scholarly journals Glucose utilization rate and pancreatic hormone response to oral glucose loads are influenced by the migratory condition and fasting in the garden warbler (Sylvia borin)

1998 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Totzke ◽  
A Hubinger ◽  
F Bairlein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Garden Warbler ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ecological Barriers

Substrate utilization and regulatory mechanisms of metabolism were studied in migratory garden warblers by measuring plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids (FFAs), beta-hydroxybutyrate, insulin and glucagon in response to oral glucose loads. Three different physiological states were examined: (a) the autumnal migratory period on a high and (b) on a fasted low body mass level, and (c) the postmigratory period with low body mass. Glucose tolerance was better in the postmigratory lean than fat condition. However, total food deprivation of 5-7 days with fat birds reaching their lean body mass further reduced the glucose utilization rate. Initial levels of FFAs were highest in the starved, intermediate in the fat and lowest in the lean condition. Changes in plasma FFAs during glucose tolerance tests were opposite to those of the glucose levels. Ten minutes after the glucose load plasma glucagon levels decreased and insulin increased. These effects were larger in the fat than in the postmigratory lean condition. There were no differences between sexes. It appears that during premigratory and migratory periods glucose utilization may be inhibited by a more favorable oxidation of fatty acids as would be predicted by the glucose fatty acid cycle. However, the inhibition of glucose utilization seems to be counterregulated by stronger responses of insulin and glucagon. These results may be important also in the consideration of food selection during premigratory periods and refueling abilities of birds crossing ecological barriers.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent effects of insoluble fibre on glucose metabolism: a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kabisch ◽  
Caroline Honsek ◽  
Margrit Kemper ◽  
Christiana Gerbracht ◽  
Ayman M. Arafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Aims As the first long-term RCT on insoluble cereal fibre, the optimal fibre trial demonstrated glycometabolic benefits, confirming cohort studies. The combined study intervention of lifestyle recommendations and supplementation with insoluble oat hulls fibre allows to clarify, which amount of fibre is required for a beneficial effect. Methods One hundred and eighty participants with impaired glucose tolerance underwent the one-year PREDIAS lifestyle programme and received a blinded, randomized fibre or placebo supplement for two years. We conducted a regression analyses and cut-off-based tertile comparisons in subjects with full data on dietary compliance (food records and accounted supplement; n = 120) after one year, investigating effects on fasting blood parameters, oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry. Results We found a nonlinear inverse relation between fibre intake and change in postprandial 2-h glucose levels, showing a metabolic benefit beyond 14 g and a plateau beyond 25 g of total insoluble fibre per day. 2-h glucose levels improved significantly stronger in both upper tertiles (−0.9 [−1.6;−0.2] mmol/l, p = 0.047, and −0.6 [−1.6;0.3] mmol/l, p = 0.010) compared to the lowest tertile (0.1 [−1.2;1.1] mmol/l), also when adjusted for changes in bodyweight. Subjects with the highest fibre intake showed superior effects on fasting and postprandial insulin resistance, hepatic insulin clearance, leucocyte count and fatty liver index. Conclusions Extending the knowledge on the benefits of insoluble oat hulls fibre, our post hoc analysis demonstrates a dose effect for glycaemia and associated metabolic markers. Further research is needed in order to replicate our findings in larger trials.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of hypoglycemic properties of the root extract of Uveria chamae

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emordi Jonathan Emeka ◽  
Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin ◽  
Oreagba Ibrahim Adekunle ◽  
Iribhogbe Osede Ignis
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycaemic properties and preliminary phytochemical screening of <em>Uveria chamae</em>. The hypoglycaemic properties of <em>Uveria chamae</em> was assessed on normoglycaemic rat that received single dose of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and blood glucose levels estimated at 2, 4, and 6 hours (single dose study). The hypoglycaemic property of the extract was also evaluated in normoglycemic rats by oral glucose tolerance test. Phytochemical screening of the extract for the presence of secondary metabolites was performed with standard methods. The extract showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels at 2h and 6h compared to control.  The oral glucose tolerance test  result also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in blood glucose levels . The study showed that the extract, <em>Uveria chamae</em> has hypoglycaemic properties which may be accounted for by the presence of the phytochemicals.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Identification of factors differentially associated with isolated impaired fasting glucose and isolated post-load impaired glucose tolerance: the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Neil Thomas ◽  
C Mary Schooling ◽  
Sarah M McGhee ◽  
Sai-Yin Ho ◽  
Bernard M Y Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background: The use of fasting and post-prandial glucose levels in the classification of hyperglycaemic states often identifies distinct subjects, but the factors determining these intermediate-isolated glucose intolerant states are yet to be clearly elucidated in Chinese subjects. Methods: Representative subjects (n = 2769) were randomly recruited from the Hong Kong Chinese population and glycaemic status was determined using both fasting and 2h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test glucose levels. The relationship between the groups with isolated glucose intolerance and vascular risk factors was investigated using ANOVA and logistic regression analyses. Results: Using either criterion, diabetes was identified in 265 (9.6%) subjects and glucose intolerance in 568 (20.5%) subjects. Of those 568, isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) using the post-load criterion was identified in 49.5% and isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 30.5%. Ageing and hyperinsulinaemia were common determinants of IGT and IFG; with small hip circumference a marker of poorer early life development and being born in China rather than Hong Kong, a possible low birth weight marker was also associated with IFG. Hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and poor education were also associated with IGT. When we looked for factors differentially associated with these glucose intolerant states, female sex, greater hip circumference, high triglyceride levels, low fasting insulin levels, and not being born in China were independently associated with isolated IGT compared with isolated IFG. Conclusion: Despite common antecedents to the glucose intolerant states, isolated IFG appeared to be particularly associated with early life development, and isolated IGT was more strongly associated with obesity-related determinants such as hypertriglyceridaemia.

scholarly journals Characteristics associated with elevated 1‐h plasma glucose levels during a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test in non‐obese Japanese men

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1520-1523
Author(s):  
Motonori Sato ◽  
Yoshifumi Tamura ◽  
Yuki Someya ◽  
Kageumi Takeno ◽  
Hideyoshi Kaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Glucose Levels

Forearm Glucose Uptake in Cirrhosis and Its Relationship to Glucose Tolerance

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Leatherdale ◽  
R. A. Chase ◽  
J. Rogers ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti ◽  
P. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

1. Oral glucose-tolerance tests (100 g) were carried out in six patients with stable well-compensated cryptogenic cirrhosis and in 12 control subjects. 2. In confirmation of previous studies, patients with cirrhosis had high post-glucose serum insulin levels and were glucose intolerant (mean incremental glucose area 954 ± 186 compared with 482 ± 35 mmol 3 h−11−1 in controls; P<0.05) 3. Forearm arteriovenous differences of glucose and forearm blood flows were measured to estimate the proportion of the glucose load metabolized in peripheral tissues. Values in cirrhotic patients and control subjects (5614 ± 1630 compared with 5344 ± 672 μmol of glucose min−11−1 of forearm in 3 h) were similar despite higher glucose levels and sustained high insulin levels in the cirrhotic patients. 4. Peak lactate concentrations after glucose were of similar magnitude in the two groups (0.66 ± 0.12 compared with 0.62 ± 0.75 mmol/l) but in the patients with cirrhosis the peak occurred later and was more sustained. 5. The glucose intolerance of cirrhosis is primarily due to impaired hepatic retention of the glucose load. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues-5-also be important since the higher insulin concentrations found in cirrhotic patients failed to enhance peripheral glucose uptake.

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