scholarly journals Response of sweet cherry buds and twigs to temperature changes – evaluated by the determination of the degradation and synthesis of sucrose

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Klaus-Peter Götz ◽  
Frank-M. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Tree Physiology ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Metabolite Level ◽  
Temperature Changes

This study was undertaken to determine the degradation and synthesis of sucrose (Suc) in sweet cherry buds and the twig tissue response to a sequence of environmental temperature changes (cold (orchard) – warm (controlled temperature of ∼22 °C) – cold (orchard)). The results of two years’ (2016, 2017) findings were compared with the buds of trees and the buds of twigs in November/December in northeast Germany. The Suc content in the buds of trees and the buds of twigs under natural conditions was stable. Temperatures of ∼22 °C resulted in a significant (Suc) degradation (62%, from 39 to 15 mg/g DW) in the buds of twigs after 21 days (day of the year (DOY) 340). The significant re-synthesis (66%, to 25 mg/g DW after 21 days, DOY 361) in the orchard is noteworthy, and highlights the Suc value as a cryoprotective saccharide. The marked changes in the Suc, glucose, and fructose contents of the twigs exposed to a cold-warm-cold sequence (< DOY 319, DOY 319–340, DOY 340–361), lead to the conclusion that this adaptation is the result of tissue- and cold-specific sucrose invertases/synthases. The effect of low-temperature-active enzymes explains the role of Suc in the buds of trees during the winter rest. When using twigs for plant physiological examinations during the winter rest, results on a metabolite level should be considered when drawing conclusions concerning the overall tree physiology.

scholarly journals Determination Role of Trichinella larvae at Early Stages of Development in Spread of Trichinellosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
F.K. Skvortsova ◽  
A.V. Uspensky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
White Rats

The purpose of the research is the determination of resistance to low temperatures of invasioned nonencapsulated Trichinella spiralis and T. nativа Trichinella larvae in muscular tissue of animals as well as detection of opportunity to develop or keeping these larvae in muscular tissue under different positive temperature conditions. Materials and methods. The material for study and comparison were samples of muscular tissue of white rats experimentally infected by T. spiralis and T. nativа. In total 20 outbred white rats with body weight of 100-150 g were infected in a dose of 10 l/g. Animals were slaughtered in 15th, 16th, 17th, 24th and 30th day after infection. For comparative diagnostics and confidence of experiments only forced meat from hind legs of rats with body weight of 50 g per 1 l of simulated gastric fluid have been taken for peptolysis. The quantity of separated larvae and their morphology have been taking into account during microscopic examination after completion of operation period. Microscope ZEISS Primo Star. was used for microphotographing. Photomicrography of Trichinella separated after digestion on early terms (16-24 days) were made for detailing changes in the morphology of the evaluative larvae. Results and discussion. It hasbeen established that Trichinella larvae of this spice at theageof 17-18 days are nonsustained to low-temperature exploration and died within 24 hours at a temperature -7°С. Infective larvae nonencapsulated or with ill-defined capsule at the age of 24 and 30 days are nonsustained to low-temperature exploration and mainly died at -7-15°С within 24 hours. Nonencapsulated T. spiralis и T. nativа larvae aged 15, 16, and 17 days at positive temperature do not go on morphologically in muscular tissue of murdered animal but they can keep viability, and probably invasiveness in the process of decomposition during some period of time needed to rotation of host and as a result they can be the source of invasion.

