ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ В СУЧАСНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Анжеліка Шамне
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Self Motion

У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до інтерпретації категорії розвитку, розкрито теоретичні  та методологічні підходи до вивчення категорії розвитку у сучасній психології, визначено її психологічний  зміст,   моделі,   структуру   та   динаміку.   Категорія   розвитку   розглядається   як   епіцентр   наукової  проблематики у психології та як поняття інтегративного типу. Розвиток проаналізовано як категорію,  явище і проблему психології розвитку в різних аспектах аналізу. Розглянуто місце розвитку в системі  споріднених психологічних понять. У статті також аналізуються психологічні аспекти теоретичних та  методологічних  постнекласичних  тенденцій  вивчення  природи,  характеру  та  визначення  психічного  розвитку. Постнекласична парадигма та плюралістична методологія пізнання визначають розмитість  дисциплінарної мови  та  врахування  ролі  соціокультурного  контексту  при  вивченні  психологічних явищ.  Важливими тенденціями сучасного теоретико-методологічного стану психологічних досліджень розвитку  також є визнання неефективності моністичного підходу до його вивчення, взаємозв'язок теоретичних ідей  та   спроби   створення   метатеоретичних   схем,   постнекласичне   розуміння   розвитку   як   принципово  незавершеного   процесу   саморуху,   актуалізація   антропологічного   діапазону   проблем   та   посилення  спрямованості на роль культурного контексту в дослідженні розвитку людини.  The article deals with the modern approaches to the interpretation of the category of development, reveals  the theoretical and methodological approaches to study of development in modern psychology, its psychological  content, patterns, structure and dynamics. Category of development is viewed as an epicenter of scientific issues in  modern  psychology  and  the  concept  of  the  integrative  type.  Category  of  development  is  considered  as  the  phenomenon  and  the  problem  of  developmental  psychology  in  various  aspects  of  the  analysis.  Analyzed  the  development site in the related psychological concepts. The article analyzes the psychological aspects of theoretical  and methodological postnonclassical contemporary trends in the study of nature, character, and determination of  mental  development.  Postnonclassical  paradigm  and  pluralistic  methodology  of  knowledge  determine  the  disciplinary blurring and increase of the role of the analysis of socio-cultural context in the study of psychological  phenomenon. The important tendencies of modern theoretical and methodological state of psychological researches  of development are facts of inefficiency of the monistic approach to its study, interconnection of theoretical ideas  and   attempts   of  creating   metatheoretical   schemes,   postnonclassical   understanding   of   development   as   a  fundamentally  uncompleted  process  of  self-motion,  actualization  of  anthropological  range  of  problems  and  strengthening of focus on the role of cultural context in research of human development.   

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to determination of alcohol-related mortality in Russia and abroad

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Gorgonyevich Solovyev ◽  
A M Vyazmin ◽  
E. A. Mordovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Related Mortality

The main methodological approaches to determination of alchol-related mortality (ARM), or alcohol-attributable mortality in Russia and abroad are revewed in the article. The characteristics of ARM as a phenomenon with complex internal structure have been done. The all alone conception of ARM as well as a number of its components are absent at the present time. The main methodological problems of identification of ARM in Russia and abroad are analyzed. The role of alcohol drinking pattern and dangerous influence of ethanol on human health are determined but only partially. The differences in determination of ARM in Russia and abroad have been revealed. The epidemiological approaches for determination of ARM without official statistics have got a number of objective reasons, e.g. first of all nonpossibility to determine all cases of mortality from alcohol-releted states registered by national services of statistics and low significance of primary medical documentation.

Elaborating on the Conceptual Underpinnings of Resilience

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando X. Estrada ◽  
Jamie B. Severt ◽  
Miliani Jiménez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Theory Research

The termresiliencehas grown in popularity among the general public and within the scientific community. Unfortunately, the rise in popularity has advanced neither our theoretical understanding of this construct nor the methodological approaches to study this topic. Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) highlighted important conceptual, methodological, and practical advances and shortcomings within the literature on employee resilience. However, critical conceptual issues remain unaddressed within the focal article. Specifically, in our commentary, we differentiate between resiliency and resilience, identify key dimensions of each construct, and explicate the role of adversity and context to further advance our theoretical understanding of this construct. We conclude by discussing the implications of our proposed conceptualization and refinement of resilience for theory, research, and practice.

scholarly journals “Artificial sociality”: with regard to the discussions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Alekhina
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Behavior Description ◽  
New Research

