scholarly journals Posture and isokinetic shoulder strength in female water polo players

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Aginsky
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
South African ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shoulder Strength

Background: Being overhead athletes, water polo players can present with muscular imbalances of the shoulder, between the internal rotators (IR) and external rotators (ER), leading to changes in posture and an increased risk of injury.Objectives: To assess posture and isokinetic shoulder strength of female club-level water polo players.Methods: A descriptive study assessing posture and isokinetic strength of the IR and ER shoulder muscles in 15 female club-level South African water polo players (age: 21.3 ± 1.5 years) was conducted. Posture was assessed using a posture grid. Isokinetic shoulder rotator muscle strength was tested over five repetitions concentrically and eccentrically at 60°/sec using a Biodex system 3 isokinetic dynamometer. The bilateral, reciprocal and functional dynamic control ratios (DCR) were calculated.Results: Typical postures noted were a forward head, rounded shoulders, increased thoracic spine kyphosis, elevated non-dominant shoulder and mild scapula winging. The mean concentric reciprocal ratios for the dominant (52.2 ± 7%) and non-dominant (51.9 ± 6.4%) sides indicated ER muscle weakness. DCR values were within normal limits for the group. (D: 0.75 ± 0.2 and ND: 0.75 ± 0.1).Conclusion: There is a trend for these female water polo players to have rounded shoulders and forward head postures, as well as ER muscle strength weakness, the combination of which could predispose the athletes to shoulder injury.

scholarly journals Preseason Strength Assessment of the Rotator Muscles and Shoulder Injury in Handball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Forthomme ◽  
Jean-Louis Croisier ◽  
François Delvaux ◽  
Jean-François Kaux ◽  
Jean-Michel Crielaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Increased Risk

Context:  Few researchers have identified intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injury in team handball players by analyzing measurements of maximal isokinetic rotator muscle strength. Objective:  To identify possible intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injury by analyzing measurements of maximal isokinetic rotator muscle strength. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Male team handball senior divisions (the highest level) in France and Belgium. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 108 male high-level handball players (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 189 ± 6 cm, mass = 87 ± 11 kg) were enrolled. Main Outcome Measure(s):  All players completed a preseason questionnaire and performed a bilateral isokinetic assessment of the shoulder rotator muscles. On a monthly questionnaire, players reported any shoulder injury that they sustained during the season. Results:  On the preseason questionnaire, 51 of 108 (47%) participants reported a history of dominant-shoulder injury. A total of 106 participants completed the in-season questionnaire, with 22% (n = 23) reporting a shoulder injury on their dominant side during the subsequent season. Fourteen percent (n = 15) sustained microtraumatic injuries, and 8% (n = 8) described a traumatic injury. Backcourt players had a 3.5-times increased risk of injury during the new season compared with players in other positions. Among the isokinetic results, no risk factor for further injury was identified in handball players with microtraumatic injuries. For traumatic injuries, the concentric maximal strength developed by the internal rotators at high speed (240°/s) in the dominant shoulder was a protective factor against the risk of further injury. Conclusions:  These results can potentially identify intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injury and may be used to determine potential interventions for reducing this risk in handball players.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Computer Workstation—A Pilot Study of Clinical and Biochemical Investigation during Work at Static Respectively Mobile Keyboards

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Bijar Ghafouri ◽  
Karin Wåhlén ◽  
Ulrika Wentzel-Olausson ◽  
Staffan Smeds
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength

A large and increasing number of the work force in the population spend their work hours at the keyboard. There is evidence that repetitive high levels of static work, or extreme working postures involving the neck–shoulder muscles are an increased risk for chronic neck–shoulder pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic computer working (DCW), using a mobile application to the desk surface, on pain characteristics and biomarkers in office workers. We included 10 female subjects. All subjects answered questionnaires about general health, pain intensity and characteristics. The pressure pain threshold (PPT), neck range and motion, neck and shoulder strength were measured. Microdialysis was conducted in trapezius muscle. Measurements were performed before and 4 weeks after DCW. Multivariate analysis, orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate analysis paired test, Wilcoxon, was performed. There was significant improvement in reported neck pain, quality of life, and psychological distress after 4 weeks DCW. The PPT and strength in neck and shoulder were significantly increased after DCW. A significant OPLS-DA model showed clear separation between the samples collected before and after 4 weeks DCW. In conclusion, these results show that keyboard work at a movable desk application might decrease the risk of repetitive strain injuries in the neck and shoulder muscles.

