scholarly journals Researching the Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Methodology and Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Law ◽  
Intellectual Commons

The purpose of this chapter is to outline the methodology of the author’s research that aims to identify the contemporary manifestations of commonification in the circulation of social value and, thus, grasp the actual formations of the intellectual commons, both offline and online, in the current socio-historical context. This research decrypts the generation, circulation, pooling together and redistribution of social value observed in the intellectual commons communities of the research sample, with the aim of showing the importance of the intellectual commons for social reproduction. This chapter sets out the methodological bases and the design of the research in three sections. The first of these spells out the methodological orientation of the research. The second unveils the design of the research. The third describes the coding process followed in relation to data collected from eight Greek intellectual commons communities, which constitute the sample of the current research. Overall, this chapter lays down the methodological foundations of the research and the framework to used elicit the research findings and conclusions exhibited in the following chapters and thus supports its overall normative argumentation that the intellectual commons have significant moral value, which justifies their independent protection and promotion by the law.

scholarly journals The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Conclusions on Commons-Based Value

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intellectual Commons ◽  
Value Crisis ◽  
First Offers

Elaborating on key findings of previous chapters this chapter proposes more abstract statements on commons-based value, its sources, forms and mode of circulation and, finally, the value crisis challenging the interrelation between intellectual commons and capital. It is structured into the five following sections. The first offers a working definition of commons-based value in accordance with the findings of the research. The second determines productive communal activity as the source of commons-based value. The third analyses the forms of commons-based value. The fourth sketches out the basic characteristics of the mode of commons-based value circulation. The fifth and final substantive section examines the crises of value encountered in the sphere of the intellectual commons. Overall, this chapter offers a social theory of commons-based value circulation with normative dimensions in respect of the morality of the intellectual commons. With empirical data it confirms the presence of an alternative proto-mode of value circulation based on the intellectual commons, which supports the reproduction of the intellectual bases of our societies in dialectical interrelation to the dominant capitalist mode thus thereby rendering commons-based value visible to activists, researchers and policymakers and fuelling practices, policies and laws that might truly unleash their potential.

scholarly journals Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Dimensions of Commons-Based Value

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Intellectual Commons ◽  
Research Show

The book proceeds in this chapter to present extensive elaboration of the research findings on the sequences and circuits of commons-based value within and beyond the communities under examination. Four sections of the chapter offer an analysis of collected research data as a basis to ground findings in relation to each of these four dimensions of commons-based values. The concluding section elicits general findings on the circulation of commons-based value, arising from common characteristics found in all four dimensions. Overall, the findings of the research show that social value within and beyond intellectual commons communities is circulated in specific forms, which can be revealed through social research and depicted in general formulae. The key finding of the chapter is that commons-based value circulates in the form of economic, social, cultural and political values and these alternative circuits of value have both inherent moral value and are beneficial for society.

Vertical Stratification

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Cantwell ◽  
Simon Marginson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bifurcation Process ◽  
Positional Value

This chapter considers national system stratification in high participation systems (HPS) of higher education. As demand for higher education increases, the social value of places within a system becomes more differentiated on a binary basis, between places offering exceptionally high positional value and others offering little value. Three prepositions about stratification are advanced. The first expands on the tendency to system bifurcation in HPS, with a small and elite ‘artisanal’ sector, mostly research-intensive universities, opposed to a larger and undistinguished ‘demand-absorbing’ sector. The second proposition identifies a set of drivers that push the bifurcation process. The third proposition recognizes that bifurcation is always incomplete and focuses on the contradictory dynamics of the ‘middle’ layer of higher education institutions in most HPS. Nationally specific factors that accentuate or limit stratification are identified.

Public managers’ perception of exploitative and explorative innovation: an empirical study in the context of Spanish municipalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085231989468
Author(s):  
Jose M. Barrutia ◽  
Carmen Echebarria
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Network Identification ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
Positive Effect

This article studies the contribution of exploitative and explorative innovation to the perceptions of economic and social value of local authorities in charge of sustainability-related innovation. The model proposed is tested capturing the perceptions of 656 local authorities. The research findings contribute evidence of complex linkages between innovation forms (i.e. exploitative and explorative) and facets of perceived value. Overall, the link between the perceptions of both forms of innovation and economic value fits March’s (1991) view. A positive effect of both exploitative and explorative innovation on economic value is found, coupled with a negative interaction effect. The influence of exploitative innovation is stronger than that of explorative innovation. However, this is only part of the story. We also consider the link between exploitative/explorative innovation and one additional facet of value: social value (in the form of network identification). The roles of both predictors are virtually opposite: identification is mostly explained by explorative innovation, rather than exploitative innovation. The social value dimension considered in this research adds an explanation as to why public organisations may focus on exploration or combine both exploitation and exploration. Points for practitioners • Public managers may focus on exploitative innovation (when economic value considerations are dominant) and on explorative innovation (when social value thinking prevails), or combine both activities. • Network promoters should not assume that public managers favour exploitative innovation over explorative innovation.

