TECHNICAL NOTE. EXPERIMENTS ON SMALL-SCALE INFLATED METAL STRUCTURES.

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
CJ MOORE ◽  
B RAWLINGS
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Metal Structures

scholarly journals Technical Note: A mobile sea-going mesocosm system – new opportunities for ocean change research

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1835-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Riebesell ◽  
J. Czerny ◽  
K. von Bröckel ◽  
T. Boxhammer ◽  
J. Büdenbender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycling ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
June July

Abstract. One of the great challenges in ocean change research is to understand and forecast the effects of environmental changes on pelagic communities and the associated impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Mesocosms, experimental enclosures designed to approximate natural conditions, and in which environmental factors can be manipulated and closely monitored, provide a powerful tool to close the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and observational and correlative approaches applied in field surveys. Existing pelagic mesocosm systems are stationary and/or restricted to well-protected waters. To allow mesocosm experimentation in a range of hydrographic conditions and in areas considered most sensitive to ocean change, we developed a mobile sea-going mesocosm facility, the Kiel Off-Shore Mesocosms for Future Ocean Simulations (KOSMOS). The KOSMOS platform, which can be transported and deployed by mid-sized research vessels, is designed for operation in moored and free-floating mode under low to moderate wave conditions (up to 2.5 m wave heights). It encloses a water column 2 m in diameter and 15 to 25 m deep (∼50–75 m3 in volume) without disrupting the vertical structure or disturbing the enclosed plankton community. Several new developments in mesocosm design and operation were implemented to (i) minimize differences in starting conditions between mesocosms, (ii) allow for extended experimental duration, (iii) precisely determine the mesocosm volume, (iv) determine air–sea gas exchange, and (v) perform mass balance calculations. After multiple test runs in the Baltic Sea, which resulted in continuous improvement of the design and handling, the KOSMOS platform successfully completed its first full-scale experiment in the high Arctic off Svalbard (78°56.2′ N, 11°53.6′ E) in June/July 2010. The study, which was conducted in the framework of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), focused on the effects of ocean acidification on a natural plankton community and its impacts on biogeochemical cycling and air–sea exchange of climate-relevant gases. This manuscript describes the mesocosm hardware, its deployment and handling, CO2 manipulation, sampling and cleaning, including some further modifications conducted based on the experiences gained during this study.

scholarly journals Technical note: Rabbit meat production under a small scale production system as a source of animal protein in a rural area of Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
  Garcia-Lopez J.C. ◽  
Pro-Martinez A. ◽  
Becerril-Perez C.M. ◽  
Suarez-Oportes M.E. ◽  
Pinos-Rodrig
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Production System ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Rabbit Meat

scholarly journals Technical note: An economical apparatus for the observation and harvesting of mineral precipitation experiments with light microscopy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H. Crosby ◽  
Jake V. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Mineral Precipitation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. We describe a small-scale reusable and low-cost double diffusion setup that allows microscopic observation over time for use in mineral precipitation experiments that use organic polymers as a matrix. The setup uniquely accommodates changes in solution chemistry during the course of an experiment, and facilitates easy harvesting of the precipitates for subsequent analysis.

scholarly journals Technical note: Seamless gas measurements across Land-Ocean Aquatic Continuum – corrections and evaluation of sensor data for CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> from field deployments in contrasting environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Canning ◽  
Arne Körtzinger ◽  
Peer Fietzek ◽  
Gregor Rehder
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Carbon System

Abstract. Comparatively the ocean and inland waters are two separate worlds, with concentrations in greenhouse gases having orders of magnitude in difference between the two. Together they create the Land-Ocean Aquatic Continuum (LOAC), which comprises itself largely of areas with little to no data in regards to understanding the global carbon system. Reasons for this include remote and inaccessible sample locations, often tedious methods that require collection of water samples and subsequent analysis in the lab, as well as the complex interplay of biological, physical and chemical processes. This has led to large inconsistencies, increasing errors and inevitably leading to potentially false upscaling. Here we demonstrate successful deployment in oceanic to remote inland regions, over extreme concentration ranges with multiple pre-existing oceanographic sensors combined set-up, allowing for highly detailed and accurate measurements. The set-up consists of sensors measuring pCO2, pCH4 (both flow-through, membrane-based NDIR or TDLAS sensors), O2, and a thermosalinograph at high-resolution from the same water source simultaneously. The flexibility of the system allowed deployment from freshwater to open ocean conditions on varying vessel sizes, where we managed to capture day-night cycles, repeat transects and also delineate small scale variability. Our work demonstrates the need for increased spatiotemporal monitoring, and shows a way to homogenize methods and data streams in the ocean and limnic realms.

