Effects of chronic long-acting bromocriptine treatment on liveweight, voluntary food intake, coat growth and breeding season in non-pregnant red deer hinds

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
A. S. I. Loudon ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
A. S. McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Group B ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACT Seventeen red deer hinds were housed in individual pens and from 28 February until 11 November were injected each week with vehicle (group A; n = 6) or 5 (group B; n = 6) or 12·5 mg (group C; n = 5) of a long-acting formulation of bromocriptine. Liveweight and voluntary food intake (VFI) were recorded for each hind, and blood was collected for determination of progesterone, prolactin, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and cortisol concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Treatment with the high dose of bromocriptine was associated with a significant (P <0·05) reduction in VFI, with the effect being greatest between March and July. There was no treatment effect on liveweight, but there was a significant (P <0·01) interaction between time and treatment due to the faster rate of weight gain in control animals at the beginning of the experiment. Changes in liveweight could be explained by changes in VFI rather than by changes in the efficiency of utilization of intake. Termination of the breeding season was significantly (P <0·01) delayed by 54 days in group C hinds. Growth of the summer coat and subsequent winter coats was delayed by 1 and 3 months respectively in group C hinds, and in groups B and C the duration that animals were in summer coat was increased by about 1 month. The seasonal increase in prolactin concentrations was seen in all groups, but levels were significantly (P <0·05) lower in group C hinds. Concentrations of T3 and cortisol were not affected by bromocriptine. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 413–420

Chronic treatment with long-acting bromocriptine does not affect duration of the breeding season, voluntary food intake, body weight, or wool growth in the Scottish blackface ewe

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Curlewis ◽  
AM Sibbald ◽  
JA Milne ◽  
AS McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

The aim of this study was to determine whether suppression of the seasonal increase in prolactin concentrations by chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine would affect onset of anoestrus, voluntary food intake, body weight, and wool growth in a seasonal breed of sheep. Groups of eight Scottish Blackface ewes were injected i.m. each week with either the vehicle (Group A) or 2.0 mg (Group B), 6.0 mg (Group C), or 18.0 mg (Group D) of bromocriptine in a long-acting formulation, commencing on 18 January and terminating on 25 July (midwinter to midsummer in the northern hemisphere). Immediately before the bromocriptine injection, blood samples were taken for progesterone and prolactin determination. Voluntary food intakes were measured daily, and body weights were recorded every fortnight. Estimates of wool growth were made by weighing wool clipped from a measured area of skin once a month. Treatment had no effect on onset of anoestrus, voluntary food intake, body weight, or wool growth. Plasma prolactin concentrations increased significantly in all groups during the treatment period. From January to April, all doses of bromocriptine significantly reduced prolactin concentrations but later in the study (May and June) prolactin was significantly suppressed in Group D only, although even in this group prolactin concentrations increased between March and June. Pituitary prolactin content, measured at the end of the study in July, was also suppressed by bromocriptine. The gradual increase in prolactin concentrations in ewes receiving chronic bromocriptine was further investigated by treating a fifth group of ewes (Group E) with 18.0 mg of long-acting bromocriptine each week, commencing on 20 June.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A comparison of the seasonal hormone changes and patterns of growth, voluntary food intake and reproduction in juvenile and adult red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) hinds

1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. I. Loudon ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
A. S. McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Père David’S Deer ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACT Non-domesticated seasonally breeding ungulates exhibit marked seasonal changes in metabolic rate, voluntary food intake (VFI), pelage growth and moult and hormone secretion. It is not known whether these seasonal rhythms are regulated by the same central processes which control the onset and termination of the breeding season. Here we compare two closely related deer species which have significantly different mating and calving seasons. Seasonal changes in VFI, liveweight, coat growth, plasma prolactin and tri-iodothyronine (T3), and the timing of the breeding season were examined over a 15-month period in six adult post-pubertal red and Père David's deer from January to April the following year. The timing of the seasonal changes in prolactin, T3, VFI and coat growth were all significantly advanced by 56, 23, 60 and 54 days respectively in the Père David's deer. The times of onset and termination of the breeding season of Père David's deer were also significantly advanced by 90 days, but in both species, the breeding season was of similar duration (160 ± 5 (s.e.m.) days). Changes in liveweight of adult red deer could be explained by changes in VFI rather than efficiency of utilization. This was not the case in Père David's deer and may indicate seasonal changes in the efficiency of energy utilization. In order to establish whether these species differences develop with age, we undertook a second study in which seasonal changes in VFI, growth, plasma prolactin concentrations and the timing of the onset of the breeding season were recorded for ten red deer and six Père David's deer from 6 to 18 months of age. Both species exhibited a similar decline in VFI in the first autumn of life. Subsequently, the Père David's deer exhibited an advance in the timing of the seasonal peak in VFI and prolactin (21 and 66 days respectively); puberty occurred 3 months earlier than in red deer. The earlier breeding season of the Père David's deer was associated with a significant advance in a range of seasonal endocrine and physiological parameters. These species differences may develop with age. Our data indicate that seasonal patterns of metabolism and growth may be closely linked to those mechanisms which also regulate the onset and termination of the breeding season. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 122, 733–745

