The Philosophical Lineage of Mr. Cogito (part 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Halina Kozdęba-Murray
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Immortal Soul ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Lyrical Subject ◽  
Title Character

The article constitutes the second part of a larger paper concerning the philosophical heritage of Mr. Cogito, the lyrical subject of Zbigniew Herbert’s poems. The self-consciousness of the title character is formed, quite like in P. Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of existence, in relation to the sphere of history and culture, as well as to the other. Mr. Cogito, when confronted with the war and annihilation, cannot simply use the Cartesian deductive method of reasoning in order to intelligibly prove the existence of God and an immortal soul. Therefore, he refers in his philosophical thinking not merely to rationalism, but also to symbol, which more profoundly than ratio describes the nature of his existence. When challenged by boundary situations, he unsuccessfully attempts to find consolation in the Upanishads, Stoicism, or the wisdom of Chasidism. His attitude towards the modern philosophy of nature as well as to the relative motion theory is that of a sceptic; he juxtaposes them with Aristotle’s Logic. The propensity of contemporary Western civilization to follow magic or gnosis is perceived by him as a sign of self-delusion, or even self-destruction.

scholarly journals Modernist and Fundamentalist Debates in Islam

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Ahmed Afzaal
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Islamic Modernism

The two editors of this volume have successfully pooled their expertise insociology, politics, and modern Islam to bring together a cogent and wellorganizedreader of key texts depicting the self-statements of what maybe tentatively called Islamic “modernism” and “fundamentalism.” Theselection of 34 articles and treatises (18 on modernism, 16 on fundamentalism)is preceded by a scholarly introduction that also contains shortbiographies of the writers represented in this volume.For the purpose of organizing this anthology, the editors chose tohighlight what they describe as two “episodes” in modern Islam: thepowerful wave of Islamic modernism that arose in the last quarter of thenineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth centuries, and the perhapsmore powerful wave of Islamic fundamentalism that arose from the1930s onward. This semi-chronological division of two sociocultural andideological waves is to be taken not as a representation of rigid categories,but merely as an heuristic devise meant to focus the reader’sattention on the contrasts and differences between them. The editors areaware that the designations “modernism” and “fundamentalism” areideal types, that the distinction between them begins to weaken as oneclosely examines their particular and concrete manifestations, and thatone type may develop traits or characteristics of the other, given appropriatesocial circumstances.As ideal types, however, the editors believe that Islamic modernismand fundamentalism may be identified on the basis of positions taken byspecific intellectuals or ideologues on five central and “historically significant”issues: jurisprudence, politics, western civilization, gender, andlifestyle. Consequently, these are the categories according to which they ...

Das Nahe und das Ferne, das Einzelne und das Allgemeine, das Zeitliche und das Ewige. Über die Grundpolarität in Jaspers Denken

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
Anton Hügli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Sides

Karl Jaspers received the basic figure of his thinking from Kierkegaard: that of the self-caring subjective thinker who, by relating himself to himself, re- lates to another. The two moments that make up this basic figure – my rela- tionship with myself and the other on which this relationship is based – run through Jaspers’ entire thinking: be it as the individual versus the general, as the present versus the Eternal, as the near One versus the distant One, as existence versus transcendence. It is man’s job to endure the tension between these two poles and to in- tegrate them into his life. This task can only be solved existentially, but it is understood correctly only through philosophical thinking. Because the two poles are beyond all knowledge and can only be illuminated by philosophical thought, but never caught up conceptually, each individual is called upon to choose freely what he believes in and “which star he wants to bind himself to”. It is this incessant process of making oneself sure of oneself and of the encompassing being that, according to Jaspers, defines philosophy as philoso- phia perennis and yet always ties it back to the historical situation in which the individual thinker finds himself and tries to find out what is true to him in the eternal sense. These two sides in Jaspers’ philosophy – his understanding of philosophy as philosophia perennis and his insistence on the respective his- torical situation – are therefore only two aspects of the basic polarity of his thinking.

scholarly journals POETICS OF LIFELOGGING: ON INTERSUBJECT FORMS OF UTTERANCE IN IGOR KHOLIN’S POEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Aleksei S. Bokarev ◽  
◽  
Yulia V. Tkachuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Metaphor ◽  
Lyrical Subject

The article is addressed to the consideration of the subject organization of lyrics by I. Kholin, a representative of the Lianozovo literary group, who became widely known as the author of the book of poems “Residents of the Barack”. Already in the presented, debut for the poet, composition there were outlined the types of speech widely presented to him, in which the subject is likened to a life-log camera, and the focus of attention is shifted from “Self” to “you”, from internal to external to the speaking world. The term “life-logging”, meaning the automatic fixation of a person's life using a video medium fixed to the body, is used in the article as a literary metaphor, “highlighting” the difficulty of personal speaking and self-expression of the protagonist. However, just as the environment of a life logger who does not fall into his own lens gives him a sufficient (if not exhaustive) idea, the life realities in the subject's field of view can tell about his inner world no less than he by himself. The analysis of a number of poems (the most detailed is considered “Fences. Garbage cans. Posters. Advertising”) allows you to demonstrate the intersubjective nature of life-logic “optics”. The latter is used by Kholin in three different forms: as the “dissolution” of the speaker in the text, as the construction of the statement on behalf of the syncretic subject and as the priority of the “other” over the “self” when creating the verbal “self-portrait” of the hero. The impossibility of distancing from hostile reality, but also the inadequacy of selfdetermination in its conditions, testify to the formation of a kenotic model of the artist's relationship with reality. In Kholin's poetry, the lyrical subject is not only a detached viewer, but also a protagonist who fully shares his sins and suffering with the world.

Providing Freshmen with a Good “Starting-Block”

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Adjustment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Intention To Persist

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

Human Relationships: The Self and the Other in Beckett’s Trilogy

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Relationships

The Self of the Other: Contemporary German Scholarship on Trans-, Inter-, and Multiculturalism

Monatshefte ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol XCVII (4) ◽  
pp. 679-696
Author(s):  
B. V. Mani
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document