Growing importance of modern technologies, artificial intelligence and Internet network have a significant impact on modern social practices. As a result of all those changes, emerging artificial sociality attracts growing attention both in foreign and Russian sociology. Actor-network theory, in which an idea of modern world hybridity has been formulated, is one of the possible theoretical and methodological approaches to study artificial sociality. The article covers modern discussions surrounding the «artificial sociality» concept, as well as empirical aspects of this phenomenon research. The article offers a review of some new methodological approaches which are exploited by foreign sociologists in the context of rapidly growing digitalization, but are not currently used in Russian sociology. That is research of activity of social networks users and, in particular, visual cross-platform analysis; study of human behavior with the help of mobile devices and, in particular, study of mobile apps users’ behavior. Description of these methodological approaches represents scientific novelty of this article. Development of new research methods demonstrates the tendency of sociology development towards increasingly pronounced role of multidisciplinary research and increasingly close collaboration with modern computer technologies.

scholarly journals Džon Broadus Votson (1878-1958) and 'Little Albert': Love as a conditioned emotional reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-48
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Vasić
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Case Study Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychology Of Learning

A century has passed since the publication of a case study report on the subject of affective conditioning known as "The Little Albert Experiment" (Votson & Rejner, 1920). This study has proven to be of great importance to further development of behaviorism and to the development of modern psychology as a whole, becoming an indispensable part of psychology coursebooks, such as Psychology 101, Developmental Psychology, Psychology of Learning and History of Psychology. The study is closely linked to several turning points in the personal life and professional career of Džon B. Votson (1878 - 1958), the most important representative of an authentically American school of thought called behaviorism. This paper will present these crucial moments both in Votson's life and in the development of modern psychology together with several fundamental themes in the history and historiography of psychology. Firstly, we lay out the contemporary socio-cultural context in the United States and outline the major trends in the development of psychology at the turn of the 20th century. A biographical sketch of J. B. Votson follows, together with the description of tenets of original behaviorism as it was presented and developed in Votson's writings. "The Little Albert Experiment" is presented in detail, as well as the search for "Little Albert"'s identity and his fate as the sole subject of this experiment. Finally, we relate the fates of J. B. Votson and his family, and conclude by giving a brief account of the legacy and influence of behaviorism on contemporary scientific psychology.

scholarly journals On the Role of Double Layers in Astrophysical Plasmas

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Robert A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Global Circuit ◽  
Kinetic Boundary

Limitations of current knowledge of plasma double layers create difficulties in extrapolating double-layer concepts for application to astrophysical models. Some problems of this sort are described, and some central issues in structure and dynamics of double layers are identified, which must be addressed in astrophysical contexts. These include the determination of kinetic boundary conditions, and the relations of time and length scales of local dynamics and structure to those of the global circuit in which the double layer is contained.

scholarly journals Control of residual amounts of copper-containing pesticides in plant products

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
N. E. Fedorova ◽  
M. V. Egorova ◽  
A. S. Rodionov ◽  
M. S. Grechina
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Atomic Absorption Determination ◽  
Absorption Determination ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Determination Of Copper ◽  
Active Substances

Relevance and methods. Methodological approaches to assessing the residual amounts of copper-containing pesticides in plant products against the background of natural copper content are presented. The conditions for obtaining reliable results when conducting a hygienic assessment of the content of residual amounts of the active substance are determined. The developed scheme for determining the residual amounts of copper-containing pesticides includes the homogenization of the analyzed material by shredding with dry ice and microwave mineralization of samples with subsequent flameless atomic absorption determination of copper.Results. Data on the levels of natural copper content in samples of potatoes, onions, cucumbers, tomatoes and grapes of various varieties and growing areas are presented. The possibility of applying the developed approaches to study the dynamics of accumulation of active substances during the growing season is shown.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

Modality and folk psychology

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Ja. O. Petik
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Philosophy Of Logic ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Formal Systems ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Important Direction

The connection of the modern psychology and formal systems remains an important direction of research. This paper is centered on philosophical problems surrounding relations between mental and logic. Main attention is given to philosophy of logic but certain ideas are introduced that can be incorporated into the practical philosophical logic. The definition and properties of basic modal logic and descending ones which are used in study of mental activity are in view. The defining role of philosophical interpretation of modality for the particular formal system used for research in the field of psychological states of agents is postulated. Different semantics of modal logic are studied. The hypothesis about the connection of research in cognitive psychology (semantics of brain activity) and formal systems connected to research of psychological states is stated.

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