Fish Anchor Dived – Confirmation Through Field Tests in the Swan River

This paper reports the results from field tests on a 1/15th scale recently developed fish anchor. The tests were conducted at three locations in the Swan River, Perth. Two series of tests were performed from the Burswood and Maylands jetties with water depths between 1.1 and 1.9 m. The final series of tests were undertaken in deeper waters of 2.6 m from a barge. The riverbed at the Burswood Jetty and barge test location consisted of soft clay, and that at the Maylands Jetty comprised sandy silt. The tip embedment depths of the scaled fish anchor, with dry weight of 0.304 kN and impact velocity of 5.89∼9.55 m/s, in soft clay were 1.17∼2.40 times the anchor length. For similar impact velocities, the tip embedment depths in sandy silt were 30 ∼ 60% shallower than those in soft clay. By comparing the field test data in clay, the fish anchor achieved normalised embedment depths similar to those of the torpedo and OMNI-Max anchors under half or less impact velocity. Most importantly, the field tests confirmed the diving behaviour of the fish anchor under loading with mudline inclination of 20° and 25°, with the second peak dictated the capacity. The ultimate capacity was 5∼7 times the anchor submerged weight in water.

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Model and field tests of reinforced pavement on soft clay ground

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts ◽

10.1016/0148-9062(90)94678-m ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. A173

Keyword(s):

Soft Clay ◽

Field Tests ◽

Clay Ground

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Compaction and Plasticity Comparative Behaviour of Soft Clay Treated with Coarse and Fine Sizes of Ceramic Tiles

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183401012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 01012 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al-Bared ◽

Aminaton Marto ◽

Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap ◽

Fauziah Kasim

Keyword(s):

Soil Stabilization ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Density ◽

Ceramic Tiles ◽

Marine Clay ◽

Maximum Dry Density ◽

Stiff Soil

Recycled blended ceramic tiles (RBT) is a waste material produced from ceramic tile factories and construction activities. RBT is found to be cost effective, sustainable, environmental-friendly and has the potential to be used as an additive in soft soil stabilization. Recent reports show that massive amounts of RBT are dumped into legal or illegal landfills every year consuming very large spaces and creating major environmental problems. On the other hand, dredged marine clay obtained from Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia has weak physical and engineering characteristics to be considered as unsuitable soft soil that is usually excavated, dumped into landfills and replaced by stiff soil. Hence, this study investigates the suitability of possible uses of RBT to treat marine clay. Laboratory tests included Standard proctor tests and Atterberg limits tests. The plasticity of marine clay was evaluated by adding 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.3 mm RBT. In addition, the compaction behaviour of treated marine clay was compared by adding two different sizes (0.3 mm and 1.18 mm diameter) of RBT. For both coarse and fine sizes of RBT, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the dry weight of the soft clay were added. The mixture of each combination was examined in order to evaluate the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and the optimum moisture content (OMC) for the treated soft clay. MDD and OMC for soft untreated samples were 1.59 Mg/m3 and 22%, respectively. Treated samples with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.30 mm size RBT resulted in a significant reduction of OMC ranged from 19 to 15% while MDD resulted in increment ranged from 1.69 to 1.77 Mg/m3. In addition, samples treated with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 1.18 mm size RBT resulted in major reduction of OMC ranged from 15 to 13.5% while MDD increased effectively from 1.75 to 1.82 Mg/m3. For all mix designs of soft clay-RBT, MDD was gradually increasing and OMC was sharply reducing with further increments of both sizes of RBT.

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Cultural Control of Common Waterplantain (Alisma triviale) in Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069575 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 562-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joel K. Ransom ◽

Ervin A. Oelke

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Zizania Palustris ◽

Grand Rapids ◽

Water Depths

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of water depth, fall flooding, and burial depth on the development of common waterplantain (Alisma trivialePursh. # ALSPA) in wild rice (Zizania palustrisL.). The optimum water depths for common waterplantain from corms were 20 cm when grown outside in submerged pots at St. Paul and 2 and 15 cm when grown in a sloping field at Grand Rapids. Growth of common waterplantain from seeds was maximum at the lowest water depths (2 to 7 cm) at both locations. Wild rice dry weight and seed yield in the same experiments were maximum at the 20- and 30-cm water depths at St. Paul and the 15- and 28-cm depths at Grand Rapids. The increased wild rice seed yield and dry weight at these depths was related to increased tiller production. Wild rice yield was similar at all water depths at Grand Rapids when grown with common waterplantain from corms at a density of 11 plants/m2. Water depths that decreased the effect of common waterplantain interference with wild rice, reduced wild rice yield. Establishment of common waterplantain from corms was maximum at the 5- and 15-cm depths and was severely reduced at the 0- and 30-cm soil depths in soils not flooded in the fall but flooded in the spring. Fall flooding killed all corms regardless of burial depth. Corm mortality under fall-flooded conditions may be due to the effects of ice-encasement.

