scholarly journals Occurrence and intensity of more important fungal diseases on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 590-592
Author(s):  
T. Duvnjak ◽  
M. Vrataric ◽  
A. Sudaric ◽  
J. Cosic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Glycine Max L

The main objective of this study was to determinate the occurrence and intensity of attack by the more important fungal diseases on soybean in Eastern Croatia. Four-year investigation (1998–2001) was undertaken on 10 domestic soybean cultivars with different level of disease resistance. The investigation was set in two planting date (optimal and delayed) on experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Following more important diseases were established: Downy mildew, Pod and stem blight and Stem canker. Significant differences in disease incidence were caused by genetic diversity of tested materials as well as different climatic conditions among growing seasons. According to planting date, significantly higher incidence of Downy mildew and Pod and stem blight was in optimal planting date.

scholarly journals Behavior of Vine Varieties Resistant to Fungal Diseases in the Somontano Region

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Carla Ferrer-Martín ◽  
Antonio Bernad-Eustaquio ◽  
Andrea Elbaile-Mur ◽  
José M. Ayuso-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Bunch Rot

The vine is highly susceptible to numerous fungal diseases, the incidence and severity of which are increasing because of climate change. To fight them, large amounts of phytosanitary products are generally used, although they entail important economic and environmental costs. The new fungus resistant vine varieties (PIWI) constitute one of the most active lines of research on plant material in viticulture and are regarded as a viable solution to respond to the requirements of European Directive 2009/128/EC. In the present work, the evolution and impact of the three main fungal diseases (powdery mildew, downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot) were monitored in plots in the Somontano region (Huesca, Spain), comparing three PIWI varieties (Sauvignon Kretos, Souvignier gris and Muscaris) with a susceptible control variety (Sauvignon blanc) in real field growing conditions over three successive years (2016–2018). The main ampelographic characters of each variety were studied and a weekly follow-up was carried out to track the development of each disease, relating it to climatic variables. Regardless of the climatic conditions (one of the growing seasons was rainy and the other two corresponded to dry years, with differences in the distribution of rainfall), the three PIWI varieties hardly presented any symptoms, demonstrating a high resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew and even to botrytis. Principal component analysis results pointed to a differential behavior versus the control and treated Sauvignon blanc plants in terms of disease resistance. Based on production results, despite the youth of the plantation, the excellent potential of Sauvignon Kretos variety was observed. However, from the analysis of the quality of wine obtained in microvinifications from these fungus resistant varieties in the second and third year, the one obtained from Muscaris seemed to have the best organoleptic properties. Apart from environmental considerations, given that these fungus resistant varieties can significantly contribute to the sustainability of wineries, they may also respond to the demand of consumers who want zero-pesticide products or of the supporters of ecological products adjusted to European regulations.

scholarly journals The influence of low temperatures on the incidence of sugary disease on sorghum

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Ricardo Trezi Casa ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Paulo Tarcísio Domatos Borba
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The relationship between pre-flowering climatic conditions and sugary disease incidence was quantified in grain and forage sorghum genotypes at two sowing periods (mid November and mid December). The trials were carried out over the 2001/02 and 2002/03 growing seasons, in Lages, Santa Catarina State. Four commercial male-fertile sorghum hybrids (BR 600-forrage, BR 700-grain, BR 701-forage/silage and BR 800-forage) and one male-sterile inbred line (BR 001-A) were evaluated. When each genotype reached the flowering stage, 50 panicles were marked and sprayed with a suspension of Claviceps africana (1,000 spores mL-1). Air temperature, humidity and rainfall were recorded through out the growing cycle. Low temperatures three to four weeks prior to flowering, increased susceptibility. At both sowing periods, average night temperatures lower than 15°C during the critical period of pre-flowering turned the fertile hybrids as susceptible as the male-sterile inbred to ergot infection. The tested hybrids differed in their ability to tolerate pre-flowering cold stress. Seed set in uninoculated heads under pollination bags was also reduced, suggesting that increased susceptibility to sugary disease was the result of low temperature induced sterility.

