scholarly journals Maintenance of high levels of genetic diversity and significant fine-scale genetic structure among age classes in single-tree populations of the endangered epiphytic orchid Laelia speciosa (Orchidaceae) in central Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurea C. Cortes-Palomec ◽  
Ross A. McCauley ◽  
Ken Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Laelia Speciosa

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epiphytic plants exist within the complex three-dimensional habitat of the tree canopy. This can have a profound effect on patterns of both genetic diversity and structure and may be important for conservation of epiphytic species.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate how the epiphytic habit affects fine-scale three-dimensional genetic structure in single canopy tree populations.  </p><p><strong>Studied species:</strong><em> Laelia speciosa</em>, a threatened endemic Mexican epiphytic orchid.<em>         </em></p><p><strong>Study site and dates:</strong> Field sampling occurred during Spring 2006 in the municipality of Caurio de Guadalupe, Michoacán.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All individuals occurring in two trees of <em>Q. deserticola</em> (178 in Tree 1 and 276 in Tree 2) were mapped, assigned to four discrete age classes, and genotyped at six microsatellite loci to understand patterns of genetic diversity and structure. </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> High levels of genetic diversity (polymorphic loci = 100 %, <em>Ho</em> = 0.398 – 0.506) occurred across size classes and trees but were not significantly different between the two trees. Significant fine-scale genetic structure was found in the Juvenile (plants 2-10 years old) and Adults I (11-20 years old) age classes in distances up to 15 cm. This significant structure was larger (up to 25 cm) when all individuals were treated as a single age class.<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distribution and structure of genetic diversity is attributable to the epiphytic habit, particularly localized seed dispersal, limited selfing, and selection of adaptive traits.  Conservation implications related to the sampling for <em>in vitro</em> propagation are given in light of the metapopulation genetic variability maintained within single-tree populations.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Connectivity of the Red Mangrove at Different Geographic Scales through a Complex Transverse Hydrological System from Freshwater to Marine Ecosystems

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landy R. Chablé Iuit ◽  
Salima Machkour-M’Rabet ◽  
Julio Espinoza-Ávalos ◽  
Héctor A. Hernández-Arana ◽  
Haydée López-Adame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Mangrove forests are ecologically and economically valuable resources composed of trees morphologically and physiologically adapted to thrive across a range of habitats. Although, mangrove trees have high dispersion capacity, complexity of hydrological systems may lead to a fine-scale genetic structure (FSGS). The Transverse Coastal Corridor (TCC) is an interesting case of hydrological systems from fresh to marine waters where mangrove forests dominate. We evaluated genetic diversity and structure of Rhizophora mangle across a range of hydrological conditions within the TCC using inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Sampling included four hydrological systems, two localities inside each system, and fringe and dwarf trees. Genetic differentiation was evaluated at local (<100 km) and fine (<10 km) scales through a set of analyses, and genetic diversity was evaluated at all scale levels and between fringe and dwarf physiognomic types. Rhizophora mangle exhibited a high genetic structure at both scales with high genetic diversity. The genetic structure observed among hydrological systems likely reflects the historical dispersion of mangroves, whereas the FSGS reflect contemporary processes such as seed dispersal restriction, habitat fragmentation, and local water flow regimes. A higher genetic diversity for dwarf than for fringe trees and differentiation between both physiognomic types at a fine-scale were observed and discussed.

Three-dimensional fine-scale genetic structure of the neotropical epiphytic orchid, Laelia rubescens

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorset W. Trapnell ◽  
J. L. Hamrick ◽  
John D. Nason
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Habitat Connectivity for Jaguar (Panthera onca) Conservation in Central Belize.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Menchaca ◽  
Natalia Rossi ◽  
Jeremy Froidevaux ◽  
Isabela Dias-freedman ◽  
Anthony Caragiulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Landscape Permeability ◽  
Forest Reserve

Abstract Connectivity among jaguar (Panthera onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. Jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. Accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. Here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual-based conservation genetic analyses to assess genetic diversity and levels of genetic connectivity between individuals in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We used expert knowledge and scientific literature to develop models of landscape permeability based on circuit theory with fine-scale landscape features as ecosystem types, distance to human settlements and roads to predict the most probable jaguar movement across central Belize. Results We used 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify 50 individual jaguars. We detected high levels of genetic diversity across loci (HE= 0.61, HO= 0.55, and NA=9.33). Using Bayesian clustering and multivariate models to assess gene flow and genetic structure, we identified one single group of jaguars (K = 1). We identified critical areas for jaguar movement that fall outside the boundaries of current protected areas in central Belize. We detected two main areas of high landscape permeability in a stretch of approximately 18 km between Sittee River Forest Reserve and Manatee Forest Reserve that may increase functional connectivity and facilitate jaguar dispersal from and to Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. Our analysis provides important insights on fine-scale genetic and landscape connectivity of jaguars in central Belize, an area of conservation concern. Conclusions The results of our study demonstrate high levels of relatively recent gene flow for jaguars between two study sites in central Belize. Our landscape analysis detected corridors of expected jaguar movement between the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We highlight the importance of maintaining already established corridors and consolidating new areas that further promote jaguar movement across suitable habitat beyond the boundaries of currently protected areas. Continued conservation efforts within identified corridors will further maintain and increase genetic connectivity in central Belize.

