Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases in school children of rural areas of district Lower Dir, Pakistan

Present study was conducted among school children to recognize the prevalence of IPIs in rural communities of district Dir Lower, Pakistan. A sum of 324 samples of stool were collected (210 boys and 114 girls). Used direct smear method and formol ether sedimentation concentration technique for processing the samples. The result shows that 82% (n=266) were found infected comprised 64.8% male and 35.1% females. Children of the age group 10 to 12 years were found extremely infected 94.2% while 4-6 year age group were having minimum ratio of infection 72%. Current study shows mono parasitism in 50.6% of the students while 22.2% were infected with 2 species and 7.40% were infected with three species of parasites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were reported include Ascaris lumbricoid in male (n=122) 58.0% and in female (n=65) 57.0% followed by Hook worm (n=88) 41.9% and (n=44) 38.5%; Tania saginata (n=44) 20.9% and (n=24) 21.0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n=32) 15.2% and (n=16) 14.0%; Trichuris trichura (n=25) 11.9% and (n=22) 19.2%; Hymenolepis nana (n=24) 11.4% and (n=18) 15.7% and Entameoba histolytica (n=16) 7.61% and (n=14) 12.2% in male and females respectively. The study indicates that most occurring intestinal parasite in the current study were Ascaris lumbricoides 58.0% (n=122) followed by hookworms 41.9% (n=88). Male students were more infected than females in the present study.

Evaluation of vegetables grown in dry mountainous regions for soil transmitted helminths contamination

Infection caused by geo-helminth parasites are called geohelminthiasis are one of the global health problems. Vegetables eaten raw is the principal source of transmission of geo-helminth parasites. Pakistani people believe that eating raw vegetables are a significant source to get important vitamins and minerals. Based on the high incidence of pathogenic parasites and cultivating different vegetable types in the study areas, we conducted this study to evaluate the geo-helminth contamination of raw vegetables in northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This is a descriptive study comprised, 1942 samples of 25 various types of vegetables. The samples were examined in physiological saline solution using sedimentation and centrifugation methods. The findings were analyzed by Graph-Pad version 5. P value less than 0.05 (95% CI) was considered significant. Results showed that 16.5% (n=322) of all vegetables were contaminated with one or more type of geo-helminth parasites. Garlic was the highest (35%) and cauliflower the lowest (4%) contaminated samples respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common geo-helminth found followed by hook worm species while Trichuris trichura was the least in all the vegetable samples. Leafy vegetables were highly contaminated 25.3% than vegetables with root parts 21.2% and fruity 9.09%. More than half of the contaminated vegetables were contaminated with single species of geo-helminth (P<0.05) while less than half with multiple types of geo-helminth contamination. Ninety two vegetables samples were contaminated with 2 species of parasites (P<0.05) and 45 with 3 (P>0.05) species of geo-helminth parasites. Education level of vendors and means of display were not significantly associated while types of vegetable used were significantly associated with the prevalence of parasites. The findings of this study provide evidence that consumption of raw vegetable has a high risk of acquiring geo-helminth infections. The authors believe that preventing the human to enter to the vegetable farmland for defecation, avoiding the irrigation of agricultural fields via night soil, and educating the people on proper washing and cooking of vegetables may be useful in reducing parasitic infections.

Women's adherence to iron supplementation during pregnancy in Kumasi, Ghana

Introduction Anaemia in pregnancy is caused by factors such as malaria, poor diet and hook worm infestation. Adherence to iron supplementation in pregnancy has been found to correct anaemia and improve fetal outcomes. In Ghana, though iron is given to pregnant women at no cost under the free maternal healthcare policy, anaemia prevalence is high. This calls for investigation into adherence to iron supplementation. This study investigated adherence of pregnant women to prescribed iron supplements in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among postnatal women in Kumasi in November and December 2017. Women were selected through systematic random sampling and given a structured questionnaire to elicit information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and iron supplementation intake during pregnancy. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, with P≤0.05 considered to be significant. Results Overall, most of the women were between 22 and 35 years old (69.5%) and had some form of formal education (86.7%). The majority (96.6%) took iron supplements during pregnancy. Most (82.2%) had their supplements prescribed by a midwife or nurse. The majority of women (61.9%) adhered to their prescription. There was a significant relationship between education level and adherence to iron prescription. Conclusions Strategies to improve education regarding adherence to the use of iron supplements by midwives are required.

Hook Worm Detection and its Classification Techniques

Wireless Capsule endoscopy (WCE) has transformed into a by and large used demonstrative strategy to look at some fiery infections and disarranges. Customized and completely robotized hookworm recognition and characterization models are testing task because of low nature of pictures, nearness of incidental issues, complex structure of gastrointestinal and various appearances to the extent shading and surface. There are a few endeavours were made to thoroughly research the robotized hookworm discovery from WCE pictures. A definite review is taken for identifying Hookworm in Endoscopy picture and its partner pre and post preparing specialized application. A profound report on AI system and highlight extraction approaches were examined. The different advances engaged with Hookworm location utilizing neural systems alongside their sorts were additionally talked about. The significant highlights which can be utilized for extricating the one of a kind highlights were considered.

Incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Zebu and N’dama Breeds from Cattle Ranches in Jos Plateau, Nigeria

The incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in Zebu and N’dama breeds known to be trypanotolerant cattle from some ranches in Jos Plateau was investigated at the peak of the raining season, August to October, 2018. A total of 150 cattle from some Ranches in Jos Plateau were randomly selected for faecal sampling out of which 85 were Zebu (Bos indicus) and 65 were N’dama (Bos taurus) breeds respectively. The samples were analyzed for ova of gastrointestinal parasites using the simple flotation and sedimentation techniques and the results were interesting. The strongyloids, Oesophagostomumradiatum had the highest incidence of 4.7% followed by the Trichostrongylus species with 4%. Fasciolagigantica and Haemonchusplacei both were 3.3%. Then Paramphistomumcervi 2%; bovine hook worm, Bunostomumphlebotomum 1.3%, Taenia saginata1.3%, Schistosoma bovis 1.3% and Nematodirusspathiger 0.7%. The incidence of nematodes, cestodes and trematodes in this study in the raining season was significant (p<0.05) and could pose production and economic threat to institutional farms and ranches in the development of livestock and dairy industries in Nigeria. There should be a strong policy on the control of gastrointestinal parasites in the country for farmers to benefit from their contribution in ensuring food security.

Prevalensi Nematoda Usus Golongan Sth (Soil Transmitted Helminth) Pada Masyarakat Yang Menggunakan Kotoran Sapi Di Dusun Sade Sebagai Bahan Pembersih Lantai

Latar Belakang: Masalah kesehatan penduduk di Indonesia masih di tandai dengan tingginya penyakit-penyakit yang berkaitan dengan rendahnya tingkat sosial ekonomi penduduk. Salah satu penyakit yang insidennya masih tinggi adalah infeksi cacing. Di Indonesia kecacingan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat terbanyak setelah malnutrisi, karna Indonesia adalah negara yang agraris dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi, pengetahuan, keadaan sanitasi lingkungan dan higiene masyarakat masih rendah yang sangat menyokong untuk terjadinya infeksi dan penularan cacing. Tujuan: penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Prevalensi Nematoda usus golongan STH pada masyarakat yang menggunakan kotoran sapi di Dusun Sade. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif. Sampel berjumlah 48 orang masyarakat yang menggunakan kotoran sapi sebagai pembersih lantai di dusun Sade, Desa Rembitan, Kecamatan Pujut, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Pemeriksaan kecacingan pada jari-jari tangan dilakukan dengan bilasan menggunakan NaOH, pemeriksaan pada feses menggunakan metode Kato Katz. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan positif pada Nematoda Usus Golongan STH pada masyarakat di Dusun Sade yang menggunakan Kotoran Sapi sebagai bahan pembersih Lantai yaitu: Trichuris Trichiura (4,17%) dan hook worm (10,42%). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi Nematoda Usus golongan STH pada masyarakat Dusun Sade sebesar 14,59%.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Rural Inhabitants of Fouman, Guilan Province, Northern Iran with Emphasis on Strongyloides stercoralis

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the most important etiologies of gastrointestinal disorders in developing countries. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of IPIs in rural inhabitants of Fouman, northern Iran. Methods: Overall, 31 villages were randomly selected during 2015-2016. Stool samples were collected from 1500 inhabitants aged 2-87. The samples were examined by direct wet smear, formalin ethyl-acetate concentration and agar plate culture. Trichrome staining and modified acid-fast staining were used as confirmatory tests for intestinal amoeba and flagellates and cryptosporidium spp., respectively. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square and Fisher exact tests using SPSS. Results: 8.06% of participants were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. The prevalence of mixed parasitic infections was 0.87%. The most prevalent IPIs were caused by Trichostrongylus spp. (3.13%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (1.5%), Giardia lamblia (1.3%), and Entamoeba coli (1.0%), Blastocystis hominis (0.86%), E. histolytica/dispar (0.53%), Endolimax nana (0.26%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.13%), Trichuris trichiura (0.07%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), Hook worm (0.07%) and E. hartmani (0.07%). Statistically, the prevalence of IPIs showed significant differences regarding the age groups, education status, occupation (P<0.001), and the habit of eating raw vegetables (P<0.007), whereas, the differences were insignificant with regard to sex (P=0.924) and water supply (P=0.088). Conclusion: The prevalence of IPIs, especially soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) has sharply decreased in northern Iran. Excluding Trichostrongylus spp. and S. stercoralis, other intestinal parasites only produce a marginal and unnoticeable health problem in this area, today.

Study of Intestinal Parasitosis among School Going Children in Pokhara, Nepal

The study was carried out in order to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in school-going children in schools located in Pokhara, Nepal from November 2011 to January 2012. A total number of 100 stool samples were collected from children of ages 3 to 15 years. A questionnaire including the factors predisposing to parasitosis was filled up and parasitic examination was carried out by direct wet mount examination and concentration method using standard formal ether concentration technique. The prevalence rate was found to be 15%. Prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in girls (16%) than in boys (14%) and age group 8-12 years were found to be more suffering (17.3%) than other age groups. The occurrence of parasitic infection in symptomatic children was found to be 40% and 10% in asymptomatic children. The symptoms were found statistically significant with infestation of parasites. Intestinal infection was highest in Dalit students (20%) compared to other caste students. Prevalence of parasitic infection in other caste was 15% in Brahman, 9.5% in Newar and 9% in Chhetri. Among 15 positive cases 5 types of parasites were detected. The results showed Giardia lamblia to be the most common parasite. Occurrence of other intestinal parasites was Entamoeba histolytica (26.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (26.6%), Trichuris trichura (6.6%) and Hook worm (6.6%). The study concluded that intestinal parasitosis is still public health problem among school going children of Pokhara valley especially among Dalit students. Key words: Intestinal parasitosis, Formal ether concentration, Children, Pokhara, Nepal