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Field tests on behavior of pre-bored grouted planted pile and bored pile embedded in deep soft clay

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS ◽

10.1016/j.sandf.2020.03.013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 551-561

Author(s):

Jia-jin Zhou ◽

Jian-lin Yu ◽

Xiao-nan Gong ◽

Tian-long Yan

Keyword(s):

Soft Clay ◽

Field Tests ◽

Bored Pile

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Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in the upper Swan River estuary, Western Australia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9960659 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 659 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

PA Thompson ◽

W Hosja

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Limitation ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

River Estuary ◽

Early Summer ◽

Phosphate Silicate ◽

Cell Densities ◽

And Control ◽

Swan River ◽

Second Peak

During 1993-94 the phytoplankton community in the upper Swan River estuary had a peak chlorophyll a concentration of 57 mg m-3 during early summer (December 1993) and a second peak of 35 mg m-3 during late autumn (May 1994). Mid summer was characterized by low cell densities and low chlorophyll a concentrations. The potential of the phytoplankton community for nutrient limitation was assessed with dilution bioassays given nutrient mixes deficient in one of the following: nitrogen, phosphate, silicate, iron, trace metals, chelators, or vitamins. During the mid-summer period of low phytoplankton abundance, nitrogen was the nutrient with the greatest potential to limit algal biomass. During mid summer, ambient N:P ratios tended to be near unity and bioassays indicated that the available pool of N was up to 20 times more limiting to biomass development than was available P. Also during mid summer, bioassay treatments given no nitrogen and control treatments given no nutrients showed little growth, reaching chlorophyll a concentrations -1/30th of those given a full suite of nutrients. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the bioassay control treatments given no nutrients were correlated (r2 = 0.74) with measured surface nitrate concentrations; this suggested that nitrate inputs may be a major factor controlling phytoplankton biomass in this ecosystem. The correlation between surface nitrate concentration and rainfall (r2 = 0.69) further suggests that rainfall may be the most important mechanism supplying nitrate to the surface waters of this estuary.

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Resistance in Annual Medicago spp. to Phoma medicaginis and Leptosphaerulina trifolii and Its Relationship to Induced Production of a Phytoestrogen

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-3-0239 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Martin J. Barbetti

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Leaf Disease ◽

Herbage Quality ◽

Phoma Medicaginis ◽

Disease Resistances ◽

Annual Medicago

Foliar and stem diseases of annual Medicago spp. caused by Phoma medicaginis and Leptosphaerulina trifolii can not only reduce yield, but also affect herbage quality by inducing the production of the phytoestrogen coumestrol. To determine differences in host reaction to these pathogens, 33 cultivars and lines in 1993 and 10 cultivars in 1995 were evaluated in inoculated field tests. In the 1993 test, a number of genotypes with high levels of resistance to leaf and stem disease caused by P. medicaginis and to leaf disease caused by L. trifolii were identified. Genotypes with very high levels of resistance to stem disease caused by P. medicaginis were M. sphaerocarpos GRC5659.4.1 and SAD10069, M. murex GRC87.1, GRC707, and GRC708, M. truncatula Z771, and M. solerolii DZA3180.1, all of which had stem disease scores of ≤1.0 (scale 0 to 10) by the end of the growing season. The levels of coumestrol produced ranged from 114 to 1,230 ppm dry weight in stems across the genotypes, and the score for stem disease caused by P. medicaginis in the corresponding cultivars ranged from ≤0.8 to 8.9, respectively. The 1995 test confirmed the relative responses of nine cultivars (Caliph, Circle Valley, Cyprus, Harbinger AR, Zodiac, Paraggio, Santiago, Serena, and Orion) of annual Medicago spp. to leaf and stem disease caused by P. medicaginis and to stem disease caused by L. trifolii. Those with the lowest levels of coumestrol in the stems were M. solerolii DZA3180.1, M. truncatula Paraggio, and M. sphaerocarpos SAD10069, all with levels ≤130 ppm. The highest level was found in M. polymorpha SA4178 (1,230 ppm). M. littoralis Harbinger AR, Z286, Z298, and Z912, M. murex 89F16.1.1, M. orbicularis SA8460, and M. polymorpha SA4188, all had coumestrol levels of >600 ppm. For stem disease caused by P. medicaginis in particular, there was significant correlation of the level of disease with the level of coumestrol in stems at the end of the growing season. In contrast, for L. trifolii, there was significant negative correlation (leaf disease) or only a weak positive correlation (stem disease) with coumestrol in stems at the end of the growing season. Incorporation of these identified disease resistances into commercial cultivars offers a promising avenue not only as a long-term strategy for management of foliar diseases in annual Medicago spp., but also as a means of reducing phytoestrogen levels in commercial annual Medicago spp. pastures in order to minimize the adverse effects of phytoestrogens on fertility levels in sheep.

