scholarly journals Kinematic analysis of the kick start from OSB12

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Ivan Matúš ◽  
Róbert Kandráč
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Entry Angle ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Flight Phase ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Takeoff Angle

Introduction: Start performance in swimming plays a major role in determining the final standings, especially in sprint races. The purpose of the study was to determine kinematic parameters underlying the kick start from OSB12 in terms of the kick plate position and shoulder positioning at the start. Material and methods: The sample included 8 non-randomly recruited performance-level swimmers whose average age, body height, and body weight was 17.4 ± 1.8 years, 182.2 ± 3.4 cm and 81.00 ± 3.9 kg, respectively. To measure the kinematic parameters, we used the SwimPro camera system. The parameter rs measured included angular parameters and kinematic parameters for each of the start phases: block phase, flight phase, and water phase. We processed the collected biomechanical data using the Statistica 12.0 software. To determine significant differences between the kick plate positions in three types of start, we applied the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: We found significant differences (p<0.05) in the selected kinematic parameters in all phases, which depended on the OSB12 kick plate position and basic starting position (front-, neutral-, and rear-weighted). The greatest differences in the parameters measured were found between the front-weighted start and rear-weighted start. We may conclude that performance-level swimmers should adjust the rear kick plate to positions 3 and 4 and assume the following starting position: front knee angle between 131° and 133°, rear knee angle around 80°, and trunk angle between 40° and 41°. This starting position affects the flight phase, namely takeoff angle (40⁰-41⁰), head position at takeoff (1.33-1.38 m), flight time and distance (0.346-0.368 s; 2.74-2.79 m), entry angle (38⁰). The starting position also affects the glide phase, namely the glide time and distance (0.532-0.536 s; 2.22-2.26 m) and maximum depth (-0.91-0.92 m). Conclusions: The results of the study show that swimmers produced shorter times to 5 meters and higher velocity at 5 meters compared with other starting positions and OSB12 kick plate positions.

scholarly journals Key Parameters Affecting Kick Start Performance in Competitive Swimming

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11909
Author(s):  
Ivan Matúš ◽  
Pavel Ružbarský ◽  
Bibiana Vadašová
Keyword(s):  
Knee Angle ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Flight Phase ◽  
Ankle Angle ◽  
Block Time ◽  
Key Block ◽  
Takeoff Angle ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

The study aims to determine the contribution of kinematic parameters to time to 5 m without underwater undulating and kicking. Eighteen male competitive swimmers started from three weighted positions and set the kick plate to positions 1–5. We used SwimPro cameras and the Dartfish© software. In the on-block phase, we found significant correlations (p < 0.01) between the front ankle angle and block time. The correlations between start phases were statistically significant (p < 0.01) between block time and rear ankle angle, respectively, to time to 2 m; rear knee angle and glide time; block time and time to 5 m; time to 2 m and time to 5 m; and flight distance and glide distance. The multiple regression analysis showed that the on-block phase and flight phase parameters, respectively, contributed 64% and 65% to the time to 5 m. The key block phase parameters included block time and rear knee angle. The key flight phase parameters determining time to 5 m included take-off angle and time to 2 m. The key parameters determining the performance to 5 m during the above-water phase include rear knee angle, block time, takeoff angle, and time to 2 m.

A control strategy for the execution of explosive movements from varying starting positions

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1390-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Van Soest ◽  
M. F. Bobbert ◽  
G. J. Van Ingen Schenau
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Stimulation Pattern

1. Humans can execute explosive movements such as jumping and hitting an object irrespective of the starting position from which these movements have to be initiated; in fact, variability of kinematic parameters has been shown to decrease in the course of the movement. 2. We address the question of whether it is necessary to adapt the stimulation pattern of the muscles to such variations in starting position or whether the stabilizing effect of intrinsic muscle properties is such that one single muscle stimulation pattern might be used for a wide range of starting positions. 3. Specifically, we address this question for maximum-height human vertical squat jumping, using an approach based on mathematical modeling and computer simulation. The stimulation pattern of the muscles is the input of the model and the resulting movement is the output. 4. The optimal stimulation pattern for a starting position in the middle of the range of starting positions considered does not lead to adequate performance for other starting positions in that range. 5. However, a muscle stimulation pattern can be found that does result in close to optimal achievement for a wide range of starting positions. This muscle stimulation pattern, which is not optimal for any specific starting position, may be considered as "control that works" as opposed to "optimal control." 6. The latter muscle stimulation pattern also leads to adequate behavior for "new" starting positions both within and outside the range considered.