Role of environmental temperature and photoperiod in regulation of seasonal testicular activity in the frog, Rana perezi

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Delgado ◽  
A. L. Alonso-Gómez ◽  
M. Alonso-Bedate
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Maturation Phase ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Rana Perezi

To analyze the role of environmental temperature and photoperiod in the regulation of the annual testicular cycle in Rana perezi, we performed experiments combining high (25 ± 1 °C) or low (6 ± 1 °C) temperature and different photoperiod regimens (18L:6D, 12L:12D, and 6L:18D (hours light: hours dark)) during three phases of the reproductive cycle: winter stage (December) and prebreeding (February) and postbreeding (May, June) periods. Low temperature and short photoperiod in winter induced the arrest of the maturation phase of spermatogenesis and the activation of primary spermatogonia proliferation and spermiohistogenesis. Rana perezi testis responded to long days stimulus in winter, even at low temperature, with induction of the maturation phase of the cycle. Exposure of male frogs to either high temperature or long photoperiod induced a decrease in testosterone levels in winter. During the prebreeding period, an increase in environmental temperature caused a reduction in testosterone, and a lengthening in photoperiod produced the opposite effect. Photoperiod had no effect on testosterone levels during the postbreeding period, but low temperature increased testosterone plasma levels. These results suggest that both temperature and photoperiod effects can vary seasonally, depending on the phase of the annual reproductive cycle in R. perezi.Key words: environmental factors, spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, Amphibia.

Determination of the low-temperature structure of hexamethylbenzene

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
First Order ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction Data ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

The low-temperature structure of hexamethylbenzene has been determined from neutron powder diffraction data and found to differ from the room-temperature phase predominantly by a translation of molecular planes to a form a cubic close-packed type structure. By performing measurements as a function of temperature, the role of thermally induced agitation of the molecular units in the first-order phase transition is clearly demonstrated.

scholarly journals Blood Glukose Response of Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gaouramy, Lac.) to the Stress of Environmental Temperature Changes

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hastuti ◽  
Eddy Supriyono ◽  
Ing Mokoginta ◽  
. Subandiyono
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Post Stress

<p>This experiment was conducted to investigate blood glucose performance of giant gouramy <em>(Osphronemus gouramy, </em>Lac.) to environmental changes. Fish with body weight of about 52,15 g was used in the experiment. A hundred and twenty fish were subjected to stress by moving them to another aquarium containing cooler water for 5 minute before put them back to the origin aquarium. The stress treatments were Δ 0°C (A), Δ-3°C (B), Δ-6°C(C), and Δ-9°C(D). Blood glucose was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours post stress, each for 5 fish. During stress treatment, the survival offish were recorded. To study the role of insulin activation on reducing the stress effects, thirty fish were injected with insulin 2 IU/100 g body weight before subjected them to stressar. Blood glucose level of fish subjected to temperature stress of Δ-9°C was the greatest. The blood glucose response to temperature changes was linear, Y = 4,4543 X + 35,553 with R2 = 0,09976. The survival rate of fish was 100% for all treatments. Injected of insulin 2 IU/100 g body weight was able to reduce hyperglycemia that caused by stress.</p> <p>Key words: Blood glucose, giant gouramy, <em>Osphronemus gouramy, </em>stress</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui performa glukosa darah ikan gurami <em>(Osphronemus gouramy, </em>Lac.) dalam merespon perubahan suhu lingkungan. Ikan berbobot rata-rata 52,15 g sebanyak 120 ekor diberi stres dengan cara diangkat dan dipindahkan ke suatu wadah yang bersuhu lebih dingin selama 5 menit dan dikembalikan lagi ke wadah mula-mula. Perlakuan stres perubahan suhu dingin tersebut adalah A (Δ 0°C), B (Δ- 3°C), C (Δ-6°C) dan D (Δ-9°C). Glukosa darah diukur dari 5 ekor ikan pada jam ke 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 jam pascastres. Kelangsungan hidup dihitung pada saat perlakuan stres. Untuk melihat peran aktivasi insulin dalam menekan efek stres, ikan sebanyak 30 ekor diinjeksi insulin 2 iu/100 g bobot badan sebelum diberi stres. Kadar glukosa darah ikan gurame yang diberi stres perubahan suhu dingin sebesar Δ-9°C mengalami peningkatan paling besar. Respon glukosa darah terhadap stres perubahan suhu tersebut berpola linier Y= 4,4543 X + 35,553, dengan R2 = 0,9976. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup yang sama yaitu 100%. Injeksi insulin 2 IU/100 g bobot badan mampu menekan hiperglisemia akibat stres.</p> Kata kunci: Glukosa darah, ikan gurami, <em>Osphronemus gouramy, </em>stres

