scholarly journals Non-classical subject of vision. Part I

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Komarov ◽  
◽  
Maria A. Lumpova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Modern Subject ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Subject ◽  
Fundamental Shift

This article explores a fundamental shift in the humanities called the «visual turn». We are talking about the transformation of visuality in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The difficulty of analyzing this phenomenon is due to the fact that the modern humanities have not yet developed a single subject and method for studying the visual turn. In this article, the turn as a transition from the classical to the non-classical observer is analyzed as a transformation of the very human presence in the world. The change in visuality is primarily associated with a change in the concept of the classical transcendental subject and the transition to understanding the affected and temporal subject of our time. In this article, we analyze the transformation of subjectivity based on the three-part mechanism of the power of distance, the power of gaze, and the power of memory, which was proposed by W. Benjamin. We show that at the beginning of the 20th century there takes place rethinking of a person’s presence in the world through the understanding of the destruction of the distance between the subject and the object (the world), a change in the power of gaze and a change in the role of memory in the perception of what is seen. The visible no longer acts as directly given to the subject, but presupposes the power of visual perception and the special role of memory in what is seen. This means that in modern non-classical concepts of visuality, an attempt is made to understand the act of seeing as an event of the formation of a subject. In this three-part mechanism of visual distance, the power of gazing into the visible and the role of memory in what is seen, the act of seeing becomes the very presence of modern man. However, in this case, the presence in the act of seeing eludes the subject of experience himself. Thus, visual experience in the form of a present consciousness of the world that is eternally and always does not correspond to it, is an unconscious atrophy of the most apathetic «narcissist» of vision. The article concludes that the lack of understanding of this moment of presence of the modern subject results in the fact that both the return of distance within the framework of the concept of the classical observer and the complete destruction of the aura within the concepts of the non-classical observer lead to a theoretical impasse in understanding the very experience of non-classical vision.

scholarly journals NON-CLASSICAL SUBJECT OF VISION. PART II

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-432
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Komarov ◽  
◽  
Maria A. Lumpova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Visible Object ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The article is a continuation of the previous article Non-Classical Subject of Vision. Part I and is devoted to the analysis of the eventivity of a non-classical subject. The analysis of non-classical subjectivity in the article is based on the three-part mechanism of the power of distance, power of gaze and power of memory proposed by W. Benjamin. The concept of the image as a mediator through which the subject regains the lost distance with the world is discussed. The article deals with the concepts of the non-classical subject of visuality by J.-P. Sartre and G. Didi-Huberman as different types of transformation of the power of gaze and the role of memory in non-classical vision. Important elements of the concept of «scanty image» by J.-P. Sartre are analyzed: criticism of the naive understanding of the immanence of consciousness and the world, criticism of images as a weak copy of the object of observation, the development of a specific givenness of a thing in an image through its distant present absence. It is shown that the theory of «scanty image» breaks the unreal objects of visual consciousness and the sensually perceived world into two poles that are not connected with each other. Therefore, in Sartre’s concept, the relationship with the world — both in visual and sensory comprehension of reality, turns out to be problematic. In the theory of G. Didi-Huberman, built on the reorganization of the understanding of the aura in technically reproducible art, a deeper understanding of the image is given. The presence as well as the absence of things of the world do not appear as separate from each other, but turn out to be the dialectical unity of the game of near and far (Fort-Da). The article discusses this dialectical understanding of the relationship between the man and the world, which acts as an incessant rhythm of approaching and removing a visible object. In this eventful space of a vision (D. Joselit) turns a thing into a hybrid object, and the person appears as a flickering subject of vision.

scholarly journals Mythological Consciousness as a Form of Social Consciousness

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Valery MALAKHOV ◽  
Konstantin SIGALOV ◽  
Galina LANOVAYA
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual Potential ◽  
Ideological Structure

The main purpose of the article is to explain the actual role of mythological consciousness in the mod- ern spiritual life of society, thereby overcoming the generally sceptical, if not negative, attitude towards mythologisation in modern social science. The subject of the article is nature and forms of mythological consciousness. The authors? premise is that rather than being a collection of myths, mythological consciousness is an independent way of spiritual penetration into the world, the transformation of the sensually perceivable and the sign-symbolical reality into an inseparable whole. Mythological consciousness is interpreted as an immanent component of social consciousness. A special role is assigned to the centres of mythological consciousness, in which its nature is encoded. Mythologemes, archetypes and mentality are kinds of a link between social consciousness and social unconsciousness. By revealing the mythological nature of ideas, values, images, symbols, and signs as unavoidable forms through which worldview mindsets and conceptual pillars of modern science are formed, we find ways to unleash their true intellectual and spiritual potential. The final result of the article is the validity of the statement that the ideological structure of modern so- cial thought is its mythological component.

