scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Perceived Social Support on Changes in Subjective Health among Older Adults: A Focus on Gender Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Miok Ha ◽  
Seungja Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate which types of perceived social support are associated with changes in subjective health over time among Korean older adults. We further explored whether these associations vary by older adults' gender.Methods: The current study examined 3,650 older adults drawn from additional survey data of the 6th and 7th waves of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS). Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression analyses.Results: Higher perceived instrumental and emotional supports significantly associated with less decline in subjective health over 2 years. Gender only moderated the association between emotional support and changes in subjective health. That is, higher emotional support associated with less decline in subjective health among older women, but not among older men.Conclusion: These findings suggest that instrumental support is the strongest predictor of older adults' changes in health over time, indicating the need for public supports for those who lack instrumental support from their social ties. Health promotion programs for older women should aim to enhance their perceived emotional support to protect them from faster declines in subjective health over time.

Social Support in Daily Life at Reentry

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-218
Author(s):  
Naomi F. Sugie ◽  
Dallas Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Release From Prison

Throughout the reentry literature, there is widespread recognition about the central role of social support—including emotional and instrumental support—to prevent recidivism and promote integration. Although emotional support is often considered a relatively more important construct than instrumental support in scholarship on stress and coping, reentry research generally focuses on the provision of material and informational resources. This chapter analyzes novel data—daily open-ended survey questions via smartphones about a person’s most important positive and negative points of the day—to understand the types of social support that people most value in their daily lives in the immediate months after release from prison. Using this approach, the chapter describes the importance of spending time with others, the central role of children, and changes in support over time. The chapter concludes by recommending that reentry scholars pay greater attention to the construct of emotional support in studies of recidivism and integration.

THE ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ACTIVITIES WITH HEALTH IN SOUTH KOREA: DIFFERENCES IN AGE AND GENDER

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANG-SIK MOON ◽  
SANG-MI PARK ◽  
SUNG-IL CHO
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThis study investigated gender difference in the effects of social support, including emotional support and instrumental support (such as help when sick and financial assistance), and social activities on perceived health of middle-aged and older adults in South Korea. Data were acquired from 3771 men and 4954 women aged 40 years and older who participated in the 2005 cross-sectional survey of the Seoul Citizens Health and Social Indicators Survey. Using multiple regression analysis, both age- and gender-specific differences related to social support and engagement in social activities and self-rated poor health were examined. Poor emotional support from close friends, relatives or someone with whom one could talk about worries was strongly associated with poor self-rated health in men, with the greatest effect in older men. Lack of engagement in social activities was associated with self-rated poor health in older adults, especially in older men. Poor instrumental support was associated with perceived poor health only in middle-aged women. As a health improvement strategy for men aged 65 years and older especially, emotional support should be considered. Measures should be considered for encouraging social activities by older adults, particularly older men.

scholarly journals What Role Do Different Types of Social Support Play in Life Satisfaction Among Korean Older Adults in Retirement?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Jihee Woo ◽  
Hyojin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Appraisal Support ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Individuals are taking more responsibility for their retirement. However, economic stress generated by inadequate planning may pose a grave threat to well-being in retirement. Drawing on stress theory, this study examined how different types of social support mediate the relationship between economic stress and life satisfaction. We used the data from the 2013 and 2014 Korean Retirement and Income Study. Our sample was restricted to older Korean adults in retirement 55 to 96 years of age who were head of household (N=1,672). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the measurement model for six latent constructs: 1) economic stress; 2) emotional support; 3) informational support; 4) instrumental support; 5) appraisal support; 6) life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test this hypothesized model. The results revealed that both measurement model (CFI=0.985, TLI=0.983, RMSEA=0.036, SRMR=0.035) and structural model (CFI=0.978, TLI=0.984, RMSEA=0.030, SRMR=0.039) fit the data well. Standardized results from the SEM model adjusting for sociodemographic variables showed that economic stress directly predicted life satisfaction (β=-0.39, p<0.001) and two of four social support types directly predicted life satisfaction (instrumental support β=0.29, p<0.001; appraisal support β=0.25, p=0.004). Analyses demonstrated that economic stress may lead to lower levels of life satisfaction directly and indirectly through its effect on instrumental (β=-0.07, p<0.001) and appraisal support (β=-0.04, p=0.013). These findings will help inform policymakers and institutions of the need to alleviate economic stress and increase particular types of support with potentially more serious impact on the well-being of older adults in retirement.