Planting Date Affects Survival and Height Growth of Hybrid Poplar

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Poplar Cuttings ◽  
Energy Plantations

In this study I investigated the effects of planting date for soaked versus unsoaked cuttings of two hybrid poplar clones under irrigated versus unirrigated and weedy versus weed-free conditions. Cuttings were planted each year for 4 years. Survival at the end of the first growing season was generally greater than 90% for all planting dates. At the end of the second growing season survival for trees planted before July 16 was again generally more than 90%. However, cuttings planted from July 30 through August 27 showed a major decline in survival and survival of fall planted cuttings ranged from 6 to 90%. Mortality of late summer- or fall-planted cuttings occurred prior to the beginning of the second growing season and was attributed to frost heaving. The tallest trees were not those planted at the earliest possible dates (April in Rhinelander). Instead, the tallest trees at the end of the first and second growing seasons were those planted in early- and mid-May. This optimum planting period was the same regardless of clone, soaking, irrigation, or weed treatment. Actual optimum planting date would change with location and local climatic conditions. Some climatic indices may prove more universal in predicting when to plant. Although tentative, it appears that for best growth, unrooted hybrid poplar cuttings should be planted in soil warmer than 10 °C. Trees do not grow as well if planted immediately after soil frost leaves the ground. Key words: Energy plantations, plantation establishment, woody biomass, intensive culture, Populus.

scholarly journals Recent Outbreak of Soybean Stem Canker Caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in the Main Soybean-Producing Region of Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pioli ◽  
E. N. Morandi ◽  
A. Luque ◽  
C. O. Gosparini
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Dark Regime ◽  
Pathogen Variability ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Stem Segments

The first report of soybean stem canker (SSC) caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in South America was published in 2001, and was based on an isolate obtained in 1999 at Oliveros, Santa Fe (32°33′S, 60°51′W), Argentina (2). During the 2001 to 2002 growing season, isolates of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora were obtained from stems of field-grown soybeans (Glycine max L.) exhibiting SSC symptoms. Isolates were collected in three localities of the main soybean-producing region of Argentina: Marcos Juárez, Córdoba (32°66′S, 62°10′W); Salto, Buenos Aires (34°20′S, 60°33′W); and Diego de Alvear, Santa Fe (34°21′S, 62°10′W), and disease incidence in the fields was 10 to 60%, 5 to 15%, and 10 to 20%, respectively. The pathogen was isolated on potato glucose agar acidified with 0.2% lactic acid cultured in the dark at 25 ± 1°C. White colonies with compact and tufted mycelium were produced and turned yellow and light tan after 6 days. Appressed and fluffy mycelia were observed in old cultures. Stromata (2 mm diameter) were produced but pycnidia were not detected. After 20 days in culture at 25 ± 1°C under a 12-h light and 12-h dark regime, clustered perithecia developed on stem segments. For each isolate, 10 perithecia, 90 asci, and 30 bicellular, biguttulate ascospores were measured. Averages of asci length and width were 28.3 ± 2.3 and 5.9 ± 0.7 μm, respectively. Averages of ascospores mean length and width were 8.4 ± 0.6 and 2.5 ± 0.4 μm, respectively. These measures were similar to the measures obtained previously (2). Based on these features, the new isolates were classified as D. phaseolorum var. caulivora (Athow & Caldwell). Clustered perithecia, smaller asci and ascospores, and the development of fluffy mycelia with age were the main characteristics that distinguished D. phaseolorum var. caulivora from D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis (1). Pathogenicity trials were performed on cvs. Tracy M, Crockett, Hutchenson, and RA 702 in the greenhouse by placing a small amount of mycelium in soybean seedling hypocotyls wounds made with a scalpel. The pathogen was reisolated from stem portions of the symptomatic plants. Control plants remained healthy. The results reported here show that D. phaseolorum var. caulivora is widely disseminated in the main soybean-producing region of Argentina, where it coexists with D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis (2). The coexistence of both varieties indicates pathogen variability in the region is higher than previously recognized. References: (1) R. N. Pioli et al. Plant Dis. 83:1071, 1999. (2) R. N. Pioli et al. Plant Dis. 85:95, 2001.