scholarly journals Effects of an injectable long-acting formulation of ivermectin on Onchocerca ochengi in zebu cattle

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Michel Boussinesq ◽  
Peter Enyong ◽  
Patrick Chounna-Ndongmo ◽  
Abdel-Jelil Njouendou ◽  
Sébastien David Pion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Group B ◽  
Skin Samples

The availability of a safe macrofilaricidal drug would help to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination. A trial was conducted in Cameroon to evaluate the effects of a subcutaneous injectable long-acting formulation of ivermectin (LAFI) on the microfilariae (mf) and adult stages of Onchocerca ochengi. Ten zebu cattle naturally infected with the parasite were injected subcutaneously with either 500 mg (group A, N = 4), or 1000 mg long-acting ivermectin (group B, N = 4) or the vehicle (group C, N = 2). Skin samples were collected from each animal before, and 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment to measure microfilarial densities (MFDs). Nodules excised before, and 6 and 12 months after treatment were examined histologically to assess the adult worms’ viability and reproductive status. Blood samples were collected at pre-determined time-points to obtain pharmacokinetic data. Before treatment, the average O. ochengi MFDs were similar in the three groups. Six months after treatment, all animals in groups A and B were free of skin mf, whereas those in group C still showed high MFDs (mean = 324.5 mf/g). Only one ivermectin-treated animal (belonging to group A) had skin mf 12 months after treatment (0.9 mf/g). At 24 months, another animal in group A showed skin mf (10.0 mf/g). The histologic examination of nodules at 6 and 12 months showed that LAFI was not macrofilaricidal but had a strong effect on embryogenesis. The new LAFI regimen might be an additional tool to accelerate the elimination of human onchocerciasis in specific settings.

CONVENTIONAL VERSUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY IN CANCER CERVIX: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR COMPLIANCE, RESPONSE AND TOXICITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
D. P. Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Kamal Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among Indian women. Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment in all its stages. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combines multiple radiation fields to deliver precise dose of radiation to the affected area. Tailoring each of the radiation fields to focus on the tumor delivers a high dose of radiation to the tumor and avoids nearby healthy tissue. The present study is done to compare conventional radiotherapy versus 3DCRT in cancer cervix for compliance, clinical response and toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients were enrolled and randomised into two radiotherapy plans with radical intent - Group A treated by conventional radiotherapy and group B treated by 3DCRT. Concurrent cisplatin was delivered on weekly (35mg/m2) or tri-weekly (75mg/m2) basis during external beam Radiotherapy and was followed by High Dose Radiotherapy Brachytherapy. Clinical response and complication assessment were evaluated.Collected data was analyzed using standard statistical methods and softwares to calculate level of significance using “p” value by chi square test. RESULTS: In this study mean age of the patients was 48 years (26-67 years). The anemia was the most common side effect seen in both groups (96% vs 88%, p=0.29). Neutropenia was more in group B (36% vs 44%, p= 0.56). Lower GI toxicity was seen only in patients in group A (20% vs 0%, p=0.018). In follow up there were no significant early rectal and bladder reactions in both groups and 2 patients in each group had late rectal reactions of grade I and II (p= 0.312). No significant skin, bladder and small intestinal toxicity were seen in both groups. CONCLUSION: Conventional radiotherapy gives equally efficacious response though accompanied by toxicities which were acceptable.

scholarly journals Hematological Features in Sheep with IgG and IgM Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽  
Victoria M. Spanou ◽  
Eleni G. Katsogiannou ◽  
Panagiotis D. Katsoulos
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Exposure of sheep to Borreliaburgdorferi sensulato (s.I.) complex, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), has been reported in tick-abundant areas worldwide, while no data have been reported in Greece. The aim of the study was to identify the hematological alterations in sheep with seropositivity against Borrelia burgdorferi (s.I.). Blood samples were obtained from 318 tick infested sheep for blood analysis and serological determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against B. burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay after exclusion of endo-ectoparasites and other tick-borne infections. A total number of 162 sheep met the inclusion criteria, allocated in four groups based on the presence or absence of IgG and/or IgM; sheep found negative for IgM and IgG (Group A), positive for IgM (Group B), positive for both IgM and IgG (Group C) and positive for IgG (Group D). Anemia, thrombocytopenia and normal or decreased leukocyte count, mainly due to lymphopenia were the main hematological features observed in seropositive sheep. The presence of these features raises the suspicion of Borrelia infection in tick infested sheep. The seropositivity of 23.58% in sheep raises concerns of Borrelia circulation, especially in rural areas and potential risk of transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy Of Ceftriaxone Versus Ciprofloxacin In Paediatric Enteric Fever