scholarly journals Social Support and Living Situation of Older Adults With Hip-Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 618-618
Author(s):  
Alexandra Krassikova ◽  
Steven Stewart ◽  
Jennifer Bethell ◽  
Aileen Davis ◽  
Katherine McGilton
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Sustaining a hip-fracture is a life-changing event negatively affecting older adults. Although, social support is a known determinant of health outcomes, the relationship between social support and living situation of older adults with hip fracture remains under researched. For this study social support is conceptualized using the Finfgeld-Connett framework, where social support is seen as being composed of emotional and instrumental support. The objectives were to examine the relationship between two domains of social support and living situation: 1) after discharge; 2) 3-months after discharge; and 3) 6-months after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation facility in a sample of older adults with hip fracture. Emotional support was measured as frequency of interaction with someone one week prior to hip fracture, whereas instrumental support was measured as help received in instrumental activities of daily living. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between social support and living situation. Majority of study participants (N=139) were older (mean age 81.31), female (77.70%), had no cognitive impairment (68.35%), were not married (58.99%), and lived with someone (51.80%) in their own house (71.95%). Older adults with more emotional support were more likely to be discharged home, however little can be said about the effect of the association (OR 6.80, 95% CI 1.08, 22.31, P<.001). Persons receiving more instrumental support had less odds of living at home 3-months (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21, 0.78; P=.007) and 6-months after discharge (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38, 0.91, P=0.017). Social support is important for older adults during recovery.

scholarly journals Gambaran Perceived Social Support Pada Penderita Kanker Stadium Lanjut yang Menjalani Perawatan Paliatif

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Agnes M. Amelia L. Witjaksono ◽  
Venie Viktoria Rondang Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Informational Support

<p>Selama menghadapi kondisi kesehatannya dan perubahan yang terjadi akibatnya, penderita kanker stadium lanjut bisa mengalami masalah pada aspek fisiologis, psikologis, sosial dan budaya, serta spiritual dan eksistensial. Dukungan sosial dari lingkungan sekitar penderita dapat membantu mereka dalam mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi, namun keberhasilannya tergantung pada bagaimana penderita memaknai dukungan sosial yang diterimanya (<em>perceived social support)</em>. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara <em>semi-structured</em>. Subjek penelitian berjumlah tiga dan memiliki karakteristik, yaitu penderita kanker yang telah didiagnosa kanker stadium lanjut, sedang menjalani Perawatan Paliatif<em>, </em>dan menjalani perawatan di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kelima dimensi dukungan sosial dipersepsikan oleh penderita kanker stadium lanjut selama menghadapi masalah yang muncul akibat kondisinya. Sumber dukungan sosial berasal dari berbagai pihak. Sumber dukungan sosial tertentu bisa memberikan lebih dari satu dimensi dukungan sosial. Bentuk dari setiap dimensi dukungan sosial berbeda-beda. <em>Informational support </em>memberikan informasi untuk memahami kondisi kesehatan dan nasehat untuk menjaga kondisi kesehatan, sedangkan <em>instrumental support </em>memberikan bantuan secara finasial dan peralatan untuk mendukung pengobatan, serta memberikan pelayanan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan dan rumah tangga. <em>Emotional support, esteem support, </em>dan <em>companionship support </em>mampu memberikan penghiburan dan motivasi melaui perkataan dan tindakan selama menghadapi kondisi kesehatannya. Bentuk dari setiap dimensi dukungan sosial dapat memberikan dampak yang positif apabila diberikan secara tepat, namun bisa menimbulkan perasaan negatif ketika diberikan secara kurang tepat, kurang memadai, atau justru secara berlebihan.</p><p>Kata kunci: <span>Kanker stadium lanjut, Perawatan Paliatif, dukungan sosial, <em>perceived social support</em></span></p>

