scholarly journals  Influence of crop management upon the agronomic traits of spelt (Triticum spelta L.)    

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pospisil A Pospisil M Svecnjak Z Matotan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Germinated Seeds

  Investigations were carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb in the growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 with the aim to determine the influence of seeding rate and fungicide treatment upon the yield and yield components of spelt (Triticum spelta L.). The trial included two spelt cultivars: Nirvana and Ostro, three seeding rates: 200, 300, and 400 germinated seeds/m2, and a fungicide treatment (tebuconazole). Cultivar Nirvana produced a significantly higher grain yield in both trial years, higher number of spikelets per spike, higher grain number and mass per spike. Cultivar Ostro had a significantly higher grain crude proteins content, higher 1000 grain weight, and also a higher number of sterile spikelets per spike. No significant effect of seeding rate on grain yield was determined while the fungicide treatment had a significant effect on grain yield only in the warmer year 2008/2009.

Assessing barley (Hordeum vulgare) response to clipping in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
M. K. J. El-Shatnawi ◽  
N. I. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Greenhouse pot trials and field experiments were carried out under rain-fed condition in north-eastern Jordan during 1997–98 and 1998–99 growing seasons, to test 3 barley genotypes for their suitability for both forage and grain production. The varieties Rehani and ACSAD176 produced higher forage yields than Rum. In the field, clipping reduced subsequent grain yield per plant by about 18%, lowering grain weight of the main spike from 2.3�g in the control to 1.8 g in the clipped plants. Clipping increased tiller density of barley plants in the field. Decreases in grain yield following clipping could also be attributed to reductions in the number of grains per spike. Clipping decreased the number of grains per spike by about 9% by reducing the number of spikelets per spike. Cutting reduced 1000-grain weight by about 9%. Clipping induced changes in the relative importance of yield components influencing subsequent grain yield. The yield components reduced by clipping were the most important contributors to loss of grain yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Data from two experiments was analysed in order to determine the effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on the yield of spring wheat. In the first experiment the cultivar Hankkija’s Taava was artificially inoculated with low spore concentration suspensions of S. nodorum. The resulting disease reduced grain yield by 10%, 1000-grain weight by 14%, and hectorlitre weight by 5.7 %. An examination of the ears from the main stems revealed that the pathogen induced a reduction in all yield components but especially in grain number/ear and grain weight. In the second experiment a total of 28 cultivars or lines were studied and the correlation between grain yield/ear and disease severity was found to be negative but low. No consistent trend among the correlations was seen and some susceptible cultivars suffered only slightly from the disease while other fairly resistant cultivars showed great losses. The results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and potential disease tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF TILLERING IN WHEAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GRAIN YIELD 2. CONTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES OF THE MAIN STEM AND PRIMARY TILLERS IN THE NUMBER OF SPIKELET AND GRAIN NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF 1000 GRAINS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood & Al- Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A Factorial experiment were conducted at the experimental  farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad Jadiria the winter Season of 2014-2015. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on Regulation of tillering in wheat and  its relationship with grain yield and it's components. Treatments were distributed in Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design (RCBD) with three replicates and with four seeding  rates (60,80,100 and 120 kg.ha-1) and fertilized with four nitrogen levels (50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha-1). The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and their interaction on the number of spiklet, grain number and 1000 grain weight during the growing season. Main stem produced the highest average of spiklet number 19.23 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 46.82 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 41.739 compared to other primary tillers (tiller1,tiller2,tiller3). Concerning the seeding rate 60 kg.ha-1 resulted in the highest average of spiklet number 16.24 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 32.95 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 27.52 compared to other seed rates. The N level 100 kg.ha-1 gave the highest average of spiklet number 16.49 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 32.95 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 27.52 compared to other N levels. The Main Stem and Primary Tillers contribution Differed in the Number of Spiklet, Grain Number and 1000 grain weight between the factors of study, where the percentage contribution of main stem 31.65, 38.26 and 37.28 % respectively compared to the tillers (tiller1, tiller2, tiller3) which amounted to 27.43, 24.79 and 16.14 % respectively in the spiklets number, 28.00, 23.36 and 10.38 % respectively in grains number and 31.80, 20.37 and 10.56 % respectively in 1000 grain weight. We conclude that the total contribution of the primary tillers percentages in the Number of Spiklet, Grain Number and 1000 grain weight Exceeds the contribution of main stem an increase of 53.69 and 38.03 and 40.56 % respectively within two factors of study.

