scholarly journals DNA polymorphism, genetic originality and identification of sterlet populations and replacement broodstock (Acipenser ruthenus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
L. V. Komarova ◽  
◽  
A. R. Peleeva ◽  
N. V. Kostitsyna ◽  
A. G. Melnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

DNA polymorphism has been studied, indicators of genetic diversity and genetic originality have been de-termined for three natural populations and three replacement broodstocks of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, Acipenseridae) from the Volga Federal District. In the group of A. ruthenus replacement broodstock, 106 ISSR-PСR markers were identified, and in the group of natural populations, 103 ISSR-PСR markers. The indicators of genetic diversity and the coefficient of genetic originality (CGO) were slightly higher in the group of natural populations. Analysis of genetic structure of natural populations and groups of broodstock herds A. ruthenus showed that the coefficient of genetic differentiation are also slightly higher in the group of natural populations and equal 0,377. As a result of molecular genetic iden-tification, generic and species identification fragments of sterlet DNA were revealed, as well as combina-tions of polymorphic fragments for identification of the studied natural populations and stocks. The data obtained can be used to preserve the gene pool of populations, which is characteristic for a particular re-gion.

scholarly journals Population Genetics and Evolution Analysis Reveal Diversity and Origin of Ammopiptanthus in China.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guai-qiang Chai ◽  
Yizhong Duan ◽  
Peipei Jiao ◽  
Zhongyu Du ◽  
Furen Kang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Nanus ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background：Elucidating and revealing the population genetic structure, genetic diversity and recombination is essential for understanding the evolution and adaptation of species. Ammopiptanthus, which is an endangered survivor from the Tethys in the Tertiary Period, is the only evergreen broadleaf shrub grown in Northwest of China. However, little is known about its genetic diversity and underlying adaptation mechanisms. Results：Here, 111 Ammopiptanthus individuals collected from fifteen natural populations in estern China were analyzed by means of the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (InDels) detected by SLAF-seq, genetic diversity and markers associated with climate and geographical distribution variables were identified. The results of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation revealed that all fifteen populations showed medium genetic diversity, with PIC values ranging from 0.1648 to 0.3081. AMOVA and Fst indicated that a low genetic differentiation existed among populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NX-BG and NMG-DQH of fifteen populations have the highest homology，while the genetic structure analysis revealed that these Ammopiptanthus germplasm accessions were structured primarily along the basis of their geographic collection, and that an extensive admixture occurred in each group. In addition, the genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) and principal component analysis showed that Ammopiptanthus nanus had a more diverse genomic background, and all genetic populations were clearly distinguished, although different degrees of introgression were detected in these groups. Conclusion：Our study could provide guidance to the future design of association studies and the systematic utilization and protection of the genetic variation characterizing the Ammopiptanthus.

scholarly journals SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF ISSR-MARKERS FOR ANALYSIS OF SEPARATE CATTLE POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
О. M. Мaherovska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Pcr Products

