scholarly journals Work stress and oral conditions: a systematic review of observational studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046532
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Yasuaki Saijo ◽  
Eiji Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Oral Conditions

ObjectivesAlthough psychological stress is a risk factor for oral diseases, there seems to be no review on work stress. This study aimed to review the evidence on the association between work stress and oral conditions, including dental caries, periodontal status and tooth loss.DesignA systematic review of published observational studies.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases on 12 August 2020.Study selectionArticles were screened based on the following inclusion criteria: published after 1966; in English only; epidemiological studies on humans (except case studies, reviews, letters, commentaries and editorials); and examined the association of work stress with dental caries, periodontal status and tooth loss.Data extractionData were extracted from eligible studies. A quality assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.ResultsOf 402 articles identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria, and 1 study assessed the association of work stress with dental caries and periodontal status. Of 11 studies, 1 reported a non-significant association between work stress and dental caries; 8 of 9 studies reported a significant association between work stress and worse periodontal status; and 1 of 2 studies reported a significant association between work stress and tooth loss. Nine of 11 studies were cross-sectional, while the remaining 2 studies had unclear methodology. Only two studies were sufficiently adjusted for potential confounders. Eight studies assessed work stress but did not use the current major measures. Three studies were rated as fair, while eight studies had poor quality.ConclusionsThere is a lack of evidence on the association of work stress with dental caries and tooth loss. Eight studies suggested potential associations between periodontal status and work stress. Cohort studies using the major work stress measures and adjusting for the potential confounders are needed.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of patients utilizing dental public health services in the eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Jimmy M Mthethwa ◽  
Ozayr H Mahomed ◽  
Veerasamy Yengopal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Oral Conditions

INTRODUCTION: Oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and trauma affect millions of people globally. These conditions can be prevented when detected early, thereby avoiding adverse outcomes. The prevalence of oral conditions has been reported in most provinces. However, there is a paucity of data in KwaZulu-Natal. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral conditions at public health facilities in two health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to determine the nature of oral conditions treated in dental facilities in the eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts, in KwaZulu-Natal. The study was conducted over a 5-month period (November 2018 - April 2019). After clinicians examined the patients they entered the data in the patients clinical records and selected information (routine medical history questions as well as 16 possible diagnosis codes) were entered into a data extraction template. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: Dental caries was the most prevalent oral condition at 66.4% followed by periodontal disease at 11.7%, trauma at 7.3% and lastly tooth loss at 5.9% CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to knowledge on the prevalence of these oral conditions found in the province.

scholarly journals Selecting Risk of Bias Tools for Observational Studies for a Systematic Review of Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Caries among Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8623
Author(s):  
Rokiah Mamikutty ◽  
Ameera Syafiqah Aly ◽  
Jamaludin Marhazlinda
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

In conducting a systematic review, assessing the risk of bias of the included studies is a vital step; thus, choosing the most pertinent risk of bias (ROB) tools is crucial. This paper determined the most appropriate ROB tools for assessing observational studies in a systematic review assessing the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries among children. First, we determined the ROB tools used in previous reviews on a similar topic. Subsequently, we reviewed articles on ROB tools to identify the most recommended ROB tools for observational studies. Of the twelve ROB tools identified from the previous steps, three ROB tools that best fit the eight criteria of a good ROB tool were the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case-control studies, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) for a cross-sectional study. We further assessed the inter-rater reliability for all three tools by analysing the percentage agreement, inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa score. The overall percentage agreements and reliability scores of these tools ranged from good to excellent. Two ROB tools for the cross-sectional study were further evaluated qualitatively against nine of a tool’s advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the AHRQ and NOS were selected as the most appropriate ROB tool to assess cross-sectional and cohort studies in the present review.