scholarly journals KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF JUMP SHOT IN ELITE MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Emilija Stojanović ◽  
Marko Radenković ◽  
Saša Bubanj ◽  
Ratko Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Angle

The primary aim of this study was to determine kinematic parameters of jump shot in elite male basketball players, by analyzing the release time for shooting, the angle of entry, and ball spin and. The secondary aim of this study was to examine possible differences in these kinematic parameters among the players associated with their playing position. Eighteen male basketball players (7 guards, 8 forwards, 3 centers) from six Serbian senior teams were tested. 94Fifty basketball sensor was used to obtain the following kinematic parameters of jump shot). The highest average measured values of shot release time were found in centres (1.23±0.23 s) and the lowest in guards (1.07±0.28 s), although these differences were not statistically significant. Further, centres had a lower angle of entry (36.6±2.08°) than guards (40.54±4.76°) and forwards (42.05±3.77°). The highest value of backspin was obtained by forwards (130±11.91 rotations / min). There were no significant differences between guards, forwards and centers in any kinematic variables (p>.01). The relationship between the body height and angle of entry was not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, compared to centers, guards and forwards showed similar results for the examined variables. This evidence seems to support the theory that compared to guards and forwards centres have the weaker shooting techniques. Coaches should encourage all players, especially centers, to shoot from all positions.

scholarly journals Choice of Pole and Ski Lengths Among Elite Cross-Country Skiers: The Influence of Sex and Performance Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Øyvind Torvik ◽  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Øyvind Sandbakk
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Performance

Cross-country (XC) skiers employ whole-body exercise to generate speed through poles and skis. The choice of optimal pole and ski lengths are therefore of high importance. The aim of this study was to document pole and ski lengths among elite male and female cross-country skiers in the classical and skating styles and to investigate sex differences in body-height-normalized pole and ski lengths. Our secondary purpose was to correlate body-height-normalized pole and ski lengths with performance level within both sexes. In total, Norwegian men and women (n = 87 and 36, respectively), participating in the Norwegian XC championship 2020, were investigated. Most athletes used poles close to the length allowed by the International Ski Federation (FIS) in the classical style among both sexes, with men using slightly longer poles than women (p &lt; 0.05). Body-height-normalized pole lengths in skating were similar in men and women (around 90% of body height). Women used relatively longer ski lengths than men in both styles (p &lt; 0.05). Women showed moderate correlations (r = 0.43, p &lt; 0.05) between body-height-normalized pole lengths and sprint performance. Male and female cross-country skiers use as long classical ski poles as possible within the current regulations, while they use skating poles similar to recommendations given by the industry. The fact that men use longer body-height-normalized poles than women, where there is a correlation between pole length and sprint performance, indicate that faster women are able to better utilize the potential of using longer poles when double-poling. However, while women use relatively longer skis than men, no correlation with performance occurred for any of the sexes.

The Design and Realization of a Spectrum Acquisition Unit Based on the MSP430F149 MCU

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Jun Jun Song ◽  
Bin Ren ◽  
Song Lei
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Spectrum Analyzer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Communication Quality ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
Frequency Monitoring ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Signal Monitoring

In the field of satellite communications, spectrum analyzer is one of the primary means of frequency monitoring, and it plays an important role in ensuring communication quality. According to the principle of the superheterodyne spectrum analyzer, the design and realization of a spectrum acquisition unit based on MSP430F149 MCU is given in this paper. Comparing the test results with those of the Agilent N9020 spectrum analyzer, the comparison shows that in the intermediate frequency signal monitoring, the spectrum analyzer designed in this paper has reached the current performance level of the mainstream spectrum analyzer.