scholarly journals First Report on Pathogenic Variability of Different Isolates of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis on Soybean in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pioli ◽  
E. N. Morandi ◽  
C. O. Gosparini ◽  
A. L. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Major Resistance Genes ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli

The objective of this study was to characterize the pathogenicity of several local isolates of Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. meridionalis Fernández and its anamorph, Phomopsis phaseoli (Desmaz.) Sacc. meridionalis Morgan-Jones, the causal agent of southern stem canker of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), in soybean lines carrying major resistance genes. Soybean plants with typical stem canker symptoms were collected during the 1996 to 1997 and 1997 to 1998 growing seasons in the central and southern areas of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. The pathogen was isolated from the internal tissues of infected stems, cultured on potato glucose agar acidified with 0.2% lactic acid (APGA), amended with streptomycin at 100 mg/liter, and maintained in the dark at 25 ± 1°C. Isolates were characterized based on the morphology of colonies, perithecia, and pycnidia and measurement of asci, bicellular, biguttulate ascospores, and alpha conidia (1). Soybean cultivars used to assay pathogenicity included Tracy M (Rdc1 and Rdc2 genes), Isoline I (Tracy Misoline with only the Rdc1 gene), Isoline II (Tracy M isoline with only the Rdc2 gene), Crockett (Rdc3 gene), Hutchinson (Rdc4 gene), and RA 702 (susceptible cultivar). Hypocotyls of 14-day-old seedlings grown in the greenhouse were inoculated by the toothpick method. Four replicates of nine seedlings each were used. Seedlings punctured with sterile toothpicks served as controls. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. The D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates assayed and their collection locations were Dpm1 (Malabrigo), Dpm2 (Los Molinos), Dpm3 (San Justo), Dpm5 (Oliveros), Dpm6 (San Jerónimo), and Dpm7 (Clarke). Twenty-eight days after inoculation, stem canker reactions were measured as the percentage of dead plants. The pathogen was reisolated from stems of randomly chosen symptomatic plants on day 14 after inoculation. These plants were included in the calculation of the percentage of dead plants. In control plants, lesions were not detected, and mycelial growth did not occur from stem portions plated on APGA. Tracy M and RA 702 had 0 to 7% dead plants and 70 to 95% dead plants, respectively, with all assayed isolates. Cultivars with single resistance genes reacted differently to various isolates. Isolates Dpm1 and Dpm3 caused little or no stem canker (<10% dead plants) on all cultivars with resistance genes. Isolates Dpm2 and Dpm6 killed 56 and 52%, respectively, of Isoline II (Rdc2 gene) plants. Isolates Dpm2 and Dpm7 killed 25% of cv. Hutchinson (Rdc4 gene) and Isoline I (Rdc1 gene) plants, respectively. Isolate Dpm5 killed <12% of plants with genes Rdc1, Rdc2, or Rdc3. The reaction of isolate Dpm5 with Hutchinson (Rdc4 gene) was not evaluated. The pathogenic diversity of these isolates of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis may have been induced by the wide diffusion of resistant host cultivars (2). References: (1) F. A. Fernández and R. T. Hanlin. Mycologia 88:425, 1996. (2) A. W. Zhang et al. Phytopathology 88:1306, 1998.

scholarly journals Current Status of Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Prevalence across Agroecological Zones of Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yedomon Ange Bovys Zoclanclounon ◽  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Aboubacry Kane ◽  
Daniel Fonceka ◽  
Georgina Lala Ehemba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Infected Area