Social Reproduction of Religiosity in the Immigrant Context: The Role of Family Transmission and Family Formation — Evidence from France

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Soehl
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Homogamy ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
The Social

This paper compares two aspects of the social reproduction of religion: parent-to-child transmission, and religious homogamy. Analysis of a survey of immigrants in France shows that for parent-to-child transmission, immigrant status/generation is not the central variable — rather, variation is across religions with Muslim families showing high continuity. Immigrant status/generation does directly matter for partner choice. In Christian and Muslim families alike, religious in-partnering significantly declines in the second generation. In turn, the offspring of religiously non-homogamous families is less religious. For Muslim immigrants this points to the possibility of a non-trivial decline in religiosity in the third generation.

Review of Locke: A Biography by Roger Woolhouse

Locke Studies ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Vere Chappell
Keyword(s):  
John Milton ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Activities

This is only the third full-scale biography of Locke to be published in the 300 years since his death in 1704. At least two others, however, are said to be in the works: one by Mark Goldie, the other by John Milton, both eminent Locke scholars. It is true that both of these projects are described on their authors’ web sites as ‘intellectual’ biographies, but the range of writings on Locke that both have already published suggests that their focus will be no more limited than Woolhouse’s is in his ‘Biography’. Woolhouse gives full accounts of Locke’s non-intellectual activities and of the social and historical context within which he worked. But he also pays a lot of attention to his subject’s intellectual development and accomplishment.

Free Innovation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric von Hippel
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Collective Impact ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Discretionary Time ◽  
Grassroots Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Utility ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
National Economies

This book integrates new theory and research findings into the framework of a “free innovation paradigm.” Free innovation, as the book defines it, involves innovations developed by consumers who are self-rewarded for their efforts, and who give their designs away “for free.” It is an inherently simple grassroots innovation process, unencumbered by compensated transactions and intellectual property rights. Free innovation is already widespread in national economies and is steadily increasing in both scale and scope. Today, tens of millions of consumers are collectively spending tens of billions of dollars annually on innovation development. However, because free innovations are developed during consumers' unpaid, discretionary time and are given away rather than sold, their collective impact and value have until very recently been hidden from view. This has caused researchers, governments, and firms to focus too much on the Schumpeterian idea of innovation as a producer-dominated activity. Free innovation has both advantages and drawbacks. Because free innovators are self-rewarded by such factors as personal utility, learning, and fun, they often pioneer new areas before producers see commercial potential. At the same time, because they give away their innovations, free innovators generally have very little incentive to invest in diffusing what they create, which reduces the social value of their efforts. The best solution, this book argues, is a division of labor between free innovators and producers, enabling each to do what they do best. The result will be both increased producer profits and increased social welfare—a gain for all.

scholarly journals SOCIAL VALUES IN ANANTA TOER’S NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Feny Aisyah ◽  
M. Manugeren ◽  
Purwarno Purwarno
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social

This research focused on the types of social values reflected in Ananta Toer’s novel entitled Bumi Manusia. This novel successfully describes not only the cultural revolution in a colonized country but also an objection against the absolute supremacy of cultural and social values. The research was aimed at revealing the kinds of social values in the novel. The data were in the forms of sentences, paragraphs and dialogues referring to social values such as positive and negative social values. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with content analysis technique that is by analyzing the letters, words, sentences and verses that can explain some social values in this novel. Based on the research finding and discussion, as well as the theory of social values proposed by Notonegoro (2014), the social values are divided into Value of truth, Aesthetic value, Moral value and Religious value. The results show that there are four types of social value in the novel, i.e. Value of truth (Justice), Aesthetic value (love), Moral value (encouraging kinship and politeness) and Religious value (patience and faith).

scholarly journals SADOMASOCHISTS UNSHACKLED?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Leader-Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

This article provides a response to the article in this volume entitled ‘Is Society Still Shackled with the Chains of a 1993 England?: Consent, Sado-masochism and R v Brown’ by Jordan Moulds. It takes issue with the primary article’s claims that consensual infliction of pain and physical harm is now acceptable and may even possess some social value as recreation. It offers three reflections on the topic of criminal liability for consensual harms. The first has to do with the absence of principle in the South Australian legislative developments. The second casts doubt on the cogency of the primary article’s enquiries into the social utility or benefit of sadomasochism. The third draws attention to another peculiarity of South Australian criminal law, which arises because of the fact that the CLCA offences against the person do not include an offence of causing harm by negligence.

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