituitary level. It can be hypothesized that non-Leydig cell testicular factor(s) inputs at different levels of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis in controlling LH and FSH secretion. Manuel Tena-Sempere, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain

In vivo effects of flavonoid EMD 21388 on thyroid hormone secretion and metabolism in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. E227-E232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Schroder-van der Elst ◽  
D. van der Heide ◽  
J. Kohrle
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
In Vivo Effects

In vitro, the synthetic flavonoid EMD 21388 appears to be a potent inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) 5'-deiodinase and diminishes binding of T4 to transthyretin. In this study, in vivo effects of long-term administration of EMD 21388 on thyroid hormone production and metabolism were investigated. Intact male rats received EMD 21388 (20 mumol.kg body wt-1.rat-1.day-1) for 14 days. [125I]T4 and 3,5,3'-[131I]triiodotyronine (T3) were infused continuously and intravenously in a double-isotope protocol for the last 10 and 7 days, respectively. EMD 21388 decreased plasma thyroid hormone concentrations, but thyrotropin levels in plasma and pituitary did not change. Plasma clearance rates for T4 and T3 increased. Thyroidal T4 secretion was diminished, but T3 secretion was elevated. Extrathyroidal T3 production by 5'-deiodination was lower. T4 concentrations were markedly lower in all tissues investigated. Total tissue T3 was lower in brown adipose tissue, brain, cerebellum, and pituitary, tissues that express the type II 5'-deiodinase isozyme due to decreased local T3 production. Most tissues showed increased tissue/plasma ratios for T4 and T3. These results indicate that this flavonoid diminished T4 and increased T3 secretion by the thyroid, probably in analogy with other natural flavonoids, by interference with one or several steps between iodide uptake, organification, and hormone synthesis.

scholarly journals Neural Determinants of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Young Han ◽  
Isaiah Cheong ◽  
Tim McLennan ◽  
Allan E Herbison
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pulse Profile ◽  
Lh Secretion

Abstract The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator drives pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion essential for fertility. However, the constraints within which the pulse generator operates to drive efficient LH pulsatility remain unclear. We used optogenetic activation of the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons, recently identified as the GnRH pulse generator, to assess the efficiency of different pulse generator frequencies in driving pulsatile LH secretion in intact freely behaving male mice. Activating the pulse generator at 45-minute intervals generated LH pulses similar to those observed in intact male mice while 9-minute interval stimulation generated LH profiles indistinguishable from gonadectomized (GDX) male mice. However, more frequent activation of the pulse generator resulted in disordered LH secretion. Optogenetic experiments directly activating the distal projections of the GnRH neuron gave the exact same results, indicating the pituitary to be the locus of the high frequency decoding. To evaluate the state-dependent behavior of the pulse generator, the effects of high-frequency activation of the arcuate kisspeptin neurons were compared in GDX and intact mice. The same stimulus resulted in an overall inhibition of LH release in GDX mice but stimulation in intact males. These studies demonstrate that the GnRH pulse generator is the primary determinant of LH pulse profile and that a nonlinear relationship exists between pulse generator frequency and LH pulse frequency. This may underlie the ability of stimulatory inputs to the pulse generator to have opposite effects on LH secretion in intact and GDX animals.

Somatostatin Inhibits prolactin secretion in the estradiol primed male rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Cooper ◽  
S. H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Plasma Prl

Somatostatin inhibits not only growth hormone secretion, but also the secretion of several other hormones. The role of somatostatin in prolactin (PRL) secretion has not been clearly demonstrated. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of somatostatin on rat PRL secretion in several different circumstances where the circulating PRL level is elevated: (1) the estradiol primed intact male rat, (2) normal and (3) estradiol primed rats pretreated with pimozide, (4) normal and (5) estradiol primed hypophysectomized male rats with adenohypophyses grafted under the kidney capsule (HAG rat). Blood samples (70 μL) were taken every 2 min via an indwelling atrial cannula from conscious, unrestrained animals. In the estradiol primed intact rats, a bolus injection of somatostatin (10, 100, and 1000 μg/kg) lowered PRL levels in a dose-dependent manner. When the PRL concentration was elevated by the administration of pimozide (3 mg/kg), a dopaminergic receptor blocking agent, somatostatin was ineffective in decreasing plasma PRL concentration but the PRL concentration was lowered by somatostatin when the rat had been primed with estradiol. Somatostatin had no effect on the normal HAG rats, but lowered the plasma PRL concentration in the estradiol primed HAG rats. Since somatostatin inhibits PRL secretion only in the estradiol primed rats, it is suggested that estradiol priming creates a new environment, presumably via new or altered receptors, which can be inhibited by somatostatin.

