The status of leukocyte-inhibitory system of inflammation in different age groups of patients with endogenous depression

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels. Results The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women). Conclusions Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.

Download Full-text

Mobility Patterns in Different Age Groups in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Small Area Time Series Analysis through March 2021

Journal of Urban Health ◽

10.1007/s11524-021-00566-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuhei Nomura ◽

Yuta Tanoue ◽

Daisuke Yoneoka ◽

Stuart Gilmour ◽

Takayuki Kawashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Care Delivery ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Age Groups ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Initial Response ◽

Health Care Delivery System ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Mobility Patterns ◽

Mobility Data ◽

The Status

AbstractIn the COVID-19 era, movement restrictions are crucial to slow virus transmission and have been implemented in most parts of the world, including Japan. To find new insights on human mobility and movement restrictions encouraged (but not forced) by the emergency declaration in Japan, we analyzed mobility data at 35 major stations and downtown areas in Japan—each defined as an area overlaid by several 125-meter grids—from September 1, 2019 to March 19, 2021. Data on the total number of unique individuals per hour passing through each area were obtained from Yahoo Japan Corporation (i.e., more than 13,500 data points for each area). We examined the temporal trend in the ratio of the rolling seven-day daily average of the total population to a baseline on January 16, 2020, by ten-year age groups in five time frames. We demonstrated that the degree and trend of mobility decline after the declaration of a state of emergency varies across age groups and even at the subregional level. We demonstrated that monitoring dynamic geographic and temporal mobility information stratified by detailed population characteristics can help guide not only exit strategies from an ongoing emergency declaration, but also initial response strategies before the next possible resurgence. Combining such detailed data with data on vaccination coverage and COVID-19 incidence (including the status of the health care delivery system) can help governments and local authorities develop community-specific mobility restriction policies. This could include strengthening incentives to stay home and raising awareness of cognitive errors that weaken people's resolve to refrain from nonessential movement.

Download Full-text

Salt iodization decreased the risk of thyrotoxicosis in Denmark by the halve

Clinical and experimental thyroidology ◽

10.14341/ket10379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

Michael B. Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Initial Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Salt Iodization ◽

Key Factor ◽

The Status ◽

Toxic Goiter

The status of iodine nutrition is a key factor in determining the prevalence of thyroid disorders in adults. The study under discussion provides data on the change in the incidence of nosological subtypes of overt thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in adults during an increase in iodine intake after the introduction of mandatory salt iodization in Denmark. The authors carefully studied the case histories of all new patients with thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism registered in 2014–2016 in an open cohort of the population of Northern Jutland (n = 309,434), in which a moderate iodine deficiency has historically been observed and compared with incidence rates in 1997–1998 years before introduction of mandatory salt iodization began 2001. Over this period of time, iodine intake almost doubled. At the same time, the incidence rate of confirmed overt thyrotoxicosis significantly decreased: from the initial rate of 97.5 cases per 100,000 people per year in 1997–2000 to 48.8 cases per 100,000 people per year in 2014–2016. This result was due to a significant decrease in the incidence of multinodular toxic goiter, toxic adenoma and Graves’ disease in all age groups in both women and men. Moreover, the overall incidence of primary overt hypothyroidism has not changed.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the reliability of patient COVID-19 screening data compared against their actual test data

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211042980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 003685042110429

Author(s):

Abdulaziz M Albargi ◽

Ali A Assiry ◽

Hammam A Bahammam ◽

Mohand Y Alassiri ◽

Anand Marya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Status ◽

Feasible Option ◽

Pre Treatment

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the truthfulness of patients about their pre-appointment COVID-19 screening tests at a dental clinic. Methods: A total of 613 patients were recruited for the study from the dental clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia. The data collection was done in three parts from the patients who visited the hospital to receive dental treatment. The first part included the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the COVID-19 swab tests performed within the past 14 days. The second part was the clinical examination, and the third part was a confirmation of the swab test taken by the patient by checking the Hesen website using the patient ID. After data collection, statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 26.0. Descriptive analysis was done and expressed as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage (%). A cross-tabulation, also described as a contingency table, was used to identify trends and patterns across data and explain the correlation between different variables. Results: It was seen from the status of the swab test within 14 days of the patient's arrival at the hospital for the dental treatment that 18 (2.9%) patients lied about the pre-treatment swab test within 14 days, and 595 (97.1%) were truthful. The observed and expected counts showed across genders and diagnosis a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference seen across different age groups ( p = 0.064) of the patients. Conclusions: Dental healthcare workers are worried and assume a high risk of COVID-19 infection as the patients are not truthful about the pre-treatment COVID-19 swab test. Routine rapid tests on patients and the healthcare staff are a feasible option for lowering overall risks.