scholarly journals Effort-reward Imbalance at Work and Oral Diseases: a Cross-sectional Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Eiji Yoshioka ◽  
Masanori Takekawa ◽  
Yasuaki Saijo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Psychological stress is a potential risk factor for oral diseases. However, evidence for association between work stress and oral diseases is lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of work stress, according to the effort-reward imbalance model, with dental caries, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. This cross-sectional study included 619 regular employees. Work stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) ratio. Dental caries and tooth loss were assessed according to the number of decayed and filled teeth (DFT) and missing teeth (MT) among set of 28 teeth. Severe periodontitis was assessed using a questionnaire. The mean ERI ratio (with standard deviations) was 1.12 (0.47). In the pooled analysis, a one-unit increase in the ERI ratio was associated with -0.90 (95% CI = -1.67, -0.12) changes in the mean DFT and -0.20 (95% CI =-0.45, 0.06) changes in the mean MT from adjusted linear regression models. A one-unit increase in the ERI ratio was also associated with 1.66 (95% CI = 1.10, 2.52) of the risk for severe periodontitis based on Poisson regression models. ERI at work was associated with a low number of dental caries and tooth loss, and an increased risk of severe periodontitis.

The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of central obesity in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽  
Mahdi Vajdi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Obesity Indices

Abstract. Backgrounds: Central obesity, as a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous co-morbidities. Dietary factors influence central obesity by increased inflammatory status. However, recent studies didn’t evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary inflammation index (DII®) that give score to dietary factors according to their inflammatory potential. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that investigated the association between DII® with central obesity indices in the general populations. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases, we collected relevant studies written in English and published until 30 October 2019. The population of included studies were apparently healthy subjects or individuals with obesity or obesity-related diseases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between DII® and indices of central obesity including WC or WHR were included. Results: Totally thirty-two studies were included; thirty studies were cross-sectional and two were cohort studies with 103071 participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that higher DII® scores were associated with 1.81 cm increase in WC (Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.813; CI: 0.785–2.841; p = 0.001). Also, a non-significant increase in the odds of having higher WC (OR = 1.162; CI: 0.95–1.43; p = 0.154) in the highest DII category was also observed. In subgroup analysis, the continent, dietary assessment tool and gender were the heterogeneity sources. Conclusion: The findings proposed that adherence to diets with high DII® scores was associated with increased WC. Further studies with interventional designs are necessary to elucidate the causality inference between DII® and central obesity indices.

Does non-institutionalized elders have a better oral health status compared to institutionalized ones? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilky Pollansky Silva e Farias ◽  
Simone Alves de Sousa ◽  
Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽  
Bianca Marques Santiago ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Periodontal Status

Abstract This systematic review compared the oral health status between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and Cochrane Library, in a comprehensive and unrestricted manner. Electronic searches retrieved 1687 articles, which were analyzed with regards to respective eligibility criteria. After reading titles and abstracts, five studies were included and analyzed with respect their methodological quality. Oral status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly was compared through meta-analysis. Included articles involved a cross-sectional design, which investigated 1936 individuals aged 60 years and over, being 999 Institutionalized and 937 non-institutionalized elders. Studies have investigated the prevalence of edentulous individuals, the dental caries experience and the periodontal status. Meta-analysis revealed that institutionalized elderly have greater prevalence of edentulous (OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.68-3.07) and higher number of decayed teeth (MD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.71-1.05) and missed teeth (MD = 4.58, 95%CI = 1.89-7.27). Poor periodontal status did not differ significantly between groups. Compared to non-institutionalized, institutionalized elders have worse dental caries experience.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049882
Author(s):  
Jing Nong Liang ◽  
Savanna Budge ◽  
Austin Madriaga ◽  
Kara Meske ◽  
Derrick Nguyenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.