POSITIVE FEEDBACK ACTION OF OESTRADIOL ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN 15 DAY OLD FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kronibus ◽  
W. Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Partial Separation ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Female rats were ovariectomized (ovx), adrenalectomized (adx) or both (adx-ovx) on day 8 after birth. The serum gonadotrophin concentrations on day 15 were higher in ovx and adx-ovx rats than in sham-operated or untreated controls of the same age. Intact animals on day 15 had higher LH and FSH levels compared with adult, dioestrous levels, and a number of LH peaks were observed. After partial separation of oestradiol (LH 20 column chromatography) from other lipid substances which interfere with the radioimmunoassay for oestradiol, levels of oestradiol were undetectable in ovx and in adx-ovx animals on day 15 but concentrations were relatively high in intact or adx rats. To test whether the high gonadotrophin concentrations in 15-day-old intact rats were due to a positive feedback action of oestradiol, silastic tubes containing different amounts of oestradiol were implanted on day 8 at the time of adrenalectomy and ovariectomy. The mean serum LH and FSH concentrations were increased on day 15 in those animals in which silastic tube implantation resulted in physiological oestradiol levels. These elevated gonadotrophin values were due to a number of peak levels. Injection of 600 μg progesterone on day 15, 8 h before decapitation resulted in high FSH levels in all the implanted animals, whereas LH levels were still variable from one animal to another. This situation is very similar to that in intact control rats and it is concluded that the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in 15-day-old female rats reacts to an oestrogenic stimulus followed by a progestational reaction as does the adult "gonadostat". This would account for the premature, pre-ovulatory type of LH peaks.

Explicating hypergonadotropism in postmenopausal women: a statistical model

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. R1247-R1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Keenan ◽  
Johannes D. Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Constitutive Components ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rates

Neurohormone secretion is viewed here as a variable (unknown) admixture of basal and pulsatile release mechanisms, convolved with individually fitted biexponential elimination kinetics. This construct allows maximum-likelihood estimates of both (regulated and constitutive) components of hormone secretion. Thereby, we infer that a prolonged slow-component half-life of gonadotropin removal and amplified pulsatile (and total) daily luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion rates jointly explicate the postmenopausal elevation in serum LH concentrations without a necessary rise in basal LH secretion rates. This biomathematical formulation should be useful in exploring other neuroregulatory mechanisms that underlie single or dual alterations in the basal versus pulsatile modes of hormone secretion.

EFFECTS OF NALOXONE ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN SERUM OF RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. BLANK ◽  
A. E. PANERAI ◽  
H. G. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Opiate Peptides ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Lh Secretion

The effects of subcutaneous injections of the opiate antagonist naloxone on the tonic and phasic secretion of prolactin and LH were studied in rats. During development, resting levels of prolactin in serum were decreased by naloxone (2·5 mg/kg body wt) on days 24,45 and 50 in female rats and on days 28,45 and 50 in male rats. In the adult, naloxone (2·5 mg/kg body wt) decreased basal levels of serum prolactin in male rats and levels during oestrus in female rats. In 25-day-old female rats, serum LH rose from resting levels within 7·5 min of naloxone administration (2·5 mg/kg body wt) and returned to pretreatment levels by 30 min, while prolactin fell by 7·5 min and remained low for as long as 60 min after treatment. Furthermore, a tenfold lower dose of naloxone (0·25 mg/kg body wt) did not raise basal levels of serum LH but still decreased resting levels of serum prolactin in immature female rats (24 days old). The effect of naloxone (2·5 mg/kg body wt) on phasic LH release was studied in 29-day-old immature female rats primed on day 27 with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). In these PMSG-treated rats the onset of the prolactin surge was blunted by naloxone while it had no effect on phasic LH release. Naloxone (5 mg/kg body wt) also induced a rise in levels of serum LH in ovariectomized rats and, if administered with morphine, it reversed the short-term inhibition of LH secretion caused by morphine. However, naloxone was ineffective after pretreatment with oestradiol benzoate. These findings suggest that the responses of serum LH and prolactin to naloxone were dissociated and that oestrogens and opiate peptides may have interacted to regulate secretion of LH.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND OVULATION IN RESPONSE TO ELECTROCHEMICAL STIMULATION OF THE PREOPTIC AREA IN RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. VELASCO ◽  
I. ROTHCHILD
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Factors affecting luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in response to stimulation of the preoptic area (POA) of the forebrain in rats were explored by determining serum LH levels after electrochemical stimulation of the POA. In rats made anovulatory by exposure to constant light (CLA rats), peak concentrations of LH in serum were found 2 h after stimulation with 5–15 mC, and 1 h after stimulation with 0·5–1 mC. The peak levels increased with increasing doses between 0·5 and 15 mC. The incidence of rats ovulating and the mean number of ovulations/rat were roughly proportional to the stimulating dose, but a plateau was reached between 5 and 10 mC. A threshold level of serum LH seemed to be necessary for ovulation, and the incidence of ovulations of six ova or more/rat increased with the increase in peak serum LH level. Preoptic-roof section, which cuts dorsal afferents to the POA, enhanced the increase in serum LH in response to POA stimulation in CLA rats, while sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia decreased the response. In both cases, the incidence of ovulation and the number of ovulations/rat were not different from values found in POA-stimulated control CLA rats showing the same peak serum LH level. In normal cyclic rats the response of serum LH to stimulation was much greater on the morning of pro-oestrus than on that of oestrus; at prooestrus a second rise occurred between 17.00 and 19.00 h. Three days after ovariectomy the basal level of LH increased; these ovariectomized rats showed a small increase in response to a dose of 5 mC. Treatment with 20 μg oestradiol benzoate at the time of ovariectomy, however, resulted in a lowered basal LH level, but the peak response to 5 mC was almost as great as that found in similarly stimulated intact CLA rats. In intact males and in neonatally androgen-treated females the peak levels of serum LH in response to doses of 5 or 15 mC were equivalent to those in CLA females in response to doses of only 1–5 mC.

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