Brewing trials with spring and winter barley varieties

The effects of a set of barley varieties on the brewing process and quality of beer production intermediaries were studied in trial brews (40 l) prepared using the two-mash decoction process. The varieties included in the trial were selected based on the starch granule size distribution determined previously. A significant effect of the varieties on the saccharification time of both mashes was determined. The highest saccharification rate in brews was achieved with the variety Jersey; the saccharification time of the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> mash with the variety Tiffany was markedly longer. The varieties with a greater fraction of large starch granules (Tiffany and Luxor) exhibited a higher haze with sweet wort as well as hopped wort compared to the varieties with a low fraction of large starch granules (Jersey and Tolar). The effect on the lautering time was not demonstrated. Pronounced varietal differences were determined in the extract balance of the brewing process. The varieties Tiffany andLuxor exhibited significantly lower extract yields. The malts from these varieties had lower laboratory extracts and higher extract losses in spent grains. The effect of the variety on the sacharide composition in hopped wort was confirmed. The proportion of fermentable saccharides in hopped wort extract rose from the variety Tiffany (66.9%) to the varietyJersey (83.6%). A significant difference in the final attenuation was also determined (76% in beers prepared from the varieties Tiffany andLuxor compared to 81.5% from theJersey variety).  

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A carbohydrate-binding protein, B-GRANULE CONTENT 1, influences starch granule size distribution in a dose-dependent manner in polyploid wheat

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erz405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 105-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tansy Chia ◽

Marcella Chirico ◽

Rob King ◽

Ricardo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽

Benedetta Saccomanno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Starch Granule ◽

Starch Synthesis ◽

Granule Size ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Grain Development ◽

Polyploid Wheat ◽

Gene Dose ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

B Granules

Abstract In Triticeae endosperm (e.g. wheat and barley), starch granules have a bimodal size distribution (with A- and B-type granules) whereas in other grasses the endosperm contains starch granules with a unimodal size distribution. Here, we identify the gene, BGC1 (B-GRANULE CONTENT 1), responsible for B-type starch granule content in Aegilops and wheat. Orthologues of this gene are known to influence starch synthesis in diploids such as rice, Arabidopsis, and barley. However, using polyploid Triticeae species, we uncovered a more complex biological role for BGC1 in starch granule initiation: BGC1 represses the initiation of A-granules in early grain development but promotes the initiation of B-granules in mid grain development. We provide evidence that the influence of BGC1 on starch synthesis is dose dependent and show that three very different starch phenotypes are conditioned by the gene dose of BGC1 in polyploid wheat: normal bimodal starch granule morphology; A-granules with few or no B-granules; or polymorphous starch with few normal A- or B-granules. We conclude from this work that BGC1 participates in controlling B-type starch granule initiation in Triticeae endosperm and that its precise effect on granule size and number varies with gene dose and stage of development.

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Starch granule size distribution in wheat grain in relation to phosphorus fertilization

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859611000475 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 150 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Y. NI ◽

Z. WANG ◽

Y. YIN ◽

W. LI ◽

S. YAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Starch Granule ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Granule Size ◽

High Yield ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

Starch Granules ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Volume Proportion

SUMMARYStarch granule size distribution of wheat is an important characteristic that can affect its chemical composition and functionality. Phosphorus (P) fertilization has been studied extensively; however, little is known about its impact on starch granule size distribution in wheat. In the present study, two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were grown under different P fertilization conditions to evaluate its effect on starch granule size distribution and starch components in wheat grains at maturity. P fertilization resulted in a significant increase in the proportions (both by volume and by surface area) of B-type (<9·9 μm equivalent diameter (e.d.)) starch granules, with a reduction in those of A-type (>9·9 μm e.d.) starch granules. The P fertilization also increased starch content, amylose content and amylopectin content at maturity. However, P fertilization conditions significantly reduced the ratio of amylose to amylopectin, which showed a significant positive relationship with the volume proportion of granules 22·8–42·8 μm e.d. but was negatively related to the volume proportion of granules 2·8–9·9 μm e.d.

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Starch granule size distribution from twelve wheat cultivars in east China’s Huaibei region

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2015-0048 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 176-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wenyang Li ◽

Suhui Yan ◽

Xiaqing Shi ◽

Congyu Zhang ◽

Qingqin Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Starch Granule ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Granule Size ◽

Volume Distribution ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Volume Percentage ◽

Area Distribution ◽

Two Populations

The granule size distribution of starch strongly influences its physicochemical properties and the functionality of wheat. Twelve wheat cultivars grown in east China’s Huanghuai region were used for investigating the granule size distribution, amylose content, and their interrelationship. The results showed that the volume distribution of starch granules show the typical bimodal with peak values in the ranges of 4.44–5.36 µm and 21.7–23.82 µm, respectively. Surface area distribution of granules was also bimodal with peak values in the ranges of 2.53–3.06 µm and 19.8–21.7 µm, respectively. The limits between the two populations both occurred at 10 µm. A typical population of number distribution of granules with peak values in the range of 0.52–0.67 µm. Proportions of granules <2.6 µm, 2.6–10 µm, and 10–40 µm were in the range of 10.06–13.63%, 28.54–41.6%, and 45.4–61.3% of total volume, respectively. Proportions of granules <10 µm were in the range of 99.9% of the total number. The amylose content was significant and negatively correlated to volume percentage of granule <10 µm, and significant and positively correlated to the volume percentage of granule 22–40 µm.

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Puroindoline genotype, starch granule size distribution and milling quality of wheat

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2010.05.015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 314-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M.A. Edwards ◽

B.G. Osborne ◽

R.J. Henry

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Starch Granule ◽

Granule Size ◽

Milling Quality

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Starch granule size distribution in wheat grain in relation to shading after anthesis

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859609990554 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 148 (2) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

W. LI ◽

S. YAN ◽

Y. YIN ◽

Z. WANG

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Starch Granule ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Granule Size ◽

Wheat Starch ◽

High Yield ◽

Starch Accumulation ◽

Starch Granules

SUMMARYGranule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that may affect the functionality of wheat products. Light intensity is one of the main factors affecting grain yield and quality. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were grown under shade to evaluate the effect of low light intensity after anthesis on starch granule size distribution and starch components in wheat grains at maturity. Shading caused a marked drop in both grain yield and starch yield and led to a significant reduction in the proportion (both by volume and by surface area) of B-type starch granules (⩽9·9 μm), with an increase in those of A-type starch granules (>9·9 μm). This would suggest that the production of B-type starch granules was more sensitive to shading than that of A-type starch granules. It was also found that the proportion by volume of A-type starch granules was significantly increased and that of B-type starch granules was significantly decreased by shading at different grain filling stages, especially at middle and late grain-filling stages. However, shading had little effect on the proportional number of B-type starch granules. The present results suggested that, under dim light conditions, the limited substrate for starch accumulation was mainly partitioned towards hypertrophy (larger granules) not hyperplasia (more) of starch granules.

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