PROTAGONIST’S ROUND CHARACTERS IN JOHN GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER TOWNS

This research was aimed at seeing the protagonist's characters portrayed in the novel Paper Towns by John Green. The research applied the theory of Flat and Round Character proposed by E. M. Forster (1993). This research follows qualitative descriptive method proposed by Creswell (2003), an effective model that occurs in a natural setting that enables the researcher to develop a level of detail from being highly involved in the actual experiences. The result of the analysis shows that the significant protagonist's characters in the novel are distinctive self-disclosure, great ambition and affection. All the distinctive characters drive the protagonist to break the string with the people around her and bring a conflict with her parents.

SOCIAL VALUES IN ANANTA TOER’S NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA

This research focused on the types of social values reflected in Ananta Toer’s novel entitled Bumi Manusia. This novel successfully describes not only the cultural revolution in a colonized country but also an objection against the absolute supremacy of cultural and social values. The research was aimed at revealing the kinds of social values in the novel. The data were in the forms of sentences, paragraphs and dialogues referring to social values such as positive and negative social values. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with content analysis technique that is by analyzing the letters, words, sentences and verses that can explain some social values in this novel. Based on the research finding and discussion, as well as the theory of social values proposed by Notonegoro (2014), the social values are divided into Value of truth, Aesthetic value, Moral value and Religious value. The results show that there are four types of social value in the novel, i.e. Value of truth (Justice), Aesthetic value (love), Moral value (encouraging kinship and politeness) and Religious value (patience and faith).

LOCAL WISDOM OF NIAS TRADITION ORAHU

Orahu is a tradition of deliberation which is well known in the life system of the people of South Nias, especially in the areas of Maniamölö, Onolalu, To'ene and Mazinö. Orahu is carried out in every important activity in the community, for example discussing problems related to the village, death events, weddings, Fa'ulu and Mambu Ana'a parties (ceremony to increase social status or traditional parties) and others. Orahu to a large extent is called Orahua Mbanua, and is usually performed at Ewali Sawolo or Ewali Orahua (the courtyard in front of the house of the most influential nobleman or Balö Ji'ulu). The Orahua Mbanua was followed by the Si'ulu (nobles), Si'ila (traditional leaders) and Ono Mbanua (the whole community). This research was aimed at describing as well as revealing the local wisdoms of Orahu. This research applied qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study were collected using interview techniques and literature study. The research results shows that Orahu tradition emphasizes on the solidarity and wise decision taking which become a very important aspect in the life system of Nias people. It was in this open forum that all village problems were discussed, and decided how to handle them. In ancient times, Orahu was also used as a trial and for determining punishment for violators of village customs. Orahu is usually done at the bale (village meeting hall), but to a lesser extent, it can also be carried out at home.

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE PROTAGONIST’S WORRY IN DANIELLE STEEL’S NOVEL FAMILY TIES

This research analyses the causes and effects of the protagonist’s worry in Danielle Steel’s novel Family Ties, a story of woman, Annie Ferguson, who must become a mother in her bachelorette. She always worries about the future of her sister’s children. This research applied the theory of worry proposed by Graham (2006), who said that worry is “prominent feature of most anxiety-based disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder“. The research is completed by using descriptive qualitative method in which the finding is presented in the form of description. The data of this study is obtained from the novel Family Ties by Danielle Steel. The analysis finds that the dominant causes of the protagonist’s worry come from her nephews’ life which affects her life negatively. The effects of her worry will be a lesson for human life because every human being certainly has worry feeling in their life in certain situations.

THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLE ON THE PROTAGONIST’S BEHAVIOR IN TODDPHILLIPS’ MOVIE JOKER

The research focuses on the influence of parenting style on the protagonist’s behavior in Todd Phillips’ movie Joker. Arthur as the protagonist in the movie is a man who suffers from mental illness which then transforms him to be a mastermind of criminal because of parenting mistake. The theory adopted in this research is proposed by Baumrind, who classifies parenting style into four broad categories: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful styles. This research adopts descriptive qualitative method and the data are collected from the movie script. The finding reveals that authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles lead a person to become rebellious, adopting problematic behavior and mastermind of criminal and disregarded by a society. The worst effect of parenting mistakes is that the protagonist transforms himself to be a psychopath.