scholarly journals Loneliness and the exchange of social support among older adults in Spain and the Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA M. SÁNCHEZ RODRIGUES ◽  
JENNY DE JONG GIERVELD ◽  
JOSE BUZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that exchanges of support within social networks reduce the loneliness of older adults. However, there is no consistent evidence on how types of support (instrumental and emotional) and the direction of that support (giving and receiving) are related to loneliness, and whether the effects are culture-specific. The aim of this study was to investigate support exchanges and their effects on loneliness in Spain and the Netherlands. We suggest that cultural differences, such as more interdependent cultural values in Southern Europe and more independence-related values in Northern Europe, influence social realities such as the social support exchanged. In Spain relationships with family members are determined by mutual obligations; older people expect to receive instrumental support from them. However, in Northern Europe independence is highly valued and intimacy and closeness are shown primarily by confiding about personal matters. This paper examined data from two comparable surveys, one in Spain (N=646) and one in the Netherlands (N=656). Older adults in Spain provide for, and receive, high amounts of instrumental support and this proved to be a protective factor against loneliness. An alternative pattern was found in the Netherlands where respondents provided more and received more emotional support than Spanish older adults; emotional support is a protective factor in the Netherlands (but only for support received).

scholarly journals Generativity and Social Well-Being in Older Women: Expectations Regarding Aging Matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Moieni ◽  
Teresa E Seeman ◽  
Theodore F Robles ◽  
Matthew D Lieberman ◽  
Stephanie Okimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Domain ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Objectives Beliefs about aging can contribute to health and well-being in older adults. Feeling generative, or that one is caring for and contributing to the well-being of others, can also impact health and well-being. In this study, we hypothesized that those with more positive expectations regarding aging (ERA) in the mental health domain would report greater levels of perceived social support (PSS) and lower levels of loneliness in response to a generativity intervention (vs control condition). Method Participants in this study (n = 73, 100% female) were randomly assigned to a 6-week generativity condition, which involved writing about life experiences and sharing advice with others, or to a control condition, which involved writing about neutral topics. Pre- and postintervention, PSS, and feelings of loneliness were measured. Results Those in the generativity condition with more positive ERA in the mental health domain reported greater PSS and lower loneliness postintervention. Discussion These results highlight the importance of psychological factors, such as ERA, in moderating the efficacy of interventions to promote social well-being in older adults.

Wellbeing depends on social relationship characteristics: comparing different types and providers of support to older adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA-MARIA MERZ ◽  
OLIVER HUXHOLD
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Kin Support ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the associations between different forms of support, who provides the support and the wellbeing of older adults in Germany. Particular attention is paid to the wellbeing differences associated with kin and non-kin providers and with emotional support and instrumental support. In addition, the quality of relationships with kin and non-kin is examined as a moderator of the association between social support and wellbeing. Data for 1,146 respondents to the German Ageing Survey in 2002 were analysed to determine the combinations of emotional or instrumental support, kin or non-kin providers and relationship quality that best predicted wellbeing. Emotional support from kin and instrumental support from non-kin were both found to associate positively with wellbeing. Emotional support from non-kin providers did not associate with wellbeing, whereas instrumental support from kin providers had a negative association with one aspect of wellbeing. Higher relationship quality, whether with kin or non-kin, positively related to wellbeing. Interestingly, the negative impact of instrumental kin support was qualified by relationship quality. In other words, for people with high-quality relationships, receiving instrumental support from kin did not decrease wellbeing. When the relationship with a family carer or supporter is characterised by high quality, the challenges of frailties in old age, such as decreasing capacities and an increasing need for social support, can be met without compromising wellbeing.

scholarly journals Effect of Perceived Social Support on Mortality Rate Among Older Chinese Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Charu Verma ◽  
Mengting Li ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Older Chinese Americans ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Most existing studies have examined the relationship between social support and health in cross-sectional data. However, the changing dynamics of social support over time and its relationship with all-cause mortality have not been well explored. Using data from the Pine Study (N = 3,157), this study examined whether social support was associated with time of death at an 8 years follow-up among older Chinese Americans. Social support from a spouse, family members and friend were collected at the baseline using an HRS social support scale. Perceived social support and time of death were ascertained from the baseline through wave 4. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations of perceived support with the risk of all-cause mortality using time-varying covariate analyses. Covariates included age, sex, education, income, and medical comorbidities. All study participants were followed up for 8 years, during which 492 deaths occurred. In multivariable analyses, the results showed that positive family support [HR 0.91; 95% CI (0.86, 0.98)] and overall social support [HR 0.95; 95% CI (0.92,0.98)] were significantly associated with a lower risk of 8-year mortality. Results demonstrate robust association in which perceived positive family and overall social support over time had a protective effect on all-cause mortality risk in older Chinese Americans. Interventions could focus on older adults with low social support and protect their health and well-being. Future studies could further explore why social support from family is different from social support from other sources regarding mortality risk in older Chinese Americans.

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