Effects of Supply Chain Bottlenecks on Prices using Textual Analysis

FEDS Notes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3025) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Young ◽  
◽  
Anderson Monken ◽  
Flora Haberkorn ◽  
Eva Van Leemput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Global Demand

After collapsing in the second half of 2020, global demand for goods, as reflected in global trade, has been exceptionally strong and now well exceeds pre-pandemic levels. The sharp bounceback reflects several factors, including an unprecedented amount of global stimulus and the drawdown of excess savings (especially for high-income households).

scholarly journals Exposing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Big Business ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
New Research

As one of the country’s biggest employers and its second largest exporter, the leather sector is big business in Bangladesh. But it is also in crisis. A dramatic decrease in the global demand for leather since COVID-19 has led to the collapse of the supply chain with workers, especially children, bearing the worst of the brunt. As cracks in the industry’s surface widen, new research from the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme shines a light into its hidden corners, revealing examples of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) at almost every turn.

Evaluating the Use of Electronic Door Seals (E-Seals) on Shipping Containers

2012 ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Edward McCormack ◽  
Mark Jensen ◽  
Al Hovde
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Mechanical Seals ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Standards ◽  
Shipping Containers

In this study, electronic door seals (E-seals) are tested on shipping containers that traveled through ports, over borders, and on roadways. The findings show that using RFID devices increases supply chain efficiency and improves the security of containerized cargo movements, particularly when E-seals replace common mechanical seals. Before the benefits of E-seals can be realized, several barriers must be addressed. A lack of frequency standards for E-seals is a major problem, hindering their acceptability for global trade. Routine use of E-seals also requires new processes that may slow their acceptance by the shipping industry. Disposable E-seals, which decrease industry concerns about costs and enforcement agency concerns about security by eliminating the need to recycle E-seals, are not common because they must be manufactured in large quantities to be cost effective. Compatibility with existing highway systems could also promote E-seal acceptance, as containers could be tracked on roadways.

scholarly journals Correction to: Supply Chain Fragmentation and the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel P. Timmer ◽  
Bart Los ◽  
Robert Stehrer ◽  
Gaaitzen J. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trade Elasticity

scholarly journals A Model of an Economic Efficiency Evaluation System of a Maritime Container Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Charłampowicz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Critical Literature

Containerization was one of the catalysts of the globalization processes that took place in the 20th century. Nowadays container shipping is one of the main transport modes in the global economy. The ability to connect distant production centres with consumption centres largely influenced the acceleration of the global trade. Due to the globalization and characteristics of the global trade it is almost impossible to perceive global supply chains without maritime transport. Although the efficiency of the supply chain is a crucial factor of the economic perspective of supply chain management, not much space is devoted to that issue in the literature. The main purpose of this paper is to design and develop a model of an economic efficiency evaluation system of maritime container supply chains. Some general research methods, such as a critical literature review and methods of logical reasoning were used to achieve this goal. Additionally some economic modelling methods were adapted. Thepresented model isdeveloping the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of economic efficiency evaluation of supply chains. Unfortunately this model could not be confronted with real business data due to research limitations.

scholarly journals SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL TRADE AND INDONESIA PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Parlaungan Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Trade Route

The use of the concept of supply chain management in Indonesia based on the data presented is mainly to collaborate with world-class manufacturers in order to participate in global trade, it is still very lacking and not yet this is due to one sub system with another sub-system still running partially and does not have an intact network. From the data above, Indonesia must improve its infrastructure and human resources more in an integrated manner so that it can join in the big wave of global trade because geographically, Indonesia is in a strategic position in the world trade route. The basic weakness is the high cost of logistics which includes transportation costs, warehousing costs, inventory storage costs, customer service costs and logistical administrative costs when compared to other countries in the Asian region. Another disadvantage is that there are still various infrastructure standards such as ports, highways and air and water transportation networks and other supporting infrastructure. The lack of availability of funds for infrastructure programs, unclear infrastructure development priorities, uncertain legal rules, and inadequate law enforcement make Indonesia's ranking still inferior to other ASEAN member countries.

scholarly journals Ecologically Unequal Exchange of Plastic Waste?