SIMILE USED IN LENKA’S SONG EVERYTHING AT ONCE

The research was related to figurative language but the researchers focused on simile, aimed at identifying the dominant type of simile used based on the theory put forward by Kennedy and Giola. Simile is a comparison of one thing to another which is always listed because the words "like" or as are used. Simile is also commonly used in song lyrics and this is referred to as the object of the research, that is the song lyrics taken by Lenka’s song Everything at Once. The researchers take this song because all the lyrics are full of similes, from the beginning to the end of the song. Qualitative content analysis as the use of replicable and valid methods to make specific inferences from the text to other circumstances or properties of the source under the Descriptive Qualitative Approach, pioneered by Krippendorff is applied here. The results show that there are two types of simile in this song and the dominant types used in this song is close simile.

PHILOSOPHICAL MEANINGS OF TRADITIONAL CUISINE RENDANG MINANGKABAU AS A CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDONESIA

This research is related to the philosophical meanings of traditional cuisine Rendang Minangkabau as a cultural heritage of Indonesia. The research is conducted by means qualitative descriptive. The theory used is taken from the philosophy. Philosophy is the mother of all the sciences that have material objects and formal objects, objects the material is the mind while the object formal philosophy of science is truth, goodness and beauty in a manner dialogue. (Syafiie, 2010). This study explained the meanings of the philosophy in Rendang Minangkabau cuisine. Rendang is revered in Minangkabau culture as an embodiment of the philosophy of musyawarah, discussion and consultation with elders. The results show there are four meanings in each of the ingredients Rendang Minangkabau: Meat (dagiang) symbolizes Niniak Mamak (paman) and Bundo Kanduang (ibu) refers to the traditional clan leaders (respect for the parents). The coconut milk (karambia) symbolizes the Cadiak Pandai refers to the intellectuals (learning). The chilli (lado) symbolizes Alim Ulama refers to the religious leaders (uplifting Islamic laws). The spice mixture (pemasak) symbolizes the rest of Minangkabau society refers to the each individual (unity). This philosophy was indeed made to maintain the integrity of the Minang community in West Sumatra and also as a cultural heritage of Indonesia.

CONDUCT DISORDER IN CROWDSTROIA’S NOVEL ARKAIS

This study aimed to find out and describe the sign of conduct disorder reflected in Crowdstroia’s novel Arkais. Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. A person diagnosed with conduct disorder can be cruel to both people and animals with the use of violence. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The descriptive research attempts to describe, explain and interpret conditions of the present or descriptive research seeks to provide an accurate description of observations of a phenomenon. The study is based on Psychological approach generally, and specifically on ‘Conduct Disorder’. The result showed the causes, the signs and and the traumatic of conduct disorder covering physical violence, aphatetic, and insecurity.

IDEAL MARRIAGE IN HANUM SALSABILA RAIS AND RANGGA ALMAHENDRA’S NOVEL I AM SARAHZA

This study constituted an analysis of an ideal marriage in the novel published in 2018. The significant components of the marriage relationship found in the novel that could be categorized into an ideal marriage were the topics to discuss. One of the significant theories of an ideal marriage used in this study was A Triangular of Love that appears in three significant components: intimacy, passion and commitment that reflected the subjective experience. Intimacy could be considered the warm component because it encompassed the feeling of comfort and tenderness in a relationship. Then, passion consisted of motivational and was considered the hot component, in that it usually included the most intense feeling. Finally, commitment involved deliberate choice to love someone and to maintain that love. It was considered the cold component (Sternberg: 1986). The research was conducted by descriptive qualitative method. The research results showed that the three points of an ideal marriage in the novel, i.e. intimacy, passion, and commitment were clearly reflected by the major characters in the novel.

MORAL VALUES IN MARGONDANG OF ANGKOLA ETHNIC

Margondang belonging to the ethnic of Angkola, becomes an important part of a celebration, especially in a wedding. Traditionally Angkola Ethnic Wedding can be said to be invalid if both families, either from the groom's family or the bride’s do not carry out this Margondang tradition. At the very first glance Margondang is a traditional dance called a tortor having movements as a medium of communication on moral values, intended not only for the bride and groom to live together, but for all the guests and participants present to be more sensitive in carrying out life. Sensitivity here is certainly related to the harmonious relationship among humans and between humans with nature so that prosperous and peaceful life can be obtained. This is the core of the implementation of Margondang tradition. This study aims at analysing the moral values of Margondang, conducted by means of descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection procedures are supported by observation, interview and questionnaire techniques, covering 20 respondents chosen randomly in randomly-selected weddings in Medan. The results show that there are three points of moral value in Margondang: brotherhood, respect and responsibility.