The article covers molecular genetic analysis of intermicrosatellite DNA sequences of dairy cattle productivity. Molecular markers based on DNA polymorphism were used for this monitoring. Such markers make it possible to assess quickly the genetic polymorphism of taprin in the herd. Іnsofar as a large number of intermicrosatellite repeats is in the genome of cattle, that increases the probability of detecting polymorphic loci. The ISSR markers selected for the study are based on multiclocus synthesis in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allow an objective study of the breed and interbreed diversity. And it makes possible to assess quickly and accurately genetic diversity for the presence of genes associated with economically useful traits. The purpose of this work is the selection and evaluation of ISSR-markers for the analysis and study of genetic diversity of Ukrainian and imported breeds of dairy cattle. Samples of biological material from representatives of three herds of cattle (Ukrainian Red-and-White spotted dairy, Montbeliard breed and their crossbreeds) were selected for the study by the method of groups-analogues. For the analysis of this material the generally accepted zootechnical methods of studying of a selection material and methods of an estimation of animals on molecular – genetic markers are included. According to standard methods, DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes using a set of reagents "DNA Sorb B". Amplification of total DNA with ISSR primers was performed on a thermal cycler "Tertsyk" ("DNA technology" of the Russian Federation). Electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments was performed in an agarose gel according to conventional methods. The size of the obtained PCR products was detected using a molecular weight marker SM1343. As a result of the study of the biological material of these animals, the obtained ISSR-PCR products were quite heterogeneous. The vast majority of polylocus spectra had clear discrete bands, but there were amplicons without clear discrete bands. Analyzing the results of the study of the genetic structure of animals of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, using primers ISSR-1, ISSR-2, ISSR-3 and ISSR-4, the range of obtained PCR products ranges from 250 bp. up to 3000 bp. The range of amplification products in Montbeliard animals has a smaller range and ranges from 250 bp, respectively. up to 1500 bp.The obtained amplicons for the use of primers ISSR-1 and ISSR-2, ISSR-3 and ISSR-4 in the turf of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy and Montbeliard breeds have sizes from 350 bp to 2000 bp. Having analyzed the information you can determine the distribution of the number and length of DNA fragments using 4 ISSR-markers. The total number of amplified DNA fragments varies depending on the primer from 21 to 106, and their size ranges from 250 BP up to 3000 bp. Based on the analysis of DNA plymorphism, it is possible to assess the heterogeneity of selected populations of cattle. Thus, as a result of studying the genetic structure of animals of two breeds of dairy cattle and their crossbreeds by intermicrosatellite DNA loci, their individual polymorphism was revealed. The amplification products have significant variations depending on the primer used. Primers ISSR-1 and ISSR-2 were the most informative for the analysis of cattle DNA polymorphism.

scholarly journals Reproductive Assurance Maintains Red-Flowered Plants of Lysimachia arvensis in Mediterranean Populations Despite Inbreeding Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Jiménez-López ◽  
Pedro L. Ortiz ◽  
María Talavera ◽  
Montserrat Arista
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
Flower Color Polymorphism

Flower color polymorphism, an infrequent but phylogenetically widespread condition in plants, is captivating because it can only be maintained under a few selective regimes but also because it can drive intra-morph assortative mating and promote speciation. Lysimachia arvensis is a polymorphic species with red or blue flowered morphs. In polymorphic populations, which are mostly Mediterranean, pollinators prefer blue-flowered plants to the red ones, and abiotic factors also favors blue-flowered plants. We hypothesize that the red morph is maintained in Mediterranean areas due to its selfing capacity. We assessed inbreeding depression in both color morphs in two Mediterranean populations and genetic diversity was studied via SSR microsatellites in 20 natural populations. Results showed that only 44–47% of selfed progeny of the red plants reached reproduction while about 72–91% of blue morph progeny did it. Between-morph genetic differentiation was high and the red morph had a lower genetic diversity and a higher inbreeding coefficient, mainly in the Mediterranean. Results suggest that selfing maintaining the red morph in Mediterranean areas despite its inbreeding depression. In addition, genetic differentiation between morphs suggests a low gene flow between them, suggesting reproductive isolation.

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure Analysis of the Natural Populations of Lilium brownii from Guangdong, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-fang Huang ◽  
Mao-xun Yang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xue-ying Zhuang ◽  
Xue-hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations

Genetic differentiation of regional populations of the widespread Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans), as revealed by development of novel microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
T. Pan ◽  
P. Yan ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
I. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Bufo Gargarizans ◽  
Toad Bufo

Dispersal is a key component of a species’ life history, by influencing population persistence, genetic structure, adaptation and maintenance of genetic diversity. The Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) is a widespread species in east Asia. However, we still have no knowledge of what kind of geographical scale equates to genetic differentiation within B. gargarizans. In this study, the population genetics of B. gargarizans was studied at five localities, with the Yangtze River running through the sampling area, in order to detect the level of genetic differentiation and the natural barriers to the species’ dispersal on a small geographic scale, by means of the development and use of novel microsatellite loci. These markers revealed a relatively high level of genetic diversity. Distinct genetic structure among populations in B. gargarizans was observed, as described by genetic distance, AMOVA, PCA and Geneland results. A weak but significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. The combination of these findings suggests that the Yangtze River and geographic distance may act as effective barriers for B. gargarizans. These results serve as benchmark data for understanding the impacts of dispersal barriers and continued landscape research on B. gargarizans.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in portuguese native Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera and ssp. sylvestris