Download Full-text

Low Morbidity and Mortality of Status Epilepticus in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.83.3.323 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 323-331

Author(s):

Joseph Maytal ◽

Shlomo Shinnar ◽

Solomon L. Moshé ◽

Luis A. Alvarez

Keyword(s):

Status Epilepticus ◽

Age Groups ◽

Neurologic Disease ◽

Neurologic Disorder ◽

Patients Âgés ◽

Symptomatic Group ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Status ◽

Neurologic Sequelae ◽

History Of

In an ongoing study of status epilepticus, 193 children with status epilepticus of varying causes have been followed up for a mean period of 13.2 months. Of these, 97 patients were recruited prospectively. The patients' ages ranged from 1 month to 18 years (mean, 5.0 years). The cause of the status epilepticus was classified as idiopathic in 46 cases, remote symptomatic in 45, febrile in 46, acute symptomatic in 45, and progressive neurologic in 11. The mortality and incidence of sequelae following status epilepticus was low and primarily a function of etiology. Seven children died within 3 months of having the seizure. New neurologic deficits were found in 17 (9.1%) of the 186 survivors. All of the deaths and 15 of the 17 sequelae occurred in the 56 children with acute or progressive neurologic insults. Only two of the 137 children with other causes sustained any new deficits (P < .001). Duration of the status epilepticus affected outcome only within the acute symptomatic group (P < .05). Neurologic sequelae occurred in 29% of infants younger than 1 year of age, 11% of children 1 to 3 years of age, and 6% of children older than 3 years of age. However, this was a reflection of the greater incidence of acute neurologic disease in the younger age groups. Within each cause, age did not affect outcome. Of the 193 children, 61 (32%) had a history of prior unprovoked seizures. Of the 125 surviving children with no history of prior unprovoked seizures, 37 (30%) had subsequent unprovoked seizures. It is concluded that the morbidity of aggressively treated status epilepticus in children, in the absence of an acute neurologic insult or progressive neurologic disorder, is low.

Download Full-text

Perception of Environmental Education and Awareness Among Mass People: A Case Study of Tangail District

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14828 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 263-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

SA Mamun ◽

A Nessa ◽

M Aktar ◽

MR Hossain ◽

ASM Saifullah

Keyword(s):

Environmental Education ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Environmental Awareness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ethical Life ◽

The Status ◽

Education And Awareness

At present environmental education is emerging across the globe although this is a quite new phenomenon in Bangladesh. The present study was attempted to know about the environmental education and awareness among the mass people of Tangail town. In order to conduct this research, a questionnaire survey was carried out and interview was undertaken among 100 respondents in Tangail District. This paper describes some findings to understand the status of environmental awareness among people of different age groups of Tangail district. Moreover, this paper enables to provide some suggestions to extend environmental education and awareness to make a decent and ethical life as well as to keep the environment sustainable.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14828 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 263-266 2012

Download Full-text

Patterns of Expenditure in Healthcare for Elderly in Shanghai

China Report ◽

10.1177/0009445520930402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 334-353

Author(s):

Zhu Bifan ◽

Li Fen ◽

Wang Linan ◽

Wang Changying ◽

Jin Chunlin

Keyword(s):

Elderly Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Pattern Of Care ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Care For The Elderly ◽

The Status ◽

Integration Of Services ◽

Health Accounts ◽

System Of Health Accounts

This study aims to summarise the characteristics of elderly care system and analyse expenditures of healthcare for the elderly in Shanghai. The authors use medical records of 2015 and health account results of 2014 based on System of Health Accounts 2011 to describe the pattern of care expenditures for elderly. Individuals aged 60 years and above account for 19.5 per cent of Shanghai’s population but utilise 52.2 per cent of all outpatient visits and 45.3 per cent of all hospitalisations. Almost two-thirds of their medical expenditures occur in hospitals and 16 per cent in community health centres, corresponding to the status of resource allocation. The out-of-pocket payment ratio of the elderly is lower than that of the younger adults, which is attributable to the preferential reimbursement polices set by the insurance schemes. The leading causes of expenditures are cardiovascular disease, neoplasms and respiratory diseases. Care for the elderly costs more, and the elderly use more services than other age groups. The article recommends the monitoring of irrational utilisation of services, strengthening of primary level care and integration of services across different facilities to streamline care for elderly in Shanghai.

Download Full-text

Developmental Sentence Scoring: A Clinical Procedure for Estimating Syntactic Development in Children’s Spontaneous Speech

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.3603.315 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 315-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Laura L. Lee ◽

Susan M. Canter

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Normal Children ◽

Middle Income ◽

Clinical Procedure ◽

Syntax Acquisition ◽

The Status ◽

Syntactic Development ◽

Wh Questions ◽

Developmental Scale ◽

The Mean

Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) is a clinical procedure for estimating the status and progress of children enrolled for language training in a clinic. It is based upon a developmental scale of syntax acquisition. By analyzing a child’s spontaneous, tape-recorded speech sample, a clinician can estimate to what extent the child has generalized the grammatical rules sufficiently to use them in verbal performance. With such a guide the clinician can plan lessons which present these structures in a presumably developmental sequence, thereby introducing grammatical complexity in systematically graded steps. The DSS procedure gives weighted scores to a developmental order of pronouns, verbs, negatives, conjunctions, yes-no questions, and wh-questions. The mean score per sentence estimates the child’s ability to formulate sentences with a high grammatical “load.” The DSS procedure was carried out on 80 boys and 80 girls, ages 3 years, 0 months, to 6 years, 11 months, equally distributed within six-month age groups, all coming from middle-income, standard dialect homes, and all scoring between 85 and 115 on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Percentiles of DSS scores for these 160 normal children provide guidelines for estimating the status and rate of progress of children treated in a clinic.