Reduced shoulder strength and change in range of motion are risk factors for shoulder injury in water polo players

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Andrea Hams ◽  
Kerrie Evans ◽  
Roger Adams ◽  
Gordon Waddington ◽  
Jeremy Witchalls
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Shoulder Strength

scholarly journals A Clinical Method for Identifying Scapular Dyskinesis, Part 1: Reliability

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McClure ◽  
Angela R. Tate ◽  
Stephen Kareha ◽  
Dominic Irwin ◽  
Erica Zlupko
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scapular Motion

Abstract Context: Shoulder injuries are common in athletes involved in overhead sports, and scapular dyskinesis is believed to be one causative factor in these injuries. Many authors assert that abnormal scapular motion, so-called dyskinesis, is related to shoulder injury, but evidence from 3-dimensional measurement studies regarding this relationship is mixed. Reliable and valid clinical methods for detecting scapular dyskinesis are lacking. Objective: To determine the interrater reliability of a new test designed to detect abnormal scapular motion. Design: Correlation design using ratings from multiple pairs of testers. Setting: University athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: A sample of 142 athletes (from National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and III) participating in sports requiring intense overhead arm use. Intervention(s): Participants were videotaped from the posterior aspect while performing 5 repetitions of bilateral, weighted (1.4-kg [3-lb] or 2.3-kg [5-lb]) shoulder flexion and frontal-plane abduction. Videotapes from randomly chosen participants were subsequently viewed and independently rated for the presence of scapular dyskinesis by 6 raters (3 pairs), with each pair rating 30 different participants. Raters were trained to detect scapular dyskinesis using a self-instructional format with standardized operational definitions and videotaped examples of normal and abnormal motion. Main Outcome Measure(s): Scapular dyskinesis was defined as the presence of either winging or dysrhythmia. Right and left sides were rated independently as normal, subtle, or obvious dyskinesis. We calculated percentage of agreement and weighted kappa (κw) coefficients to determine reliability. Results: Percentage of agreement was between 75% and 82%, and κw ranged from 0.48 to 0.61. Conclusions: The test for scapular dyskinesis showed satisfactory reliability for clinical use in a sample of overhead athletes known to be at increased risk for shoulder symptoms.

THE IMPACT OF LUMBOPELVIC CONTROL ON OVERHEAD PERFORMANCE AND SHOULDER INJURY IN OVERHEAD ATHLETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thane Cope ◽  
Sarah Wechter ◽  
Michaella Stucky ◽  
Corey Thomas ◽  
Mark Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
The Impact

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5617-5627
Author(s):  
Mirjana Stojković ◽  
Miloš Žarković
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
Increased Risk

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is 3-10%. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHr) is 0.7-9.7%. Thyroid hormones affect cardiac electrophysiology, contractility, and vasculature. SH is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in subjects under 65. SHr seems to be associated with a slightly increased risk of CHD and an increase in CHD-related mortality. Both SH and SHr carry an increased risk of developing heart failure (HF), especially in those under 65. Both SH and SHr are associated with worse prognoses in patients with existing HF. SH is probably not associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). SHr, low normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and high normal free thyroxine (FT4) are all associated with the increased risk of AF. An association between endothelial dysfunction and SH seems to exist. Data regarding the influence of SHr on the peripheral vascular system are conflicting. SH is a risk factor for stroke in subjects under 65. SHr does not increase the risk of stroke. Both SH and SHr have an unfavourable effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. There is a U-shaped curve of mortality in relation to TSH concentrations. A major factor that modifies the relation between subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) and mortality is age. SH increases blood pressure (BP). SHr has no significant effect on BP. Lipids are increased in patients with SH. In SHr, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein( a) are increased. SCTD should be treated when TSH is over 10 mU/l or under 0.1 mU/l. Treatment indications are less clear when TSH is between normal limits and 0.1 or 10 mU/L. The current state of knowledge supports the understanding of SCTD’s role as a risk factor for CVD development. Age is a significant confounding factor, probably due to age-associated changes in the TSH reference levels.

