scholarly journals Bodily sensations and the varieties of spatial bodily awareness

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (37) ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Luis Alejandro Murillo Lara
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Spatial Property ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Observational Knowledge

This paper addresses the question of whether awareness of the spatial properties of our body is achieved through bodily sensations. We begin by analyzing our current understanding of the spatial dimension of bodily sensations. The notion of non-observational knowledge is introduced as the main objection to the idea that bodily sensations are the means by which we are aware of any spatial property of our body. We discuss two important philosophical criticisms of such a notion, as well as a series of empirical findings that could be interpreted as objections. We finish by considering an alternative explanation of our awareness of the spatial properties of our body.

Was Descartes right after all? An affective background for bodily awareness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Many

Recent accounts of interoception have highlighted its role for self-awareness, but what gives it such a privileged status compared to other sources of information about the body, and is it actually warranted? This chapter first explores the many ways one might understand the notion of interoception, rejecting most definitions that are too liberal. It further focuses on the interoceptive feelings that we spontaneously experience, such as thirst, fatigue, or hunger, highlighting the limits of the attentional notion of interoceptive awareness in use in the experimental literature. Interoceptive feelings inform us about the welfare of the organism as a whole and their spatial principle of organization is holistic. This chapter then assesses the contribution of these feelings for the awareness of one’s body as one’s own. In brief, their role is not to fix the spatial boundaries of the body but rather to provide an affective background to our bodily sensations.

Bodily Space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont
Keyword(s):  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The One ◽  
Tactile Sensations

Imagine that two pressures of equal intensity are applied on your cheek and on your knee inducing two tactile sensations. In what sense do these two sensations feel different? In other words, is there a specific spatial phenomenology that is constitutive of bodily sensations? If one replies negatively, then one would expect free-floating sensations but there seems to be no such thing. But if one replies positively, then one has to explain what grounds this spatial phenomenology that seems to differ on many respects from the one encountered in visual experiences. One may then suggest accounting for it in terms of dispositions to direct actions at the locations of bodily sensations. However, sensorimotor approaches to bodily awareness face major conceptual and empirical difficulties.

Mind the Body

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
The Relationship

Our own body seems to be the object that we know the best for we constantly receive a flow of internal information about it. Yet bodily awareness has attracted little attention in the literature, possibly because it seems reducible to William James’s description of a “feeling of the same old body always there” (1890, p. 242). But it is not true that our body always feels so familiar. In particular, puzzling neurological disorders and new bodily illusions raise a wide range of questions about the relationship between the body and the self. Although most of the time we experience our body as our own, it is possible to report feeling parts of our body as alien. It is also possible to experience extraneous objects, such as prosthetic hands, as our own. Hence, what makes us feel this particular body as our own? The fact that we feel sensations there? The fact that we can voluntarily move it? Or the fact that it needs protection for self-preservation? To answer these questions, we need a better understanding of the various aspects of bodily self-awareness, including the spatiality of bodily sensations, their multimodality, their role in social cognition, their relation to action, and to self-defence. Mind the Body thus provides a comprehensive treatment of bodily awareness and of the sense of bodily ownership, combining philosophical analysis with recent experimental results from cognitive science.

Association of pituitary adenoma with neuronal christoma: A TEM study

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Eva Horvath ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
B. W. Scheithauer ◽  
R. V. Lloyd ◽  
H. S. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Secretory Neurons

The association of a pituitary adenoma with nervous tissue consisting of neuron-like cells and neuropil is a rare abnormality. In the majority of cases, the pituitary tumor is a chromophobic adenoma, accompanied by acromegaly. Histology reveals widely variable proportions of endocrine and nervous tissue in alternating or intermingled patterns. The lesion is perceived as a composite one consisting of two histogenetically distinct parts. It has been suggested that the neuronal component, morphologically similar to secretory neurons of the hypothalamus, may initiate adenoma formation by releasing stimulatory substances. Immunoreactivity for growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) in the neuronal component of some cases supported this view, whereas other findings such as consistent lack of growth hormone (GH) cell hyperplasia in the lesions called for alternative explanation.Fifteen tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and a neuronal component have been collected over a 20 yr. period. Acromegaly was present in 11 patients, was equivocal in one, and absent in 3.

Attitude Accessibility as an Alternative Explanation for How Inoculation Confers Resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pfau ◽  
David Roskos-Ewoldsen ◽  
Michelle Wood ◽  
Suya Yin ◽  
Jaeho Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Attitude Accessibility

Dark and Peculiar

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Goran Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Negative Emotional Reaction ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Psychopathic Tendencies

Abstract. Earlier research suggested that militant extremists could have certain aspects of psychopathic and psychotic characteristics. Relying on these studies, we investigated whether the Militant Extremist Mind-Set (MEM) could be explained by psychopathy, sadism, and Disintegration (psychosis proneness), as subclinical manifestations of amoral, antisocial, and psychotic-like traits. In Study 1 (306 undergraduate students), it was shown that sadistic and psychopathic tendencies were related to Proviolence (advocating violence as a means for achieving a goal); psychopathic and disintegrative tendencies were associated to the Vile World (belief in a world as a corrupted and vile place), while Disintegration was the best predictor of Divine Power (relying on supernatural forces as a rationale for extremist acts). In Study 2 (147 male convicts), these relations were largely replicated and broadened by including implicit emotional associations to violence in the study design. Thus, while Proviolence was found to be related to a weakened negative emotional reaction to violent pictures, Vile World was found to be associated with stronger negative emotions as a response to violence. Furthermore, Proviolence was the only MEM factor clearly differentiating the sample of convicts from male students who participated in Study 1. Results help extend current understanding about personal characteristics related to militant extremism.

Does the Name-Race Implicit Association Test Measure Racial Prejudice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽  
Han L. J. van der Maas ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Test Measure

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An alternative explanation is that the result is due to differences in in-group/out-group membership. In this study, we conducted three different IATs: one with same-race Dutch names versus racially charged Moroccan names; one with same-race Dutch names versus racially neutral Finnish names; and one with Moroccan names versus Finnish names. Results showed equivalent effects for the Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Finnish IATs, but no effect for the Finnish-Moroccan IAT. This suggests that the name-race IAT-effect is not due to racial prejudice. A diffusion model decomposition indicated that the IAT-effects were caused by changes in speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and non-decision time.

Unconscious recognition in prosopagnosia: An alternative explanation

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J . Farah ◽  
Randall C. O'Reilly ◽  
Shaun P. Vecera
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation

An Alternative Explanation for the Shape of 'Log-Spiral' Bays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Littlewood ◽  
A. Brad Murray ◽  
Andrew D. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation

The Role of Women in Pursuing Scottish Criminal Actions, 1580–1650

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-250
Author(s):  
Stephanie Dropuljic
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
The Law ◽  
Role Of Women

This article examines the role of women in raising criminal actions of homicide before the central criminal court, in early modern Scotland. In doing so, it highlights the two main forms of standing women held; pursing an action for homicide alone and as part of a wider group of kin and family. The evidence presented therein challenges our current understanding of the role of women in the pursuit of crime and contributes to an under-researched area of Scots criminal legal history, gender and the law.

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