Annex A Codes of Practice and Design Standards

2007 ◽  
pp. 276-307
Keyword(s):  
Design Standards ◽  
Codes Of Practice

Simulation of the Response of Buried Pipelines to Slope Movement Using 3D Continuum Modeling

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Fredj ◽  
Aaron Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Slope Movement ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Continuum Modeling ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Ongoing Work

Pipeline integrity is affected by the action of external soil loads in addition to internal fluid pressure. External soil loads can be generated by landslides or at sites subject to ground subsidence, heave or seismic effects. Under these varied conditions of ground movement potential pipeline safety involves constraints on design and operations. The design processes includes developing an understanding of strains that could be imposed on the pipe (strain demand) and strain limits that the pipe can withstand without failure. The ability to predict the pipeline load, stress or strains state in the presence of soil restraint and/or soil displacement induced loading is not well described in design standards or codes of practice. This paper describes the ongoing work involved in a study investigating the mechanical behavior of buried pipelines interacting with active landslides. Detailed pipe-soil interaction analyses were completed with a 3D continuum SPH method. This paper describes the LS-DYNA numerical modeling process, previously developed by the authors, which was refined and applied to site-specific conditions. To illustrate the performance of the modeling process to consider a translational slide, additional numerical model validation was completed and is described in this paper. These comparisons illustrate that good agreement was observed between the modeling results and experimental full scale trial results. Sample results of the application of the validated 3D continuum modeling process are presented. These results are being used to develop generalized trends in pipeline response to slope movements. The paper describes both the progress achieved to date and the future potential for simplified engineering design tools to assess the load or deformation capacity requirements of buried pipelines exposed to different types of slope movement.

Serviceability Assessment of Composite Footbridge Under Human Walking and Running Loads

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Vibration Responses

Footbridge responses under loads induced by human remain amongst the least explored matters, due to various uncertainties in determining the description of the imposed loadings. To address this gap, serviceability of an existing composite footbridge under human walking and running loadings is analyzed dynamically in this paper employing a finite element approach. The composite footbridge is made-up of a reinforced concrete slab simply supported at two ends on top of two T-section steel beams. To model the walking and running loads, a harmonic force function is applied as the vibration source at the center of the bridge. In the model verification, the computed natural frequency of footbridge exhibits a good agreement with that reported in literature. The vibration responses in terms of peak acceleration and displacement are computed, from which they are then compared with the current design standards for assessment. It is found that the maximum accelerations and displacements of composite footbridge in presence of excitations from one person walking and running satisfy the serviceability limitation recommended by the existing codes of practice. In conclusion, the studied footbridge offers sufficient human safety and comfort against vibration under investigated load prescription.

Pipeline Response to Slope Movement and Evaluation of Pipeline Strain Demand

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Fredj ◽  
Aaron Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic ◽  
Slope Movement ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Codes Of Practice

Pipelines installed on active slopes can be exposed to slope failure mechanisms. The soil movement can introduce substantial axial and bending strains on buried pipeline, and possibly damage. The techniques to predict pipeline displacements, loads, stress or strains are not well described in design standards or codes of practice. The practice of using finite element analysis of soil-pipe interaction has developed in recent years and is proving to be a useful tool in evaluating the pipeline behavior in response to slope movement. A description of advanced pipe soil interaction modeling tools and their validation against full scale trails has been previously presented. This paper describes the ongoing work involved in a study investigating the mechanical behavior of buried pipelines interacting with active slope movement and evaluation of pipeline strain demand. Detailed pipe-soil interaction analyses were completed with a 3D continuum SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic) model to examine the pipeline behavior and evaluate the pipeline strain demand in relation to key parameters. This includes the effect of soil movement mechanism, pipeline geometry (D/t), material grade, pipeline burial depth and soil conditions and properties. Sample results of the application of the validated 3D continuum modeling process will be presented. The strain demand determined from the analyses were compared with calculated CSA-Z662 strain limit design, local FEA analyses and BS 7910. These results are being used to develop generalized trends in pipeline response to slope movements.

scholarly journals Calculation of Critical Load for Pure Distortional Buckling of Lipped Channel Columns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imene Mahi ◽  
Mohamed Djelil ◽  
Naoual Djafour ◽  
Mustapha Djafour
Keyword(s):  
Width Ratio ◽  
Distortional Buckling ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Finite Strip ◽  
Strip Method ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Finite Strip Method ◽  
Buckling Stress ◽  
European Method

This paper presents a method that allows calculating the elastic critical stress for the distortional buckling mode, based on the buckling mode classification of typical lipped channel columns. In our case, Cold-Formed Steel Lipped Channel Columns are subjected to compression. Moreover, in order to consolidate the important findings of this work, a comparative study was carried out to assess the reliability of various distortional buckling models that are provided by different design Standards. It was found that the American and Australian approaches, given in the codes of practice, are closer to the Finite Strip Method than to the European method. An analytical solution was proposed for the determination of the distortional buckling stress on the basis of a statistical method; it corresponds to lipped channel sections with a flange width to web width ratio b/h ranging from 0.1 to 1, and a lip width to web width ratio c/h between 0 and 0.5. After comparison with the results given by the finite strip method for pure distortional buckling, it turned out that the proposed approach provides a reasonable prediction for the elastic distortional buckling stress for lipped channel sections subjected to compression. In fact, this method gives better results than the American approach.

scholarly journals A Review of Codes and Standards for Bamboo Structural Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ermias A. Amede ◽  
Ezra K. Hailemariama ◽  
Leule M. Hailemariam ◽  
Denamo A. Nuramo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Material ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Design Construction

Bamboo is a strong, fast-growing, and sustainable material. In modern times, it can be an aesthetically pleasing and low-cost alternative to more conventional materials. Despite the literature’s consideration of bamboo’s promising potential as a resilient, sustainable building material for structural element design, its application is limited. This is mainly due to the limited availability of universally applicable standards and codes to guide or assist in developing the structural element design. As a result, bamboo as an engineering material was mainly dependent on established practical traditions, intuitions of forbears, and engineering experience. This paper reviewed available structural element design standards and codes of practice. Based on the literary works, it was possible to conclude that there is a need to develop a comprehensive universally applicable bamboo design, construction standards, and code of practices, addressing several social and trade benefits as well as engineering recognition and enhanced status of bamboo as an engineering material.

THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING DESIGN STANDARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Denis Mykhaylovskyi ◽  
Bohdan Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Design Standards
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