Alignment

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Pier Giuseppe Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject

The subject of alignment is not new to the world of education. Today however, it has come to mean different things and to have a heuristic value in education according to research in different areas, not least for neuroscience, and to attention to skills and to the alternation framework.This paper, after looking at the classic references that already attributed an important role to alignment in education processes, looks at the strategic role of alignment in the current context, outlining the shared construction processes and focusing on some of the ways in which this is put into effect.Alignment is part of a participatory, enactive approach that gives a central role to the interaction between teaching and learning, avoiding the limits of behaviourism, which has a greater bias towards teaching, and cognitivism/constructivism, which focus their attention on learning and in any case, on that which separates a teacher preparing the environment and a student working in it.

scholarly journals The female characters in Branislav Nušić's and Stefan Kostov's selected comedies

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Đurđina Isić
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bereaved Family

The paper presents the results of research that included comparative study of the place and role of female characters in selected and representative comedies by Serbian comedigrapher Branislav Nušić (eng. MP, Suspicious person, Mrs Minister, Bereaved family, Dr, Deceased; srb. Narodni poslanik, Sumnjivo lice, Ožalošćena porodica, Dr, Pokojnik, Vlast) and Bulgarian comedigrapher Stefan Kostov (eng. Gold mine, Golemanov, Grasshoppers, Nameless comedy; blg. Zlamnama mina, Golemanov, Skakalci, Komediâ bez ime) in order to find similarities and differences in the process of comedigraphic shaping of female characters in the work of these two authors. The subject of the research was viewed primarily from a literary-theoretical point of view, and the dominant methods of study were comparative and analytical-synthetic. During the research, there was a differentiation of female characters in accordance with their motivational structures, psychological assemblies and the nature of the place and the role they play in the social environment in which they are located. Therefore, we can distinguish female characters who live in the province and who are fully representative of the small-town spirit, female characters who live in the capital and are a symbol of the modern age and female characters who dwell in the capital, but in fact, deeply down still carry a small-town view of the world. The structure of this paper is in line with this distinction. Conclusions made at the end of the study show that the representation of female characters in analyzed comedies of both comedigaphers is highly similar in its nature.

scholarly journals On the Cognitive Foundation of Lexical Classification of the Subject World

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Alexey D. Koshelev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cognition ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Classification

The paper presents a language of thought (a set of cognitive units and relations) used to provide non-verbal definitions for the following five concepts: ARMCHAIR, MUG, RAVINE, LAKE, TREE. These definitions make it possible to describe concepts on two levels of specificity. On the first level, a concept is presented as a holistic cognitive unit. On the second, more specific, level, the same concept is viewed as a partitive system, i.e. a hierarchical system of its parts, the latter being smaller concepts into which the original holistic unit is decomposed. A hypothesis is advanced that such structure is inherent to all visible objects. The partitive system is argued to play a major role in human cognition. It, first, provides for an in-depth understanding of the perceived objects through understanding the role of their parts, and, second, underlies the formation of the hierarchy of concepts with respect to their generality. Besides, it can be considered as one of the defining properties of the human species as it accounts for the human ability to purposefully change the world.

scholarly journals Beyond the academic’s dilemma: Transdisciplinary and existential perspectives of re-enchantment

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rennie Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Dialectical Tensions ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

The purpose of this article is to stimulate debate about the developing paradoxes and dilemmas facing the university academic. This article argues that academics are increasingly being steeped in an inauthentic existence due, at least partly to, egocentrism and sociocentrism. A modest transdisciplinary- existential analytical framework is applied as an intellectual method to reflect on the prevailing monological perspectives stifling the role of academics, in working towards building a more sustainable future. Using concepts such as the subject, facticity and transcendence, the article investigates the dialectical tensions between some of these monological perspectives and proposes avenues to create new possibilities to progress the role of the academic. The article argues that the multilogical perspectives of transdisciplinary thinking and the empowering perspectives of existential thinking can provide academics with the necessary conceptual tools to transcend egocentrism and sociocentrism. While it is likely that new contradictions will emerge as a result of this synthesis, open-minded academics are urged to ignite their imaginative powers and take up the challenge of creating and acting on new possibilities. A transdisciplinary-existential dialectical approach can provide a richer understanding of present dilemmas in academia and the world, and suggest more satisfying paths to a sustainable future.