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Yikang Bai ◽  
Jennifer Givens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global South ◽  
High Income ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Global North ◽  
Waste Trade

Plastic production has been increasing since mass production of plastics started in the 1950s. As plastic production has continued to rise, so has plastic waste. Meanwhile, international trade in plastic waste has increased as well. The narrative about global trade in plastic waste oftentimes is that the Global North transfers waste to the Global South. However, little is known quantitatively about the extent to which the Global North shifts environmental harms of plastic waste to the Global South. We examine the extent to which global trade in plastic waste provides evidence for ecologically unequal exchange relationships from 2003 to 2013. We then explore whether plastic waste can be a resource for some countries. Specifically, we investigate how trade in plastic waste is associated with level of economic development in high-income countries and non-high-income countries. The findings provide nuanced evidence of ecologically unequal exchange relationships between high-income countries and non-high-income countries in plastic waste trade. The results also indicate that higher plastic waste import is associated with greater economic development in non-high-income countries. This research advances our understanding of the theory of ecologically unequal exchange in the context of international trade in plastic waste.

scholarly journals Reinforcing the Supply Chain of COVID-19 Therapeutics with Expert-Coded Retrosynthetic Software

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfu Lin ◽  
Zirong Zhang ◽  
babak mahjour ◽  
di wang ◽  
rui zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
General Solution ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Global Demand

Supply chains become stressed when demand for essential products increases rapidly in times of crisis. This year, the scourge of coronavirus highlighted the fragility of diverse supply chains, affecting the world’s pipeline of hand sanitizer, 1 toilet paper,2 and pharmaceutical starting materials. 3 Many drug repurposing studies are now underway. 4 If a winning therapeutic emerges, it is unlikely that the existing inventory of the medicine, or even the chemical raw materials needed to synthesize it,5 will be available in the quantities required to satisfy global demand. We show the use of a retrosynthetic artificial intelligence (AI) 6-10 to navigate multiple parallel synthetic sequences, and arrive at plausible alternate reagent supply chains for twelve investigational COVID-19 therapeutics. In many instances, the AI utilizes C–H functionalization logic, 11-13 and we have experimentally validated several syntheses, including a route to the antiviral umifenovir that requires functionalization of six C–H bonds. This general solution to chemical supply chain reinforcement will be useful during global disruptions, such as during a pandemic.

Global Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 1664-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Kshetri ◽  
Nikhilesh Dholakia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Global Digital Divide ◽  
Telecommunications Services

Despite rapidly falling costs of hardware, software and telecommunications services, a wide gap persists between rich and poor nations in terms of their capabilities of accessing, delivering, and exchanging information in digital forms (Carter and Grieco, 2000). According to a report published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 2006, a person in a high-income country was more than 22 times likely to use the Internet than someone in a low-income country (UNCTAD, 2006). The ratios were 29 times for mobile phones and 21 times for fixed phones. An estimate suggested that more than 95% of e-commerce transactions in 2003 were industrialized countries (Tedeschi, 2003). Another estimate suggested that 99.9% of business-to-consumer e-commerce in 2003 took place in the developed regions of North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific (Computer Economics, 2000). This is a form of commercial divide (UN Chronicle, 2003). Another estimate suggests that 80 percent of the global trade in high technology products originates from Europe, the U.S., and Japan (Bowonder, 2001) and 92 % of the patents granted in the world are owned by the members of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Archibugi and Iammarino, 2000). Whereas high-income countries have income 63 times that of low-income countries, the respective ratios are 97 for PCs, 133 for mobile phones, and over 2,100 for Internet hosts (Dholakia and Kshetri, 2003). While reliable data on e-commerce transactions are not available, the ratio is likely to be even higher for e-commerce transactions since e-commerce is virtually non-existent in many developing countries. The pattern indicates that the gap between developed and developing countries is wider for more recent technologies such as PC, mobile phone, and the Internet than for technologies which were introduced earlier. This article provides an assessment of three computer networks that redefine the conventional definition of market value by allowing developing nations and communities (Brooks, 2001) reap the benefits of modern ICTs: Global Trade Point Network (GTPNet) and Little Intelligent Communities (LINCOS).

scholarly journals Creating Social Handprints: Method and Case Study in the Electronic Computer Manufacturing Industry

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Catherine Benoit Norris ◽  
Gregory A. Norris ◽  
Lina Azuero ◽  
John Pflueger
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Electronic Computer ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Organizational

This article introduces a process that can be used by companies to obtain an increasingly precise picture of their supply chain social footprint (negative impacts) and identify potential social handprints (i.e., changes to business as usual that create positive impacts) using social organizational life cycle assessment (SO-LCA). The process was developed to apply to the electronics sector but can be used by companies in any industry. Our case study presents the social footprint of a typical US computer manufacturing company and identifies potential salient social risks and hotspots using generic information about the inputs that are related to a global trade model. The global trade model enables us to map the likely supply chain based on where inputs are usually sourced from by the US electronic computer manufacturing sector. In order to identify material impacts, normalization factors were created and used. Once the material impacts and salient risks are known, it becomes necessary to identify root causes in order to plan actions that will truly make a meaningful change, addressing the issues at stake. The article concludes by establishing a methodology that enables the use of the industry-level impacts and assessment in combination with the organization’s own data to calculate company-specific results.

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