scholarly journals How does academic achievement relate to cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported physical activity and objectively reported physical activity: a systematic review in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (16) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Diana A Santos ◽  
Charles H Hillman ◽  
Luís B Sardinha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThis report aimed to systematically review the evidence for a differential association between objective and self-reported physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on academic achievement.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesStudies were identified from searches in Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTdiscus and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2016.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligibility criteria included cross-sectional, longitudinal and interventional study designs. Outcomes included students’ school grade or a standardised test or measure of academic achievement. Explanatory variables were cardiorespiratory fitness and objective and self-reported physical activity. Inclusion criteria included school-aged children and adolescents aged–18 years (or students from primary to secondary school when student’s participants age was not described) and articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish.ResultsA total of 51 articles met inclusion criteria: 41 cross-sectional, 2 intervention and 8 longitudinal studies. Results from 11 studies were inconsistent regarding the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and academic achievement. Ten of the 16 articles reported positive associations between self-reported physical activity and academic achievement. From the 22 studies that analysed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement, it was verified that they all generally support the beneficial effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on students’ academic achievement.ConclusionHigher cardiorespiratory fitness may be important to enhance children and adolescents’ health and, additionally, academic achievement. Due to a lack of consensus across studies, methodological issues associated with the assessment of physical activity should be considered when investigating physical activity and academic achievement.

Predictors of tooth loss during long-term periodontal maintenance: a systematic review of observational studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Chambrone ◽  
Daniela Chambrone ◽  
Luiz A. Lima ◽  
Luiz A. Chambrone
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Maintenance

scholarly journals The relationship between Internet use and self-concept clarity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Petre
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

There are three hypotheses regarding the relationship between Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) and Internet use. It was argued that Internet use: 1) decreases SCC, 2) increases SCC, 3) does not relate with SCC. The present study, in the form of a systematic and meta-analytic synthesis, aimed to explore: a) the extent empirical evidence can support each hypothesis; b) how Internet use-SCC relationship was addressed across studies; c) the intensity of the Internet use –SCC relationship; d) potential moderators. Twenty-one studies (N = 8,910) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review (i.e., being quantitative, written in English, concerned with Internet use -SCC relationship) and 11 studies (N = 3,298) met the additional criteria for meta-analysis (i.e., being correlational, using self-evaluation instruments, quantifying general Internet use and including the information needed to calculate the meta-analysis specific indicators). Results emphasized that all three hypotheses are plausible, as distinct dimensions of Internet use related differently with SCC. However, the conclusions were limited by the extensive use of cross-sectional design. For general Internet use and SCC relationship the overall effect was -0.350, p < .01. Some moderators were significant: cultural background, Internet operationalization, age homogeneity, participants rewarding. This paper outlines the complexity of SCC – Internet relationship and underlines some of the gaps that should be further addressed. Implications and limits of the study (e.g., publication bias, excluded outcomes in the meta-analysis or possible omission of moderators) are discussed.

scholarly journals Dietary Fibre Intake in Relation to Asthma, Rhinitis and Lung Function Impairment—A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3594
Author(s):  
Emmanouela Sdona ◽  
Athina Vasiliki Georgakou ◽  
Sandra Ekström ◽  
Anna Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake ◽  
Lung Function Impairment

A high intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases. This study aimed to review the current evidence on dietary fibre in relation to asthma, rhinitis and lung function impairment. Electronic databases were searched in June 2021 for studies on the association between dietary fibre and asthma, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung function. Observational studies with cross-sectional, case–control or prospective designs were included. Studies on animals, case studies and intervention studies were excluded. The quality of the evidence from individual studies was evaluated using the RoB-NObs tool. The World Cancer Research Fund criteria were used to grade the strength of the evidence. Twenty studies were included in this systematic review, of which ten were cohort studies, eight cross-sectional and two case–control studies. Fibre intake during pregnancy or childhood was examined in three studies, while seventeen studies examined the intake during adulthood. There was probable evidence for an inverse association between dietary fibre and COPD and suggestive evidence for a positive association with lung function. However, the evidence regarding asthma and rhinitis was limited and inconsistent. Further research is needed on dietary fibre intake and asthma, rhinitis and lung function among adults and children.

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