scholarly journals The effects of tillage and soil mineral fertilization on the yield and yield components of spring barley

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klikocka ◽  
B. Narolski ◽  
G. Michałkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Npk Fertilization

A field experiment with a malting spring barley crop (2007&ndash;2009) was conducted in south-eastern Poland on Cambisols. Conventional (CST) and simplified soil tillage systems (SST) were used in combination with NPK fertilizer enriched with S and Mg. Analysis of the results showed a beneficial effect of CST and NPK fertilization with S and Mg on yield and yield structure. SST and NPK fertilization decreased grain yield by 6.6% and 6.2%. CST increased grain number per ear, grain weight per ear and plant height, while the SST decreased the value of these characteristics by 7.9, 5.7 and 5.3%. Number of ears (standardized regression coefficient b = 0.330), grain number per ear (b = 0.488) and 1000 grain weight (b = 0.360) were found to be significant for predicting grain yield. Significant correlations were found between grain yield and yield components of spring barley. Grain yield per ha was positively correlated with number of ears (r<sub>n</sub> = 72 = 0.330), grain number per ear (r<sub>n</sub> = 72 = 0.488), 1000 grain weight (r<sub>n</sub> = 72 = 0.359), grain weight per ear&nbsp;(r<sub>n</sub> = 72 = 0.528) and plant height (r<sub>n</sub> = 72 = 0.246).

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urea Super Granule as a Source of Nitrogen in Transplant Aman Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Qurashi ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
N Management ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of urea super granule (USG) as a source of nitrogen on the yield and yield components of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan46 and BINA dhan7. Five levels of N (viz., 0, 60, 120 kg ha-1 as prilled urea and 60 and 120 kg ha-1 as USG) were taken as experimental treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 and grain yield varied significantly due to different cultivars. All the yield and yield components except 1000-grain weight were influenced significantly by the levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest grain yield (4.82 t ha-1) was recorded in BINA dhan7 and the lowest one (4.30 t ha-1) was recorded in BRRI dhan39. Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 as USG performed the best among the treatments in respect of yield and yield components of rice. The highest grain yield (5.46t ha-1) was obtained from BINA dhan7 with 120 kg N ha-1 as USG which was statistically identical with 60 kg N ha-1 as USG. A considerable amount (31.25%) of prilled urea (PU) nitrogen could be saved by using USG. It may be concluded that USG could be used as N management to achieve better nitrogen use efficiency in reducing N loss than the PU.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19095 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 29 - 37, 2013

scholarly journals Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cogliatti ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
H. Dalla Valle ◽  
W J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis ◽  
Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

scholarly journals Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Several Yield Components Among Adapted Rice Cultivars in West Sumatra

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslim Rasyad ◽  
Azwir Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Interaction Variance

Genotype by environment (GE) interaction and genotype stability of a trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are very important for plant breeders in making decision regarding the development and evaluation of new cultivars as well as for farmers in selecting suitable cultivars to be planted for commercial purpose. Yield components including panicles number plant–1, number of grains panicle–1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of five locally adapted cultivars of rice were evaluated at three locations in West Sumatera. The data were used to determine GE interaction variance components and stability of the traits. There were significant effects of locations on yield and some yield components except number of panicles plant–1. The cultivars differed significantly in all yield components but not in grain yield. The influence of GE interaction was highly significant on all yield components and grain yield. The magnitude of GE interaction variance component was greater than that of location for all traits. These data suggested that genotypes performed differently among the locations and were not stable with respect to the locations, so that farmers should select a suitable cultivar to be grown in the area of production.

scholarly journals Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
M. Sabo ◽  
M. Bede ◽  
Ž.U. Hardi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Grain Yield Components

Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (e.g. Lara, Lenta, Kruna, Fiesta, Perla, and one line of AG-45) was examined. The analysis of grain yield components of these genotypes and the line was undertaken in a&nbsp;two-year research (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) at two different locations. Significant differences among genotypes, locations and research years were established. In the first experimental year (1997/1998) there was a&nbsp;high positive correlation between nearly all components of the grain yield. The most significant correlation was found between the grain number per spike and grain yield. In the second experimental year (1998/1999) the components did not show statistically significant correlation with the grain yield. It seems that the grain yield of examined genotypes depended significantly on the grain number per spike, grain mass per spike, and agroecological conditions during the vegetation period, whereby the potential yield was determined by the interaction among genotypes, location and production year. The biggest differences among examined genotypes of winter wheat were found in the stem height and spike length.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

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