Dynamic Damage of Aircraft Wing Leading Edge Impacted by Birds

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jun
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Laser Velocity ◽  
Certification Requirements ◽  
Structure Configuration

In order to verify the preliminary design of Aircraft Wing Leading Edge structures to bird impacting loads. The tests of bird impacting on Wing Leading Edge structure configurations were carried out using the relevant experimental facility. The impacting velocity was measured by laser velocity finder. The structure configuration was impacted by bird on three points and the whole process of dynamic deformation and damage on bird and Wing Leading Edge structure were recorded using high speed camera system. The test results showed that the leading edge slat was weak in anti-bird impacting and can not satisfy the airworthiness certification requirements. At the meantime the test results provid abundant experimental validation datas for the numerical simulation model applied in birds impacting.

scholarly journals Reliabilitas Kaliper Tinggi Lutut dalam Penentuan Tinggi Badan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Triya Ulva Kusuma ◽  
Ali Rosidi
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Nutritional Science ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
R Value

This study was conducted with the aim to test the reliability of knee height calliper which is then used to determine body height. The design of this research was observational with cross sectional approach with 22 subjects from Nutritional Science Master of Diponegoro University 2017 students. The measurement of height was done by microtoise, while knee height measurement was done by knee height calliper which then converted with chumlea formula. The reliability of knee height calliper and microtoise are tested by the test-retest method and the Pearson-Product Moment correlation technique. The reliability test results of knee height calliper and microtoise showed each r value is 0.991 and 0.099. These results showed that knee height calliper and microtoise are equally reliable used to determine body height.

Effects of age, body height and body mass on EUROFIT test results in short-statured girls

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (-1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Milde ◽  
Paweł Tomaszewski ◽  
Edyta Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza ◽  
Ryszard Przewęda
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Test Results

Discussion on Drift Limit of Fully Operational Performance Level for RC Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 1175-1179
Author(s):  
Zi Xiong Guo ◽  
Qun Xian Huang ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Performance Based Seismic Design ◽  
Drift Limit

In accordance with the philosophy of performance based seismic design (PBSD), the fully operational performance level (or service performance level) for frequently occurring earthquakes and the criteria for determining its allowable drift indices is discussed in this paper. To determine the allowable drift limits of the service performance level for frequently occurring earthquake, it is important that not only the degree of damage of nonstructural members but also the degree of cracking in structural components should be controlled. Based on an analysis of test results and calculation results, a series of allowable drift index limits that conform to the fully operational performance level of RC structures are presented.

scholarly journals The Explosive Power And Speed Abilities Of Lower Extremities Of Young Basketball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gallová ◽  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický ◽  
Kestutis Matulaitis ◽  
Mitja Bračič
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Explosive Power

SummaryThe authors compared selected somatic data and test results in 20 m sprint and countermovement jump (CJM) of 14-year-old Lithuanian players from Sabonis Center (LT, n=143; body height: 173.7 ± 8.99 cm; body mass: 59.30 ± 11.40 kg), and Slovenian (SLO, n=84; body height: 172.8 ± 9.96 cm; body mass: 60.10 ± 12.49 kg) and Slovak national team players (SVK, n=42, body height: 177.5 ± 9.07 cm; body mass: 63.32 ± 11.36 kg). The SVK players were divided into the narrow pick (A-team, n=16) and broader roster (B-team, n=26). Within the SVK groups, significant differences between the A-team and B-team have been found in terms of body height (p<0.05) and body mass measurements (p<0.01), and in the test 20 m sprint (p<0.05). In CMJ results, the differences of the A-team and B-team have not been statistically significant. In the international comparison SVK players were taller than SLO and LT players (p <0.05). In the test 20 m sprint SVK players have achieved significantly better results (LT p <0.05, SLO p <0.01). On the contrary, in CMJ test the results (height of the jump) of SVK players were significantly worse than SLO and LT players (p<0.01).

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