scholarly journals Conservation genetics of the threatened plant species Physaria filiformis (Missouri bladderpod) reveals strong genetic structure and a possible cryptic species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247586
Author(s):  
Christine E. Edwards ◽  
Brooke C. Tessier ◽  
Joel F. Swift ◽  
Burgund Bassüner ◽  
Alexander G. Linan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Understanding genetic diversity and structure in a rare species is critical for prioritizing both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. One such rare species is Physaria filiformis (Brassicaceae), a threatened, winter annual plant species. The species has a naturally fragmented distribution, occupying three different soil types spread across four disjunct geographical locations in Missouri and Arkansas. The goals of this study were to understand: (1) whether factors associated with fragmentation and small population size (i.e., inbreeding, genetic drift or genetic bottlenecks) have reduced levels of genetic diversity, (2) how genetic variation is structured and which factors have influenced genetic structure, and (3) how much extant genetic variation of P. filiformis is currently publicly protected and the implications for the development of conservation strategies to protect its genetic diversity. Using 16 microsatellite markers, we genotyped individuals from 20 populations of P. filiformis from across its geographical range and one population of Physaria gracilis for comparison and analyzed genetic diversity and structure. Populations of P. filiformis showed comparable levels of genetic diversity to its congener, except a single population in northwest Arkansas showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck and two populations in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas showed lower genetic variation, consistent with genetic drift. Populations showed isolation by distance, indicating that migration is geographically limited, and analyses of genetic structure grouped individuals into seven geographically structured genetic clusters, with geographic location/spatial separation showing a strong influence on genetic structure. At least one population is protected for all genetic clusters except one in north-central Arkansas, which should therefore be prioritized for protection. Populations in the Ouachita Mountains were genetically divergent from the rest of P. filiformis; future morphological analyses are needed to identify whether it merits recognition as a new, extremely rare species.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and diversity in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench landraces from marginal sorghum production lands in Senegal, based on SSR markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Amy Bodian ◽  
Bassiaka Ouattara ◽  
Awa Sarr ◽  
Boubacar Gano ◽  
Mbaye-Ndoye Sall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
In Situ Management

Data on sorghum genetic diversity in Senegal are missing despite its importance in the food and feed in the country. In order to contribute to the sustainable in situ management of sorghum germplasm, we investigated its genetic diversity and structure in its marginal production areas. Investigations were focused on Thiès, Diourbel and Kédougou regions where sorghum landraces have been less investigated and genetic information on landraces is unknown. A total of 148 sorghum accessions representative of landraces used in production systems have been sampled and analyzed with 30 microsatellite markers. A total of 138 alleles have been recorded. The number of alleles per locus varied from 3 (7 loci) to 8 (3 loci). The observed heterozygosity varied from 0 to 0.62. The low genetic distance (0.12) was recorded between Thiès and Diourbel populations and the highest distance (0.22) between Thiès and Kédougou populations. Dendrogram obtained according to Neighbour joining classification model allowed the classification of sorghum accessions into three main groups. The Genetic structure is not function to the regions indicating that landraces are not specific to a region. The results are a first step toward the sustainable in situ management of genetic resources. Data on the whole range of existing diversity of sorghum in Senegal is an important key for its germplasm management; so, the genotyping must be extended to accessions from the whole country.

scholarly journals Population genetics of the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), using species-specific microsatellite loci

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10327
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Landínez-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Narváez ◽  
Edna J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Species Specific