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Full-scale field tests on directly embedded steel pole foundations

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t99-119 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 414-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Asim Haldar ◽

VSN Prasad Yenumula ◽

T R Chari

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Ground Level ◽

Full Scale ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Embedment Depth ◽

Ultimate Capacity ◽

Backfill Material ◽

Different Types ◽

Full Scale Tests ◽

Laterally Loaded

The results of eight full-scale tests on directly embedded steel pole foundations are presented. Fully instrumented poles were tested to measure the various design parameters. Different types of backfills such as sand, in situ gravelly sand, crushed stone, and flowable material were used. Various parameters were measured, including applied moment, ground line deflection-rotation, rotation of the pole below the ground level, soil pressures, and bending moments in the poles. The behaviour of these foundations was explained through ultimate capacity and moment-rotation characteristics. Based on these test results, it was found that the capacity of the directly embedded pole foundation depends primarily on the compaction levels of backfill and the embedment length of the pole. Flowable backfill material, which does not require any compaction, was found to be most effective and promising. Even when the backfill was loose, the lateral capacity significantly increased by the addition of a baseplate or by installing the pole with an additional embedment depth. Various theories developed for laterally loaded rigid piles were used to predict the moment-rotation behaviour and the ultimate capacity of the directly embedded pole foundation with different types of backfill material. Results from the analytical investigations were compared with those obtained from the full-scale load tests. Comparisons show that the ultimate capacities predicted by the models ranged from 0.30 to 2.20 times the measured capacities.Key words: backfill, compaction, full-scale tests, laterally loaded rigid piles, transmission steel poles, ultimate moment.

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Field Tests Of The Lateral-Load Behavior Of Pile Groups In Soft Clay

10.4043/3871-ms ◽

1980 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hudson Matlock ◽

Wayne B. Ingram ◽

Allen E. Kelley ◽

Dewaine Bogard

Keyword(s):

Soft Clay ◽

Field Tests ◽

Lateral Load ◽

Pile Groups ◽

Load Behavior

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The Use of Seed Vigour Tests for Predicting Field Emergence

International Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.30560/ijas.v1n2p93 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. p93

Author(s):

Fatima A. Hassan ◽

Mai M. A. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Field Tests ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Acacia Senegal ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Seedling Root ◽

Cutting Test ◽

Acacia Mellifera

The general aim of this study was to address the problem of seed vigour testing in Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera) by studying different seed vigour tests and comparing them to identify the most suitable test for each species. The importance of this study lies in the fact that vigour testing measures the percentage of viable seeds in a sample as well as their ability to produce normal seedlings under less than optimum or adverse growing conditions, similar to those occurring in the field. To achieve this objective, a set of laboratory and field tests were conducted for the two Acacia species. Data collected included: The number of seeds per kilogram, germination percentage, seedling shoot length, seedling root length, seedling root wet and dry weight, seedling shoot wet and dry weight. The cutting test, electrical conductivity tetrazolium test and Hiltner test were employed to determine the seed vigour. The results showed that Acacia mellifera had a high electrical conductivity, indicating its low seed vigour. The electrical conductivity of Acacia senegal was equivalent to that of distilled water, indicating that either the seed coat was intact or no ions were leached from the seeds. Comparison of the various tests suggests that Hiltner test is the most accurate” or “reliable”) test for seed vigor.

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