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S54-S56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cunha ◽  
M. Teixeira Santos ◽  
J. Brazăo ◽  
L.C. Carneiro ◽  
M. Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Probable Origin ◽  
Different Origins

To assess the different origins of Portuguese grapevine varieties, we used six nuclear and four chloroplastidal microsatellites as molecular markers, in order to compare the genetic structure of native wild-vines with native grapevine varieties. Both native subspecies have a great diversity, and a high interrelationship across the six nuclear microsatellites. Although identical numbers of alleles were found in each population, their distribution was different in the <I>vinifera </I>and <I>sylvestris </I>subspecies. Portuguese wild-vines have only chlorotypes A and B; A being the most frequent. The fifty-seven analysed Portuguese varieties have chlorotypes A, B, C, and D. The most frequent was the chlorotype A (75%), followed by D (21%). The results obtained reinforced the idea of Western Europe as having been one of the domestication centres for the grapevine, with contributions from the Eastern European gene pool. The observed genetic structure is a starting point from which to clarify the high number of native cultivars found in Portugal, and reinforces their probable origin in the Iberian Peninsula.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila) in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru ◽  
Masayuki Araki ◽  
Kihachiro Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group

Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila Regel) is a dominant species characteristic of alpine zones of high mountains. Eighteen natural populations of P. pumila were studied in an effort to determine the extent and distribution of genetic diversity. The extent of genetic diversity within this species was high (HT = 0.271), and the genetic differentiation among populations was also high (GST = 0.170) compared with those of other conifers. In previous studies of P. pumila in Russia, the genetic variation within the species was also high, but the genetic differentiation among populations was low. We infer that this difference originates from differences in geographic distribution and ecological differences between the two countries. The genetic variation within each population tended, as a whole, to be smaller within marginal southern populations than within northern populations. Genetic relationships among populations reflect the geographic locations, as shown by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees.

scholarly journals Analysis of the genetic structure of a population of Lebedyn cattle by microsatellite markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
V. І. Ladyka ◽  
L. M. Khmelnychyi ◽  
Y. V. Lyashenko ◽  
R. O. Kulibaba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Average Value

Microsatellites – a separate class of molecular genetic markers, are widely used for the study of genetic variability, in particular in populations of animals bred by artificial selection under the influence of microevolutionary processes. The object of study is the gene pool of a population of animals of the Lebedyn cattle breed, which is under threat of extinction. The sample comprised 30 individuals from the farm "Komyshans'ke" in Sumy region. The analysis of population genetic structure was performed using 10 microsatellite loci recommended by FAO-ISAG: ETH225, BM2113, ETH3, BM1818, BM1824, ILSTS006, INRA023, TAGLA053, TAGLA12, ETH10. Amplification products were separated in polyacrylamide gels of different concentrations (5–8%), both native and denaturing. All studied loci were polymorphic. The number of detected alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 8 (on average 5 alleles per locus), the size of which ranged from 115 bp (ETH3) to 307 bp (ILSTS006). The majority of the investigated loci (except ETH3) belonged to valuable informative markers (PIC > 0.5). The most polymorphic TGLA053 (8 alleles), BM2113 (6) and ETH3 (6) loci have been identified. In general, the minimum number of alleles (4) was fixed in 50% loci. The main population genetic parameters for the studied loci have been calculated. The highest values of heterozygosity (He), and effective number of alleles (ne) was characterized for loci BM2113, ILSTS006, TGLA053 and ETH225. With the exception of ETH3 and VM1818 loci, the experimental group of animals is in a state of genetic equilibrium. The average value of the Wright fixation index indicates a tendency to increase in the number of homozygous individuals (inbreeding). Comparative analysis of genetic structure of breeds that have a common origin (Lebedyn (PJSC "Mykhaylivka"), Ukrainian grey (DPDG "Polyvanivka"), Red steppe (DPPR "Stepne"), etc.) has been carried out. The obtained results give grounds to assert that in the experimental population of the Lebedyn breed there are processes that lead to a decrease in genetic diversity. In order to overcome the negative effects of artificial reproduction in the gene pool of small populations of cattle, which include Lebedyn cattle, it is appropriate to use microsatellite markers in the selection and breeding work.

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