Prochilodus magdalenae is a freshwater fish endemic to the Colombian Magdalena-Cauca and Caribbean hydrographic basins. The genetic structure patterns of populations of different members of Prochilodus and the historic restocking of its depleted natural populations suggest that P. magdalenae exhibits genetic stocks that coexist and co-migrate throughout the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, Cesar, Sinú and Atrato. To test this hypothesis and explore the levels of genetic diversity and population demography of 725 samples of P. magdalenae from the studied rivers, we developed a set of 11 species-specific microsatellite loci using next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and experimental tests of the levels of diversity of the microsatellite loci. The results evidenced that P. magdalenae exhibits high genetic diversity, significant inbreeding coefficient ranging from 0.162 to 0.202, and signs of erosion of the genetic pool. Additionally, the population genetic structure constitutes a mixture of genetic stocks heterogeneously distributed along the studied rivers, and moreover, a highly divergent genetic stock was detected in Chucurí, Puerto Berrío and Palagua that may result from restocking practices. This study provides molecular tools and a wide framework regarding the genetic diversity and structure of P. magdalenae, which is crucial to complement its baseline information, diagnosis and monitoring of populations, and to support the implementation of adequate regulation, management, and conservation policies.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of Oryza glumaepatula wild rice populations and evidence of introgression from O. sativa in Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Fuchs ◽  
Allan Meneses Martínez ◽  
Amanda Calvo ◽  
Melania Muñoz ◽  
Griselda Arrieta-Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Diversity Estimates ◽  
Oryza Glumaepatula

Wild crop relatives are an important source of genetic diversity for crop improvement. However, gene flow from cultivated species into wild species may prove detrimental. Introgression may lead to changes in wild species by incorporating alleles from domesticated species, which may increase the likelihood of extinction. The objective of the present study is to analyze how genetic diversity is distributed within and among populations of the wild rice species Oryza glumaepatula in Costa Rica. We also evaluated if there is evidence of introgression between wild rice and commercial varieties of O. sativa since it is cultivated commonly in close proximity to wild rice populations. Individuals from all known O. glumaepatula populations in Costa Rica were collected. With the aid of 455 AFLP markers, we characterized the genetic diversity and structure among seven populations in northern Costa Rica. Given the dominant nature of our markers, Bayesian estimates of genetic structure were used. We also compared genetic diversity estimates between O. glumaepatula individuals and O. sativa commercial rice. Our results show that O. glumaepatula populations in Costa Rica have moderately high levels of genetic diversity, comparable to those found in South American populations. This is likely a result of large population size. Despite the restricted distributions of this wild species, in Costa Rica most populations are composed of several thousand individuals, thus reducing the effects of drift on genetic diversity. Our results also found low but significant structure (\theta=0.03±0.001) among populations that are separated by ~10 Km within a single river. The position of the population along the river did not influence genetic diversity estimates or differences among populations. This river does not have a strong current and meadows or seeds may easily move upstream, thus homogenizing genetic diversity across populations regardless of river position. Ample gene flow through pollen, seeds or detached culms within the same river reduces genetic structure. A Bayesian structure analysis showed that individuals from two populations share a significant proportion of their genomes with O. sativa genome. These results suggest that the low levels of genetic structure found in these populations are likely the result of introgression from cultivated O. sativa populations. These results expose an important biohazard as recurrent hybridization may reduce genetic diversity of this wild rice species. Introgression may transfer commercial traits into the only populations of O. glumaepatula in Costa Rica, which in turn could alter genetic diversity and increase the likelihood of local extinction. These results have important implications for in situ conservation strategies of the only wild populations of O. glumaepatula in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Habitat Connectivity for Jaguar (Panthera onca) Conservation in Central Belize.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Menchaca ◽  
Natalia Rossi ◽  
Jeremy Froidevaux ◽  
Isabela Dias-freedman ◽  
Anthony Caragiulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Landscape Permeability ◽  
Forest Reserve

Abstract Background Connectivity among jaguar (Panthera onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. Jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. Accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. Here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual-based conservation genetic analyses to assess genetic diversity and levels of genetic connectivity between individuals in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We used expert knowledge and scientific literature to develop models of landscape permeability based on circuit theory with fine-scale landscape features as ecosystem types, distance to human settlements and roads to predict the most probable jaguar movement across central Belize. Results We used 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify 50 individual jaguars. We detected high levels of genetic diversity across loci (HE= 0.61, HO= 0.55, and NA=9.33). Using Bayesian clustering and multivariate models to assess gene flow and genetic structure, we identified one single group of jaguars (K = 1). We identified critical areas for jaguar movement that fall outside the boundaries of current protected areas in central Belize. We detected two main areas of high landscape permeability in a stretch of approximately 18 km between Sittee River Forest Reserve and Manatee Forest Reserve that may increase functional connectivity and facilitate jaguar dispersal from and to Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. Our analysis provides important insights on fine-scale genetic and landscape connectivity of jaguars in central Belize, an area of conservation concern. Conclusions The results of our study demonstrate high levels of relatively recent gene flow for jaguars between two study sites in central Belize. Our landscape analysis detected corridors of expected jaguar movement between the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We highlight the importance of maintaining already established corridors and consolidating new areas that further promote jaguar movement across suitable habitat beyond the boundaries of currently protected areas. Continued conservation efforts within identified corridors will further maintain and increase genetic connectivity in central Belize.

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