Pearl millet is a dominant staple cereal crop for smallholder farmers in Senegal. However, the crop is constrained by various nonbiotic and biotic stresses such as downy mildew disease. To assess the prevalence of this disease in Senegal, a field survey was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 across eight main pearl millet production regions following latitudinal gradient with different climatic conditions. Results showed that downy mildew prevalence was higher in Kaolack (incidence = 68.19%), Kaffrine (incidence = 77.19%), Tambacounda (incidence = 97.03%), Sedhiou (incidence = 82.78%), and Kolda (incidence = 98.01%) than Thies (incidence = 28.21%), Diourbel (incidence = 24.46%), and Fatick (incidence = 37.75%) regions. The field survey revealed an incidence as high as 98% and 28% of infected area in surveyed fields. Significant correlations between geographic coordinates, disease incidence, and infected areas were also observed. This study provided information that could help to understand the prevalence of downy mildew in pearl millet in Senegal.

scholarly journals First Report of Stem Canker Caused by Alternaria alternata on Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Laidou ◽  
E. K. Koulakiotu ◽  
C. C. Thanassoulopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Boll Rot

A stem blight of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was observed on plants of cv. 132 in the district of Ammoudia near Serres in northern Greece. Symptoms of the disease include cankers on the stem, leaf spots, and boll rots. Affected plants show early defoliation and maturing, as well as total or partial necrosis. Symptoms on stems include dark brown, circular spots that enlarge rapidly. The center of the lesions sink to form a canker. Gradually the spots become elliptical, and the tissues split the stem longitudinally, resulting in the total or partial death of the plant. The fungus isolated from infected stem tissues was identified as typical Alternaria alternata (Nees:Fr.) Keissler, based on morphological characteristics of conidia, which are produced in a loose three-dimensional tuft of branching chains (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating 50 cotton stems with 5-mm disks from 9-day-old cultures on potato dextrose agar at 25°C. Each stem was inoculated with three disks, and plants were placed at room temperature for 10 days for disease development. Inoculated plants exhibited more than 95% disease incidence, and frequency of reisolation was more than 70%. A. alternata is commonly known as a leaf spot, boll rot, and seedling blight pathogen of cotton. The only reported stem blight pathogen of cotton is A. macrospora (1). This is the first report of typical A. alternata as the cause of stem blight on cotton. References: (1) L. Ling and F. Y. Yang. Phytopathology 31:664, 1941. (2) E. G. Simmons. Mycotaxon 48:109, 1993.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Downy Mildew on Sunflower in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Viljoen ◽  
P. S. van Wyk ◽  
D. C. Nowell ◽  
T. J. Gulya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Commercial Field

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni in Sacc., is an economically important disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Europe and the United States (1). The disease was first noticed in South Africa in a commercial field near Standerton and in a seed production field near Kroonstad during the 1993 to 1994 planting season. During the 1995 to 1996 season, downy mildew was found in experimental hybrids near Heilbron, and in commercial fields near Heil-bron, Marikana, and Potchefstroom. At Heilbron, five hybrids were infected with P. halstedii, whereas three others showed symptoms of downy mildew at Potchefstroom and Marikana. All commercially cultivated hybrids have been developed in South Africa. Disease incidence in all the fields was low, with less than 1% of plants affected by the disease. Diseased plants were dwarfed and displayed veinal chlorosis of leaves typically associated with downy mildew of sunflower. White fungal growth commonly occurred on lower leaf surfaces. Sunflower seedlings inoculated with P. halstedii produced symptoms characteristic of downy mildew. The occurrence of the disease in many geographic areas and on various hybrids in South Africa suggests that the fungus is well established. Recent outbreaks can be attributed to the cool, wet, climatic conditions of the 1993 to 1994 and 1995 to 1996 seasons. The susceptibility of local hybrids suggests that downy mildew is a potentially dangerous disease of sunflower in South Africa. Reference: (1) J. F. Miller and T. J. Gulya. Crop Sci. 27:210, 1987.

scholarly journals Prohexadione-calcium on downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot epidemiology, and yield and technological and phenolic parameters of the Merlot vine cultivar in the highland region of southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Reinehr ◽  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Leo Rufato ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Fabio Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Highland Region ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