Immersive Computing and Crowd Simulation Techniques in Modelling Urban Commons

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Artopoulos ◽  
Panayiotis Charalambous ◽  
Colter Eugene Wehmeier
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic City

This article reports on the technical development and testing of the basic components of a virtual environment platform that could be used for the cross-disciplinary study of complex urban realities, such as the historic city of Nicosia, Cyprus - the last divided capital of Europe. This platform captures data of virtual visitors' movements in space, and the article suggests that these data could help better understand the impact of planning scenarios and design interventions in open public spaces that used to be popular among the citizens of the historic city. The article presents how this platform uses interaction and immersion opportunities to engage citizens and stakeholders in the management of public open spaces that are associated with built heritage. Crowd simulation is discussed as a computational technique that when is combined with the presented virtual environment platform, and under the right conditions, would contribute to a digital practice for small-scale urban modelling. However, it is beyond the scope of this technical note to provide a full empirical testing and validation of the presented immersive virtual environment.

scholarly journals Technical note: Laboratory modelling of urban flooding: strengths and challenges of distorted scale models

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1567-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefang Li ◽  
Sébastien Erpicum ◽  
Martin Bruwier ◽  
Emmanuel Mignot ◽  
Pascal Finaud-Guyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Secondary Currents ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Viable Approach

Abstract. Laboratory experiments are a viable approach for improving process understanding and generating data for the validation of computational models. However, laboratory-scale models of urban flooding in street networks are often distorted, i.e. different scale factors are used in the horizontal and vertical directions. This may result in artefacts when transposing the laboratory observations to the prototype scale (e.g. alteration of secondary currents or of the relative importance of frictional resistance). The magnitude of such artefacts was not studied in the past for the specific case of urban flooding. Here, we present a preliminary assessment of these artefacts based on the reanalysis of two recent experimental datasets related to flooding of a group of buildings and of an entire urban district, respectively. The results reveal that, in the tested configurations, the influence of model distortion on the upscaled values of water depths and discharges are both of the order of 10 %. This research contributes to the advancement of our knowledge of small-scale physical processes involved in urban flooding, which are either explicitly modelled or parametrized in urban hydrology models.

scholarly journals Technical note: Seamless gas measurements across the land–ocean aquatic continuum – corrections and evaluation of sensor data for CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> from field deployments in contrasting environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1373
Author(s):  
Anna Rose Canning ◽  
Peer Fietzek ◽  
Gregor Rehder ◽  
Arne Körtzinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. The ocean and inland waters are two separate regimes, with concentrations in greenhouse gases differing on orders of magnitude between them. Together, they create the land–ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC), which comprises itself largely of areas with little to no data with regards to understanding the global carbon system. Reasons for this include remote and inaccessible sample locations, often tedious methods that require collection of water samples and subsequent analysis in the lab, and the complex interplay of biological, physical and chemical processes. This has led to large inconsistencies, increasing errors and has inevitably lead to potentially false upscaling. A set-up of multiple pre-existing oceanographic sensors allowing for highly detailed and accurate measurements was successfully deployed in oceanic to remote inland regions over extreme concentration ranges. The set-up consists of four sensors simultaneously measuring pCO2, pCH4 (both flow-through, membrane-based non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) or tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors), O2 and a thermosalinograph at high resolution from the same water source. The flexibility of the system allowed for deployment from freshwater to open ocean conditions on varying vessel sizes, where we managed to capture day–night cycles, repeat transects and also delineate small-scale variability. Our work demonstrates the need for increased spatiotemporal monitoring and shows a way of homogenizing methods and data streams in the ocean and limnic realms.

scholarly journals Technical note: an economical apparatus for the observation and harvest of mineral precipitation experiments with light microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2151-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H. Crosby ◽  
Jake V. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Mineral Precipitation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. We describe a small-scale, reusable, and low-cost double-diffusion setup that allows microscopic observation over time for use in mineral precipitation experiments that use organic polymers as a matrix. The setup uniquely accommodates changes in solution chemistry during the course of an experiment and facilitates easy harvesting of the precipitates for subsequent analysis.

scholarly journals Technical note: TRACK<i>Flow</i>, a new versatile microscope system for fission track analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerben Van Ranst ◽  
Philippe Baert ◽  
Ana Clara Fernandes ◽  
Johan De Grave
Keyword(s):  
Fission Track ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Plate Design ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Doped Glass ◽  
High Throughput Imaging ◽  
Multiple Samples

Abstract. We here present TRACKFlow, a new system with dedicated modules for the fission track (FT) laboratory. It is based on the motorised Nikon Eclipse Ni-E upright microscope with the Nikon DS-Ri2 full frame camera and is embedded within the Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research software package. TRACKFlow decouples image acquisition from analysis to decrease schedule stress of the microscope. The system further has the aim of being versatile, adaptable to multiple preparation protocols and analysis approaches. It is both suited for small-scale laboratories and is also ready for upscaling to high-throughput imaging. The versatility of the system, based on the operators’ full access to the NIS-Elements package, exceeds that of other systems for FT and further expands to stepping away from the dedicated FT microscope towards a general microscope for Earth Sciences, including dedicated modules for FT research. TRACKFlow consists of a number of user-friendly protocols which are based on the well plate design that allows sequential scanning of multiple samples without the need of replacing the slide on the stage. All protocols include a sub-protocol to scan a map of the mount for easy navigation through the samples on the stage. Two protocols are designed for the External Detector Method (EDM) and the LA–ICP–MS apatite fission track (LAFT) approach, with tools for repositioning and calibration to the external detector. Two other tools are designed for large crystals, such as the Durango age standard and U-doped glass external detectors. These protocols generate a regular grid of points and inspect if each point is suitable for analysis. Both protocols also include an option to image each withheld point. One more protocol is included for the measurement of etch pit diameters and one last protocol prepares a list of coordinates for correlative microscopy. In a following phase of development TRACKFlow can be expanded towards fully autonomous calibration, grain detection and imaging.

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