Download Full-text

Schistosoma mansoni infection and risk factors among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

10.1101/488502 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tadesse Menjetta ◽

Daniel Dana ◽

Serkadis Debalke

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

The Status ◽

Hook Worm

Schistosomiasis/Bilharziasis is one of the neglected tropical parasitic diseases caused by different species of genus schistosoma. Among the species, S.mansoni (causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis) is one of the causes of severe intestinal parasitic infections with high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. There is scarcity of information about the status of S.mansoni infection among the fisherman in the present study area and in the country at large. Therefore this study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S.mansoni infection among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the fishermen from April to June 2013 in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 243 fishermen were included by Systematic Random Sampling from the lists of the fishermen members in the registration book of fishermen associations in the Hawassa Town. Data on socio-demographic features and risk factors were collected by using semi-structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and processed using Kato-Katz thick smear techniques and examined between 30- 40 minute for hook worm and after 24 hours for S.mansoni and other soil transmitted helminths (STHs). The overall prevalence of S.mansoni among the fishermen was 29.21% (71/243) and the mean intensity of infection was 158.88 eggs per gram (EPG). The prevalence of intestinal helminths including S.mansoni was 69.54% (169/243). Moreover, the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) were 40.74% (99/243), 35.80% (87/243) and 5.76% (14/243) for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm species, respectively. Almost similar prevalence of S.mansoni, 31.82%, 31.75%, 31.94% were recorded in age groups of 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 years, respectively. Fishermen who are swimming always were 2.92 times [95% CI: 1.554, 5.502] more likely to acquire S.mansoni infection than other water contacting habit of the study participants. The results of current investigation indicated the moderate endemicity of S.mansoni among the fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Fishermen could be the potential risk group for S.mansoni infection and might be responsible for the transmission of S.mansoni to other segments of the communities. Since high prevalence of STH were recorded among the fishermen, integrated prevention and control strategies from different sectors might be important to tackle the problem. Key words: S.mansoni, Soil transmitted helminths, Fishermen, Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia

Download Full-text

Optimization of Surgical Treatment of Cholelithiasis and its Complications in Patients with High Operative-Anesthesiological Risk

Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery ◽

10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-1-23-28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Pyotr Mikhaylovich Nazarenko ◽

Dmitry Petrovich Nazarenko ◽

Maxim Borisovich Polyansky ◽

Levan Lorikovich Kvachakhiya ◽

Yana Vladimirovna Maslova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Cholecystitis ◽

Bile Ducts ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Foley Catheter ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Aged Patients ◽

Acute Calculous Cholecystitis ◽

The Third ◽

The Status

The ratio of the prevalence of the gallstone disease (GSD) in the elderly and senile age groups compared with young and middle-aged patients can reach 3:4. The main complication of the GSD is acute cholecystitis, which is observed in more than 90% of patients. However, the most dangerous complication is considered to be obstructive choledocholithiasis, which leads to the development of mechanical jaundice and cholangitis in 10 - 35% of cases. The aim of the researchwas to propose an algorithm for the treatment of the GSD complicated by acute cholecystitis and obstructive choledocholithiasis in elderly and senile patients with severe concomitant pathology. Methods.The study is based on the analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 47 patients with GSD complicated by acute calculous cholecystitis and obstructive choledocholithiasis. All patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 17 patients in whom, in addition to acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis with concretion infringement in the BSDK was detected. The second group included 24 patients in whom, in addition to acute cholecystitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis and cholangitis were diagnosed. The third group included 6 patients in whom for some reason choledocholithiasis was not diagnosed at the first stage or it occurred later as a complication of cholecystostomy. Results.For patients of the first group the endoscopic papillosphincterotomy on stone was performed followed by cholangiography to find out the status of the bile ducts. Patients of the second underwent percutaneous transhepatic choledochostomy at the first stage. Patients of the third group were injected a Foley catheter into the cavity of the gallbladder through the cholecystostomy opening and the cavity of the gallbladder was sealed. Saline solution was injected into the lumen of the gallbladder and its ducts under the pressure of 250 mm. aq. art. This led to the dilatation of the lumen of the bile ducts. Conclusions.The proposed algorithm allows radical treatment of the GSD complicated by choledocholithiasis and cholangitis. The differentiated approach to the transpapillary solution of choledocholithiasis allows to minimize the risk of post-manipulation pancreatitis. AAPST allows to cure choledocholithiasis when endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is dangerous or not feasible.

Download Full-text