The Study of Earnings Management to Avoid Earnings Losses with Operating Cash Flows and Operating Incomes

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
Kwang-Bok Hue
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Earnings Losses

Earnings smoothing around open-market share repurchases

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-80
Author(s):  
Hui Di ◽  
Dalia Marciukaityte
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Share Repurchases ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Earnings Smoothing ◽  
Open Market Share Repurchases

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether firms engage in earnings decreasing management before share repurchases to mislead investors or to smooth earnings and improve earnings informativeness. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine discretionary accruals and cash flows around open-market share repurchases. The primary discretionary accruals measure is industry- and performance-adjusted discretionary current accruals estimated from cash-flow data. Findings – Results show that, firms experience temporary increases in operating cash flows and use negative discretionary accruals to smooth earnings before share repurchases. Firms with the highest pre-repurchase cash flows use the lowest pre-repurchase discretionary accruals. Moreover, pre-repurchase discretionary accruals reflect expectations about future operating cash flows. Firms with the strongest deterioration in operating cash flows after repurchases use the lowest pre-repurchase discretionary accruals. These findings suggest that repurchasing firms use earnings management to increase smoothness and predictability of reported earnings rather than to mislead investors. Originality/value – This paper provides an alternative explanation to the finding of negative discretionary accruals before share repurchases. It adds to the literature on repurchases and earnings smoothing by showing that firms use earnings management around share repurchases to smooth earnings.

Do Investors Perceive Low Risk When Earnings are Smooth Relative to the Volatility of Operating Cash Flows? Discerning Opportunity and Incentive to Report Smooth Earnings

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Erickson ◽  
Max Hewitt ◽  
Laureen A. Maines
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Risk Judgments

ABSTRACT A fundamental accounting question is whether investors perceive low risk when earnings are smooth relative to the volatility of operating cash flows. We conduct two experiments to examine this question. Absent additional information concerning the likelihood of earnings management, our first experiment finds that investors give managers the benefit of the doubt and perceive low risk when earnings are relatively smooth. Given this finding, our second experiment examines whether additional information that supports investors' suspicions of earnings management affects investors' risk judgments when earnings are relatively smooth. We find that investors no longer give managers the benefit of the doubt when additional information suggests that managers have either the opportunity or the incentive to report smooth earnings. Our study provides important insights to the literature concerning both “whether” and “when” relatively smooth earnings affect investors' risk judgments. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

Identifying Different Types of Tax Avoidance: Implications for Empirical Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 0000-0000
Author(s):  
David A. Guenther ◽  
Linda K. Krull ◽  
Brian M Williams
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tax Payments

We provide a theoretical framework to identify when measures of tax avoidance reflect tax avoidance related to, and unrelated to, earnings management. The influence of earnings management on measures of tax avoidance occurs because pretax financial accounting income is used as a benchmark against which tax payments are measured. A firm that manages earnings upwards without paying additional tax on the managed earnings can be considered to have avoided tax. We demonstrate that a measure of tax avoidance that has been used in prior research-the ratio of cash taxes paid to pretax operating cash flows-captures tax avoidance that is unrelated to earnings management. Use of this alternate measure in empirical studies can avoid attributing earnings management results to tax avoidance.

scholarly journals Study on the association between earnings management and value relevance based on the reporting method used for operating cash flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (149) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Huian ◽  
◽  
Marilena Mironiuc ◽  
Mihaela Chiriac ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Reporting Method

scholarly journals Earnings Management: An Advantage or Disadvantage?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Paulina Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Operating Cash Flows

