scholarly journals Instrumented parallel bars for three-dimensional force measurement

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Jin ◽  
Howard Jay Chizeck
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional

Finite Element Modeling for Steel Cord Analysis in Radial Tires

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yintao ◽  
Luo Yiwen ◽  
Miao Yiming ◽  
Chai Delong ◽  
Feng Xijin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Steel Cord

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on steel cord deformation and force investigation within heavy-duty radial tires. Typical bending deformation and tension force distributions of steel reinforcement within a truck bus radial (TBR) tire have been obtained, and they provide useful input for the local scale modeling of the steel cord. The three-dimensional carpet plots of the cord force distribution within a TBR tire are presented. The carcass-bending curvature is derived from the deformation of the carcass center line. A high-efficiency modeling approach for layered multistrand cord structures has been developed that uses cord design variables such as lay angle, lay length, and radius of the strand center line as input. Several types of steel cord have been modeled using the developed method as an example. The pure tension for two cords and the combined tension bending under various loading conditions relevant to tire deformation have been simulated by a finite element analysis (FEA). Good agreement has been found between experimental and FEA-determined tension force-displacement curves, and the characteristic structural and plastic deformation phases have been revealed by the FE simulation. Furthermore, some interesting local stress and deformation patterns under combined tension and bending are found that have not been previously reported. In addition, an experimental cord force measurement approach is included in this article.

Three-dimensional Force Perception of Robotic Bipolar Forceps for Brain Tumor Resection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Heng Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Gui-Bin Bian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Force Perception ◽  
Brain Tumor Resection

Abstract Three-dimensional force perception is critically important in the enhancement of human force perception to minimize brain injuries resulting from excessive forces applied by surgical instruments in robot-assisted brain tumor resection. And surgeons are not responsive enough to interpret tool-tissue interaction forces. In previous studies, various force measurement techniques have been published. In neurosurgical scenarios, there are still some drawbacks to these presented approaches to forces perception. Because of the narrow, and slim configuration of bipolar forceps, three-dimensional contact forces on forceps tips is not easy to be traced in real-time. Five fundamental acts of handling bipolar forceps are poking, opposing, pressing, opening, and closing. The first three acts independently correspond to the axial force of z, x, y. So, in this paper, typical interactions between bipolar forceps and brain tissues have been analyzed. A three-dimensional force perception technique to collect force data on bipolar forceps tips by installing three Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGs) on each prong of bipolar forceps in real-time is proposed. Experiments using a tele-neurosurgical robot were performed on an in-vitro pig brain. In the experiments, three-dimensional forces were tracked in real-time. It is possible to experience forces at a minimum of 0.01 N. The three-dimensional force perception range is 0-4 N. The calibrating resolution on x, y, and z, is 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 N, separately. According to our observation, the measurement accuracy precision is over 95%.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Force Measurement and Control of a Flux-Path Control Magnetic Suspension

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munehiro FURUTACHI ◽  
Shunsuke INABA ◽  
Yuji ISHINO ◽  
Masaya TAKASAKI ◽  
Takeshi MIZUNO
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Path Control ◽  
Flux Path ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Measurement of Skier-Generated Forces during Roller-Ski Skating

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn M. Street ◽  
Edward C. Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Force Transducers ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Force Measurement System

This paper describes a system that was developed to measure ski pole and roller-ski reaction forces in three dimensions during roller-ski skating. Uni-axial force transducers mounted in the right and left ski poles measure axial loading of the poles. Six transducers in one roller-ski measure biaxial loads beneath the foot. A remote computer stores the amplified transducer signals transmitted from the skier through 100 m cables. Three-dimensional video-graphy determines the orientations of the poles and roller-ski in order to resolve the resultant poling and skating forces into three components. Calibration data suggest that the resolution of the force measurement system is ±3 to 9% of the actual poling and skating forces, respectively. Sample data are presented from a VI skating trial during roller-skiing. These data provide the first glimpse at the major functions of the upper and lower body during roller-ski skating and show how the tool could be used to examine the size and effectiveness of skier-generated forces.

PRECISE ANALYSIS OF OPTICALLY TRAPPED PARTICLE POSITION AND INTERACTION FORCES IN THE VICINITY OF AN INTERFACE

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
JUN-ICHI HOTTA ◽  
HIDEHISA TAKASAKI ◽  
HIDEKI FUJIWARA ◽  
KEIJI SASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Position Sensing ◽  
Particle Position ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Optically Trapped

We report precise analysis of particle position while optically manipulating a particle in solution. Three-dimensional position sensing system, which we developed for measuring femto-Newton force upon a single particle, was used to detect particle position in nanometer resolution. A laser trapping system and a total internal reflection microscope are combined. During manipulation of a microparticle in the vicinity of an interface, the position of the particle behaves as stepwise transition. The spacing of the stable position is coincident with the half wavelength of the trapping laser beam, so that we conclude the surface reflection from the interface causes the stepwise transition. The force measurement is based on a thermodynamic analysis of Brownian motion, and this system can be applied to measure the force onto a single nanoparticle.

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