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Anila Farhat ◽  
Asma Shaukat ◽  
Tariq Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Objective Determination

Objective: Determination of the clinical effectiveness of ciprofloxacin versus ceftriaxone in children with enteric fever on the basis of defervescence within 72 hours of commencement of treatment. Duration and Place of Study: This randomized controlled trial was carried out from 15th May to 15th November 2017 in pediatrics units of Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Teaching Hospital Abbottabad and Jinnah International Hospital Abbottabad. Methodology: 90 children with uncomplicated enteric fever were admitted and divided randomly into two groups, Group A was administered I/V Ceftriaxone 75mg/kg OD and Group B was given I/V Ciprofloxacin 10mg/kg BD for seven days. Response to drug was taken as defervescence within 72 hours while continued fever after 72 hours was taken as no response. The data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 21.00. Results: In our research study 53(58.9%) children were male and 37(41.1%) patients were female. The mean age was 8.43±3.17 years encompassing 4 to 14 years, mean weight of the patients in kg was 29.54±10.8 kg. Efficacy of ceftriaxone group was 93.3% while in ciprofloxacin group 62.2% patients became afebrile in 72 hours. The proportion of achieving defervescence within 72 hours was higher with ceftriaxone than with ciprofloxacin Conclusion: Ceftriaxone is more efficacious in terms of achieving defervescence than ciprofloxacin in children having enteric fever.

scholarly journals The Role of Pathological Method and Clearance Definition for the Evaluation of Margin Status after Pancreatoduodenectomy for Periampullary Cancer. Results of a Multicenter Prospective Randomized Trial

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Gennaro Nappo ◽  
Domenico Borzomati ◽  
Alessandro Zerbi ◽  
Paola Spaggiari ◽  
Ugo Boggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Periampullary Cancer ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
R1 Resection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: There is extreme heterogeneity in the available literature on the determination of R1 resection rate after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD); consequently, its prognostic role is still debated. The aims of this multicenter randomized study were to evaluate the effect of sampling and clearance definition in determining R1 rate after PD for periampullary cancer and to assess the prognostic role of R1 resection. Methods: PD specimens were randomized to Leeds Pathology Protocol (LEEPP) (group A) or the conventional method adopted before the study (group B). R1 rate was determined by adopting 0- and 1-mm clearance; the association between R1, local recurrence (LR) and overall survival (OS) was also evaluated. Results. One-hundred-sixty-eight PD specimens were included. With 0 mm clearance, R1 rate was 26.2% and 20.2% for groups A and B, respectively; with 1 mm, R1 rate was 60.7% and 57.1%, respectively (p > 0.05). Only in group A was R1 found to be a significant prognostic factor: at 0 mm, median OS was 36 and 20 months for R0 and R1, respectively, while at 1 mm, median OS was not reached and 30 months. At multivariate analysis, R1 resection was found to be a significant prognostic factor independent of clearance definition only in the case of the adoption of LEEPP. Conclusions. The 1 mm clearance is the most effective factor in determining the R1 rate after PD. However, the pathological method is crucial to accurately evaluate its prognostic role: only R1 resections obtained with the adoption of LEEPP seem to significantly affect prognosis.

Growth responses in red deer calves and hinds grazing red clover, chicory or perennial ryegrass/white clover swards during lactation