Objective - The purpose of this research is to examine the consequences of accrual based earnings management and real earnings management on future operating performance.The firms studied engage in accrual-based earnings management with discretionary accrual measures using the modified Jones model and some of the following real earnings management activities: (1) Sales manipulation that accelerates the timing of sales through increased price discounts or cutting prices to boost sales in the current period; and/or (2) cutting of discretionary expenditures to increase income in the current period. Furthermore, the study examines the extent to which discretionary accrual and real earnings management affects subsequent operating performance (as measured by both return on assets and operating cash flows). Methodology/Technique - The sample manufacturing firms that engage in financial statement were listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2014. The hypothesis testing method used in this research is multiple regression linear. Findings - The results suggest that accrual-based earnings management, with discretionary accrual measures, and real earnings management through sales manipulation and discretionary expenditures are positively associated with return on assets after one and two years. Meanwhile, accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management through sales manipulation enhances subsequent operating cash flows. However, real earnings management through discretionary expenditures does not influence operating cash flows. Novelty - This research contributes to the existing literature on the subsequent impact of accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Discretionary Accrual; Sales Manipulation; Discretionary Expenditure; Return on Assets; Operating Cash Flows JEL Classification: M21, M41.

Factors Associated with U.S. Public Companies' Investment in Internal Auditing

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Carcello ◽  
Dana R. Hermanson ◽  
K. Raghunandan
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Operating Cash Flows

Internal auditing has been the focus of much attention in recent years. This study examines factors associated with U.S. public companies' investment in internal auditing. Data from a survey administered to Chief Audit Executives of midsized U.S. public companies were supplemented with publicly available data. Based on data from 217 companies, the results indicate that total internal audit budgets (inhouse plus outsourced portions) are related to several factors associated with company risk, ability to pay for monitoring, and auditing characteristics. Specifically, we find evidence that internal audit budgets are positively related to company size, leverage, financial, service, and utility industries, relative amount of inventory, operating cash flows, and audit committee review of the internal audit budget. Total internal audit budgets are negatively related to the percentage of internal auditing that is outsourced. This study contributes to our understanding of internal audit services, and it allows companies to benchmark their investment in internal auditing.

scholarly journals Earnings Management Through Deferred Taxes Recognized Under IAS 12: Evidence From Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Abdul Rafay Abdul Rafay ◽  
Mobeen Ajmal
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Relevant Component

This study examines earnings management through deferred taxes calculated under the IAS 12 and its impact on firm valuation. The literature finds that book–tax nonconformity leads to better earning quality and a greater association between earnings and future expected cash flows. Given that Pakistan is a pioneering implementer of the International Financial Reporting Standards, our hypothesis is that the components of deferred tax disclosed under the IAS 12 provide value-relevant information to equity investors. We divide deferred tax components into three categories: those arising from (i) operational activities, (ii) investing activities, and (iii) financing activities. These are subdivided to ensure that no value-relevant component is aggregated with a nonvalue-relevant component, which might otherwise lead to an information slack. Our sample includes data on shariah-compliant companies listed on the Karachi Meezan Index (KMI-30). We find that deferred tax line items in firms’ balance sheets are reflected in market prices. Investors also tend to treat deferred tax line items (arising from operating, financing, and investing activities) differently. Furthermore, the value relevance is dissimilar for different components of deferred tax. Investors are wary of deferred tax assets and liabilities when pricing and are likely to penalize firms with a higher deferred tax position.

scholarly journals PENGARUH OPERATING CAPACITY, SALES GROWTH DAN ARUS KAS OPERASI TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Livia Ramadhani ◽  
Khairun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Operating Capacity ◽  
Operating Cash Flows

This study aims to determine how the influence of operating capacity, sales growth and operating cash flows on financial distress. The population in this study israll agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2017. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling which produced 8 samples in a period of 5 years, namely as many as 40 units of data samples. The analytical method used is logistic �regression analysis which is processed. using SPSS Version 25. Based on the results of this study, it was found that simultaneous operating capacity, sales growth and operating cash flows influence the occurrence of financial distress. Then partially, operating capacity and sales growth have no effect on the occurrence of financial distress, while operating cash flows have a positive and significant effect on the occurrence of financial distress.�Keyword : Financial Distress, Operating capacity, Sales growth, Operation cash flow.

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