scholarly journals Augmentation Index Is Inversely Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Anaerobic Power in Young Male Adults: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3146
Author(s):  
Dongmin Lee ◽  
Kyengho Byun ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽  
Sewon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Arterial stiffness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between arterial stiffness and variables such as skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and anaerobic power in older individuals. However, little research has been undertaken on relationships in healthy young adults. This study presents a preliminary research that investigates the association between arterial stiffness and muscular factors in healthy male college students. Twenty-three healthy young males (23.9 ± 0.5 years) participated in the study. The participants visited the laboratory, and variables including body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood parameters, grip strength, and anaerobic power were measured. Measurements of augmentation index (AIx) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were performed to determine arterial stiffness. There were significant positive correlations among skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and anaerobic power in healthy young adult males. AIx was negatively associated with a skeletal muscle mass (r = −0.785, p < 0.01), muscular strength (r = −0.500, p < 0.05), and anaerobic power (r = −0.469, p < 0.05), respectively. Likewise, AIx@75 corrected with a heart rate of 75 was negatively associated with skeletal muscle mass (r = −0.738, p < 0.01), muscular strength (r = −0.461, p < 0.05), and anaerobic power (r = −0.420, p < 0.05) respectively. However, the baPWV showed no correlation with all muscular factors. Our findings suggest that maintaining high levels of skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and anaerobic power from relatively young age may lower AIx.

scholarly journals Comparison of Y-Balance Test Performance by maturation status in youth distance runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0008
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Micah C. Garcia ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Jason T. Long ◽  
Kevin R. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle Strength ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Distance running is a popular interscholastic sport, but also has an associated high risk of running-related injuries. Recent literature suggests that functional tests may help to identify athletes at increased risk of injury. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is an objective measure used to assess functional muscle strength and balance and to expose asymmetries between tested limbs. Purpose: To determine if YBT performance was associated with maturation status in healthy, youth distance runners. We hypothesized that mid-pubertal (MP) runners would demonstrate less functional reach distance than pre-pubertal (PrP) or post-pubertal (PoP) runners. Methods: A convenience sample of 142 (Females: n=79, Males: n=63) uninjured youth runners (ages 13.5±2.7 years; weekly running distance: 18.2±20.4 km) were recruited from the local community. All runners met inclusion criteria, indicating that they were between 9 and 19 years old and participated in long-distance running activities such as school/club track and field, cross country, road races, trail running, and/or soccer. The runners completed a modified Pubertal Maturational Observation Scale (PMOS), then were screened for right (R) and left (L) anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) reach distances (cm) normalized by lower limb length (cm). Composite reach distance was calculated by the sum of the three reach distances divided by three times the limb length multiplied by 100 for R and L limbs. ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to compare maximum normalized reach distances for the three directions and composite reach distance by maturation status and sex. Results: Overall, 31.7% were classified as PrP status, 26.1% as MP, and 42.3% as PoP, with similar percentages by sex ( p=0.84). The only significant mean difference was found for R ANT maximum normalized reach distance between PrP and PoP ( p=0.02), indicating a greater normalized reach in PrP athletes. No significant mean differences were found for R or L PM and PL maximum normalized reach distances, or for R or L composite reach distances, by maturation status or when stratified by maturation and sex ( p>0.05). Conclusions: In this sample of youth runners, the YBT was only a discriminator of anterior reach distance between pre-pubertal and post-pubertal runners. As decreased anterior reach is associated with reduced quadriceps muscle strength and anterior knee pain, reduced anterior reach in post-pubertal runners may potentially signify an increased risk of sustaining a running-related injury. Thus, preventive efforts to ensure good functional quadriceps muscle strength may be merited.

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