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Niezen ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
P. R. Wilson ◽  
A. M. Ataja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted at the Massey University Deer Unit, New Zealand in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the performance of lactating red deer hinds and their calves grazing conventional perennial ryegrass-based pastures, red clover or chicory. In both experiments, hind and calf performance was evaluated from 1 month post-parturition over a 2½ month summer period to weaning at 3½ months of age.In Expt 1, hinds and calves were grazed on low (5·4 kg dry matter (DM)/hd/day), medium (10·8) or high (16·4) allowances of red clover, or on a medium allowance of a conventional ryegrass/white clover sward (9·9 DM/hd/day). In Expt 2, hinds and calves grazed equal DM allowances (12 kg DM/hd/day) of perennial ryegrass/white clover, chicory or red clover.Red clover generally had higher organic matter digestibility (OMD) and higher total N than ryegrass/white clover, and when grazed at equal DM allowances, promoted higher voluntary food intake in the hinds, increased calf growth (430 v. 330 g/day) and increased hind liveweight change. Although decreasing the red clover allowance in Expt 1 slightly but non-significantly decreased hind voluntary food intake and decreased both calf and hind liveweight change, all low red clover values were still consistently higher than all ryegrass/white clover values (P < 0·05). In Expt 2, chicory was of higher OMD and ash content than red clover but N content was lower and similar to ryegrass/white clover. Chicory promoted lower levels of calf liveweight change than red clover but higher than ryegrass/white clover. Hind liveweight change on chicory was lower than on red clover and was similar to ryegrass/white clover. It was concluded that red clover offers potential as a special purpose forage for deer production and that further experimental work is needed with chicory.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physical Fitness after Bariatric Surgery and Its Association with Protein Intake and Type of Cholecalciferol Supplementation

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smelt ◽  
Pouwels ◽  
Celik ◽  
Gupta ◽  
Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cholecalciferol Supplementation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Run Test

: Background: Several studies showed that there is a relationship between vitamin and mineral status and muscle strength. In particular this is the case for handgrip strength (HS) and vitamin D deficiency. In bariatric surgery there is a risk of decrease in muscle strength after surgery and also vitamin and mineral deficiencies are not uncommon. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of low vitamin 25 (OH) cholecalciferol levels, high dose cholecalciferol supplementation regime and protein intake on physical fitness, measured using handgrip strength (HS) and the shuttle walk run test (SWRT). Methods: For this retrospective study, 100 patients who have had bariatric surgery were included. Group A (n = 50) used 800 IU oral cholecalciferol per day. Group B (n = 50) used 800 IU oral cholecalciferol daily and 50,000 IU liquid cholecalciferol monthly lifelong. Both groups were matched on common variables. To measure physical fitness, we used the HS manometer of Jamar and the Shuttle Walk Run Test (SWRT) to assess physical capacity. Results: No significant differences in HS and SWRT outcomes were found between patients with serum 25 (OH) cholecalciferol < 75 nmol/L or >75 nmol/L. The postoperative HS is significantly influenced by protein intake (p = 0.017) and no significant influence was seen in outcomes of the SWRT (p = 0.447). Conclusion: We have found that serum 25 (OH) cholecalciferol and different cholecalciferol supplementation regimes do not have a significant effect on HS and SWRT before, three and 6 months after surgery. It seems that protein intake plays a more important role in maintaining adequate muscle strength.

scholarly journals Evaluation by Monte Carlo Simulation of the Pharmacokinetics of Two Doses of Meropenem Administered Intermittently or as a Continuous Infusion in Healthy Volunteers

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1881-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang A. Krueger ◽  
Jurgen Bulitta ◽  
Martina Kinzig-Schippers ◽  
Cornelia Landersdorfer ◽  
Ulrike Holzgrabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibacterial agent. In order to optimize levels in plasma relative to the MICs, the ideal dose level and dosage regimen need to be determined. The pharmacokinetics of meropenem were studied in two groups, each comprising eight healthy volunteers who received the following doses: 500 mg as an intravenous infusion over 30 min three times a day (t.i.d.) versus a 250-mg loading dose followed by a 1,500 mg continuous infusion over 24 h for group A and 1,000 mg as an intravenous infusion over 30 min t.i.d. versus a 500-mg loading dose followed by a 3,000-mg continuous infusion over 24 h for group B. Meropenem concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, respectively. Pharmacokinetic calculations were done by use of a two-compartment open model, and the data were extrapolated by Monte Carlo simulations for 10,000 simulated subjects for pharmacodynamic evaluation. There were no significant differences in total clearance and renal clearance between group A and group B or between the intermittent treatment and the continuous infusion. The analyses of the probability of target attainment by MIC for the high- and low-dose continuous infusions were robust up to MICs of 4 mg/liter and 2 mg/liter, respectively. The corresponding values for intermittent infusions were only 0.5 mg/liter and 0.25 mg/liter. When these observations were correlated with MICs obtained from the MYSTIC database, intermittent infusion results in adequate activity against two of the most common nosocomially acquired pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. However, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the evaluation shows a clear advantage of high-dose therapy administered as a continuous infusion. We believe that in the empirical therapy situation, the continuous-infusion mode of administration is most worth the extra efforts. We conclude that clinical trials for evaluation of the continuous infusions of meropenem in critically ill patients are warranted.

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