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ В СУЧАСНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Анжеліка Шамне
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Self Motion

У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до інтерпретації категорії розвитку, розкрито теоретичні  та методологічні підходи до вивчення категорії розвитку у сучасній психології, визначено її психологічний  зміст,   моделі,   структуру   та   динаміку.   Категорія   розвитку   розглядається   як   епіцентр   наукової  проблематики у психології та як поняття інтегративного типу. Розвиток проаналізовано як категорію,  явище і проблему психології розвитку в різних аспектах аналізу. Розглянуто місце розвитку в системі  споріднених психологічних понять. У статті також аналізуються психологічні аспекти теоретичних та  методологічних  постнекласичних  тенденцій  вивчення  природи,  характеру  та  визначення  психічного  розвитку. Постнекласична парадигма та плюралістична методологія пізнання визначають розмитість  дисциплінарної мови  та  врахування  ролі  соціокультурного  контексту  при  вивченні  психологічних явищ.  Важливими тенденціями сучасного теоретико-методологічного стану психологічних досліджень розвитку  також є визнання неефективності моністичного підходу до його вивчення, взаємозв'язок теоретичних ідей  та   спроби   створення   метатеоретичних   схем,   постнекласичне   розуміння   розвитку   як   принципово  незавершеного   процесу   саморуху,   актуалізація   антропологічного   діапазону   проблем   та   посилення  спрямованості на роль культурного контексту в дослідженні розвитку людини.  The article deals with the modern approaches to the interpretation of the category of development, reveals  the theoretical and methodological approaches to study of development in modern psychology, its psychological  content, patterns, structure and dynamics. Category of development is viewed as an epicenter of scientific issues in  modern  psychology  and  the  concept  of  the  integrative  type.  Category  of  development  is  considered  as  the  phenomenon  and  the  problem  of  developmental  psychology  in  various  aspects  of  the  analysis.  Analyzed  the  development site in the related psychological concepts. The article analyzes the psychological aspects of theoretical  and methodological postnonclassical contemporary trends in the study of nature, character, and determination of  mental  development.  Postnonclassical  paradigm  and  pluralistic  methodology  of  knowledge  determine  the  disciplinary blurring and increase of the role of the analysis of socio-cultural context in the study of psychological  phenomenon. The important tendencies of modern theoretical and methodological state of psychological researches  of development are facts of inefficiency of the monistic approach to its study, interconnection of theoretical ideas  and   attempts   of  creating   metatheoretical   schemes,   postnonclassical   understanding   of   development   as   a  fundamentally  uncompleted  process  of  self-motion,  actualization  of  anthropological  range  of  problems  and  strengthening of focus on the role of cultural context in research of human development.   

Role of the family focused technologies in the clinical course of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Individual Preparation

The objective: to show a role of the family focused technologies in depression of frequency of pathology of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk. Patients and methods. For determination of efficiency of prophylaxis of pathology of pregnancy on the basis of use of the family focused technologies complex clinical-psychological and laboratory and tool examination of 300 women with factors of obstetric risk which were divided into two groups was conducted. In the main group – 182 women with motivation on partner labors to which provided training on system of individual preparation of married couple to labors. The comparison group consisted of 118 women who were not in prenatal training and had individual support in childbirth, with the traditional approach to pain management. Results. Use of the family focused technologies during pregnancy allows to reduce significantly the frequency of the main complications of pregnancy, especially not incubation and premature births. Conclusion. In our opinion, the technique is simple, available and can widely be used in practical health care at women with high obstetric risk. Key words: obstetric risk, the family focused technologies, prophylaxis.

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