Cytomegaloviral Infections: Epidemiology, Therapy, and Prevention

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
George A. Nankervis
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Current Review ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Different Strains

The role of cytomegalovirus in human disease is a still-evolving story. Hanshaw presented an excellent review article on the subject in 1981 in this publication; this current review is an update, with particular emphasis on new concepts in the epidemiology and prevention of cytomegaloviral infection and disease. Historically, evidence of infection with cytomegalovirus was first reported by pathologists in many parts of the world. They noted the presence of giant cells with intranuclear inclusions while examining a diversity of organs microscopically. Isolation of the virus and development of serologic techniques eventually enabled a definitive study of the agent, its pathogenesis and epidemiology. Biologically, it is one of the herpesviruses and, as such, is a DNA virus. Other members of the group include varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, and Epstein-Barr virus. Several different strains of cytomegalovirus exist, and they have specific characteristics which are of interest. The virus is cell associated and tends to be very labile; it has a tendency to become latent and may possibly have malignant potential. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence Infection with cytomegalovirus is found throughout the world. Studies of prevalence in a number of diverse populations have indicated that cytomegaloviral infection is ubiquitous. The major differences in prevalence between populations are related to the speed of acquisition of infection in various geographic and socioeconomic settings.

The Origin of the Judges’ Rules

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Mike McConville ◽  
Luke Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Police Forces

The point at which the liberty of the subject can be subject to interference by force of the law is a critical issue and one reliant on the integrity of judicial oversight. Focusing on the start of the twentieth century, this chapter addresses the discontinuities in the then existing rules relating to the interrogation of suspected persons (embodied by the Judges’ Rules of 1912, whose obscure origins are discussed) and the divergent responses of different police forces to the cautioning and questioning process. From this it explores how the need for closer formal regulation arose and the role of Home Office officials (the very same as those involved in the Adolph Beck case) in drafting the first revision of the Judges’ Rules in 1918 which were to remain in force for almost fifty years. These inapt and inexpertly drafted Rules thereafter laid the foundations for policing regulation in jurisdictions around the world.

Ye Cannot Serve God and Mammon

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-198
Author(s):  
Hud Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective List

This final chapter begins by articulating a particular conception of the virtue of obedience and detailing its four components—humility, restraint, response, and love—and by showing how they work together both to nurture an abiding and deeply seated pro-attitude towards uniting one’s will with God’s will and also to create and maintain a robust and stable set of dispositions aimed at succeeding in this aim. It then illustrates the virtue of obedience in action, discusses its relation to happiness, and remarks on the role of perseverance, the difficult mission of anyone who commits to acquiring and developing this virtue in life. A refinement to the objective-list theories of well-being (or flourishing) is then proposed, followed by a formulation and defense of a new objective-list theory that attempts to state the conditions of receptivity in a subject in addition to identifying the range of welfare goods in the world. The virtue of obedience, it is argued, is not only one among many welfare goods, but plays a unique role vis-à-vis the other goods on the list, insofar as it serves as the priming condition under which they can realize the full extent of their value in the subject in which they manifest. Finally, the most worrisome aspects of the views defended in this book are identified, sympathetically presented with force and fairness, and addressed.

The Aerarium and its Officials Under the Empire

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Millar
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Interpretation ◽  
Financial Administration ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Public Revenues

No analysis of the political character of the Empire can avoid the question of finance. The various sources of revenue of the Emperor and the res publica, the role of the private wealth of the Emperor, the nature of his control over public funds, the question of how and when various public revenues were taken by him—a satisfactory political interpretation of the early Empire must take account of all these.This article attempts merely to take a second preliminary step towards such an interpretation. Its aim is to set out as clearly as possible the evidence as to the nature of the Aerarium and the functions of its officials, and, above all, to avoid the anachronistic approach which our language itself so readily invites. Not all anachronistic views of the subject have had the beautiful obviousness of Ramsay's contribution: even to speak of the ‘world-wide financial administration’ of the Aerarium will prove to be misleading.

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