scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of patients utilizing dental public health services in the eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Jimmy M Mthethwa ◽  
Ozayr H Mahomed ◽  
Veerasamy Yengopal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Oral Conditions

INTRODUCTION: Oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and trauma affect millions of people globally. These conditions can be prevented when detected early, thereby avoiding adverse outcomes. The prevalence of oral conditions has been reported in most provinces. However, there is a paucity of data in KwaZulu-Natal. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral conditions at public health facilities in two health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to determine the nature of oral conditions treated in dental facilities in the eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts, in KwaZulu-Natal. The study was conducted over a 5-month period (November 2018 - April 2019). After clinicians examined the patients they entered the data in the patients clinical records and selected information (routine medical history questions as well as 16 possible diagnosis codes) were entered into a data extraction template. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: Dental caries was the most prevalent oral condition at 66.4% followed by periodontal disease at 11.7%, trauma at 7.3% and lastly tooth loss at 5.9% CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to knowledge on the prevalence of these oral conditions found in the province.

Predictors of Dental Caries Among Adults Attending Public Oral Health Facilities in Two Districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Cross Sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Mthethwa ◽  
Ozayr Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Abstract Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic oral condition affecting millions of people worldwide. There are several predictors of dental caries that include amongst others water source, fluoride use, smoking status, alcohol use, employment status, level of education, diet and socioeconomic status. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and or predictors associated with dental caries among adults attending dental clinics at public health facilities in eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South AfricaSetting: The study took place at thirteen dental public health clinics in eThekwini and six from uMgungundlovu districts in KZN province, South AfricaMethods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a 5-month period from November 2018 to the end of March 2019 with a sample of 4716 patients of all adults 18 years and above age groups. A clinical examination as well as a close-ended questionnaire on the diagnosis, basic demographics data, socioeconomic status (SES), as well as lifestyle-related questions such as smoking, alcohol use and dietary choices, was administered to all consenting participants. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis using logistical regression were used to measure the association.Results: Females participants OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) p < 0.001**, patients consuming an unhealthy diet OR1.2 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) p < 0.001** were more likely to develop dental caries. Patients Achieving more than secondary level education were OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) p = 0.02* less likely to develop dental caries. Despite showing a slightly increased odds ratio OR 1.25 (95% CI 0.93-1.67) p = 0.14, lack of access to water was not a statistically significant contributor to dental caries.Conclusion: This study showed that female sex, consumption of an unhealthy diet and lower than a secondary level of education were the predictors of dental caries. It is hoped that these findings will contribute in influencing dental public health policy planning to ensure that planning for dental services takes a more comprehensive approach that includes health promotion, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention at appropriate levels of the health system.

scholarly journals Work stress and oral conditions: a systematic review of observational studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046532
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Yasuaki Saijo ◽  
Eiji Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Oral Conditions

ObjectivesAlthough psychological stress is a risk factor for oral diseases, there seems to be no review on work stress. This study aimed to review the evidence on the association between work stress and oral conditions, including dental caries, periodontal status and tooth loss.DesignA systematic review of published observational studies.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases on 12 August 2020.Study selectionArticles were screened based on the following inclusion criteria: published after 1966; in English only; epidemiological studies on humans (except case studies, reviews, letters, commentaries and editorials); and examined the association of work stress with dental caries, periodontal status and tooth loss.Data extractionData were extracted from eligible studies. A quality assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.ResultsOf 402 articles identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria, and 1 study assessed the association of work stress with dental caries and periodontal status. Of 11 studies, 1 reported a non-significant association between work stress and dental caries; 8 of 9 studies reported a significant association between work stress and worse periodontal status; and 1 of 2 studies reported a significant association between work stress and tooth loss. Nine of 11 studies were cross-sectional, while the remaining 2 studies had unclear methodology. Only two studies were sufficiently adjusted for potential confounders. Eight studies assessed work stress but did not use the current major measures. Three studies were rated as fair, while eight studies had poor quality.ConclusionsThere is a lack of evidence on the association of work stress with dental caries and tooth loss. Eight studies suggested potential associations between periodontal status and work stress. Cohort studies using the major work stress measures and adjusting for the potential confounders are needed.

scholarly journals The Interaction between HIV and Intestinal Helminth Parasites Coinfection with Nutrition among Adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Mkhize ◽  
M. Mabaso ◽  
T. Mamba ◽  
C. E. Napier ◽  
Z. L. Mkhize-Kwitshana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Comprehensive Primary Health Care ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