ABSTRACT: Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) is a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ProCa on the downy mildew (DM) and Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) epidemiology, and the yield and technological and phenolic parameters of grape Merlot cultivar. Experiments were carried out in a commercial vineyard in São Joaquim Municipality/SC, Southern Brazil, during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. ProCa was applied at four doses and three phenological stages: A) 0 g ha−1 (control); B) 1000 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developed); C) 500 + 500 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developeted and full flowering); D) 500 + 500 + 500 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developed, full flowering, and berries pea-sized). DM and BBR incidence and severity were quantified weekly from the first symptom appearance until harvest, and their epidemiology was compared according to: a) the beginning of symptom appearance; b) the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity; c) the maximum value of disease incidence and severity; d) the area under the disease progress curve. In general, there were significant differences in the ProCa doses for all epidemiologic parameters of DM and BBR compared with the control plot; however, there was no significant difference among the ProCa doses. The principal epidemiological variables that differentiated the effect of ProCa on the DM and BBR control were the Smax and AUSDPC. Some yield and technological and phenolic parameters were negatively affected by different doses of ProCa, but it was still a good option for DM and BBR control in highland region of southern Brazil during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons.

scholarly journals Recent Outbreak of Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis) of Soybean in Santa Fe, Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pioli ◽  
S. Gattuso ◽  
D. Prado ◽  
A. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Mycelial Plug ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli ◽  
Beak Length

This disease was first noted in the area in February 1993 (2), when a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) disease survey was conducted in several localities of southern Santa Fe province, the core soybean region of Argentina. At that time, its incidence ranged from 5 to 8% in isolated fields. However, in March 1997, stem canker reached a dramatic 70 to 100% incidence, probably helped by the extensive use of susceptible cultivars, favorable climatic conditions, and inoculum availability from no-till fields. Observed symptoms on stems consisted of V-shaped longitudinal lesions at petiole insertion, with reddish brown margins and discolored centers, where the pycnidia of the anamorph Phomopsis phaseoli (Desmaz.) Sacc. meridionalis Morgan-Jones were found. The lesions coalesced and consequently the main stem and branches died. Foliage symptoms started as yellow blotches, later developing into interveinal chlorosis and necrosis. Perithecia of the teleomorph Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. meridionalis F. A. Fernandez (1) were obtained from infected stems in several crop seasons. Once ripe, the ascospores were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) acidified with lactic acid (0.2%), amended with streptomycin (100 mg/liter), and maintained in darkness at 20 to 25°C. Yellowish white colonies were obtained, later becoming tan and developing perithecia. Perithecia had a beak length of 868 ± 183 μm, neck width of 126.2 ± 17 μm, the asci of 36.7 ± 4.7 μm length and bicellular biguttulate ascospores of 10.2 ± 1 μm length and 3 ± 0.13 μm width. All features match the available descriptions of the pathogen (1). Pathogenicity trials were performed on seedlings of resistant and susceptible cultivars up to second trifoliar leaf stage; these cultivars were classified according to inoculations and field behavior. Plants were wounded with a scalpel in the cotyledonary node and inoculated with a 3-mm-diameter PDA mycelial plug, covered with vaseline. Control seedlings were either not wounded or similarly wounded and covered with vaseline but no PDA plugs were applied. Symptom development was observed within 4 days from inoculation in the top leaf, and in 7 days most seedlings of susceptible cultivars were dead. Resistant cultivars survived and showed only reddish discoloration in wounds. The control seedlings were symptomless and the pathogen was not isolated from them. Conversely, inoculated seedlings with visible symptoms consistently yielded D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis from stem sections at different distances from the inoculation point.When cultured on water agar, alpha conidia from pycnidia and ascospores from the perithecia were obtained. References: (1) F. A. Fernandez and R. T. Hanlin. Mycologia 88:425, 1996. (2) R. N. Pioli et al. Comun. Biol. 11:156, 1993.

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