In South Africa few studies have examined the effects of the overlap of HIV and helminth infections on nutritional status. This cross-sectional study investigated the interaction between HIV and intestinal helminths coinfection with nutritional status among KwaZulu-Natal adults. Participants were recruited from a comprehensive primary health care clinic and stratified based on their HIV, stool parasitology, IgE, and IgG4 results into four groups: the uninfected, HIV infected, helminth infected, and HIV-helminth coinfected groups. The nutritional status was assessed using body mass index, 24-hour food recall, micro-, and macronutrient biochemical markers. Univariate and multivariate multinomial probit regression models were used to assess nutritional factors associated with singly and dually infected groups using the uninfected group as a reference category. Biochemically, the HIV-helminth coinfected group was associated with a significantly higher total protein, higher percentage of transferrin saturation, and significantly lower ferritin. There was no significant association between single or dual infections with HIV and helminths with micro- and macronutrient deficiency; however general obesity and low micronutrient intake patterns, which may indicate a general predisposition to micronutrient and protein-energy deficiency, were observed and may need further investigations.

Oral Health and Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole. A. Palmer ◽  
Zhangmuge Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

scholarly journals Coital frequency and condom use in age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24: evidence from a cross-sectional study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin George ◽  
Brendan Maughan-Brown ◽  
Sean Beckett ◽  
Meredith Evans ◽  
Cherie Cawood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Coital Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

ObjectiveThis study examines the role of age-disparate partnerships on young women’s HIV risk by investigating coital frequency and condom use within age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingParticipants were randomly selected using a two-stage random sampling method in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between June 2014 and June 2015.ParticipantsA total of 1306 15–24-year-old women in an ongoing heterosexual partnership were included in the analysis. Participants had to be a resident in the area for 12 months, and able to provide informed consent and speak one of the local languages (Zulu or English).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSexual frequency was assessed by asking participants how many times they had sex with each partner in the past 12 months. The degree of condomless sex within partnerships was assessed in the survey by asking participants how often they used a condom with their partners.ResultsAge-disparate partnerships were associated with a higher order category (once, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, >20) of coital frequency (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.32, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71) and with sex on more than 10 occasions (aOR 1.48, p<0.01, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96) compared with age-similar partnerships. Age-disparate partnerships were also more likely to involve sex on more than 10 occasions with inconsistent condom use (aOR 1.43, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.96) in the previous 12 months.ConclusionThe finding that increased sexual activity is positively associated with age-disparate partnerships adds to the evidence that age-disparate partnerships pose greater HIV risk for young women. Our study results indicate that interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour within age-disparate partnerships remain relevant to reducing the high HIV incidence rates among adolescent girls and young women.

Evaluation of Healthcare Services: Cross-sectional Case in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Peggy Gumede ◽  
Paul Green ◽  
Bongani Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

scholarly journals High incidence and persistence of hepatitis B virus infection in individuals receiving HIV care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nokukhanya Msomi ◽  
Kogieleum Naidoo ◽  
Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma ◽  
Nesri Padayatchi ◽  
Kerusha Govender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) are common infections in South Africa. We utilized the opportunity of care provision for HIV-TB co-infected patients to better understand the relationship between these coinfections, determine the magnitude of the problem, and identify risk factors for HBV infection in HIV infected patients with and without TB in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken in 2018. In-care HIV infected patients were included in the analysis. Results from clinical records were analysed to determine the prevalence, incidence, persistence and factors associated with HBsAg positivity in HIV-infected patients with or without TB co-infection. Results A total of 4292 HIV-infected patients with a mean age of 34.7 years (SD: 8.8) were included. Based on HBsAg positivity, the prevalence of HBV was 8.5% (363/4292) [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.7–9.3] at baseline and 9.4% (95%CI: 8.6–10.3%) at end of follow-up. The HBV incidence rate was 2.1/100 person-years (p-y). Risk of incident HBV infection was two-fold higher among male patients (HR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14–3.92), while severe immunosuppression was associated with a greater than two-fold higher risk of persistent infection (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 2.54; 95% CI 1.06–6.14; p = 0.004. Additionally, active TB at enrolment was associated with a two-fold higher risk of incident HBV infection (aHR 2.38; 95% CI: 0.77–7.35). Conclusion The provision of HIV care and treatment in high HBV burden settings provide a missed opportunity for HBV screening, immunization and care provision.

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