Effects of 29-year long-term fertilizer management on soil phosphorus in double-crop rice system

Rational soil phosphorus (P) management is significant to crop production and environment protection. Little information is available on soil Olsen-P balance and critical values in double-crop rice in China. The main aim of the study was to relate soil Olsen-P to apparent P balance and to determine Olsen-P critical value for early and late rice using data from a 29-year study (1984~2012) at the Jiangxi province. The results showed that Olsen-P decreased by 0.12~0.26 mg/kg/year without P addition and increased by 0.56~2.52 mg/kg/year with P fertilization. Olsen-P decreased by 0.30 mg/kg for CK and NK under an average deficit of 100 kg P/ha, and increased by an average of 9.10 mg/kg in treatments with organic manures and were 4.55 times higher than chemical fertilizers with 100 kg/ha of P surplus. The critical values for early and late rice were 22.70 and 22.67 mg/kg, respectively. The average Olsen-P content is 90.89 mg/kg after 29-year application of chemical fertilizer and manures. Therefore, decreasing the amount of total P input and increasing the compost portion should be recommended to improve food production and protect environment in red paddy soils in south China.

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Determining critical values of soil Olsen-P for maize and winter wheat from long-term experiments in China

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-009-9919-y ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 323 (1-2) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Xu Tang ◽

Yibing Ma ◽

Xiying Hao ◽

Xiuying Li ◽

Jumei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Critical Values ◽

Olsen P ◽

Long Term Experiments

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Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr19203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Musibau O. Azeez ◽

Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽

Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽

Bent T. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Rock Phosphate ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Available P ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

Extractable P ◽

P Application ◽

Plant Available P ◽

Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for >100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for >100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

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Soil phosphorus sorption properties in different fertilization systems

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/696/2018-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 78-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewa Szara ◽

Tomasz Sosulski ◽

Magdalena Szymańska

Keyword(s):

Binding Energy ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Sorption Properties ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

Sorption Coefficient ◽

P Sorption ◽

P Content ◽

Sorption Parameters ◽

Total P

The study aimed at the evaluation of the accumulation and vertical distribution of different forms of phosphorus (P) in reference to phosphorus sorption properties subject to mineral (NPK), mineral-organic (NPK + M), and organic (M) fertilisation. It was carried out in a long-term experimental field in Skierniewice (Central Poland) conducted since 1923 under rye monoculture. Total P content in the M and NPK soil profile was similar and lower than in the NPK + M soil. The content of organic P in Ap and Eet horizons of both manured soils was similar and higher than in the NPK soil. The Langmuir P sorption maximum (Smax) in the studied soils ranged from 39.7 to 90 mg P/kg, while the Freundlich P sorption coefficient aF ranged from 6.9 to 41.9 mg P/kg. Higher variability of parameters related to the binding energy from the Lanqmuir (k) and Freundlich (aF) equations was determined between soil horizons than between the fertilisation systems. Nonetheless, in M and NPK + M soils, sorption parameters aF and Smax and binding energy (k, bF) were considerably lower than in the NPK soil. The content of water extracted P in manured soils was higher than in the NPK soil.

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Changes in soil phosphorus availability and potential phosphorus loss following cessation of phosphorus fertiliser inputs

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr13168 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 427 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. J. Dodd ◽

R. W. McDowell ◽

L. M. Condron

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

P Loss ◽

P Concentration ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

P Retention

Long-term application of phosphorus (P) fertilisers to agricultural soils can lead to in the accumulation of P in soil. Determining the rate of decline in soil P following the cessation of P fertiliser inputs is critical to evaluating the potential for reducing P loss to surface waters. The aim of this study was to use isotope exchange kinetics to investigate the rate of decline in soil P pools and the distribution of P within these pools in grazed grassland soils following a halt to P fertiliser application. Soils were sourced from three long-term grassland trials in New Zealand, two of which were managed as sheep-grazed pasture and one where the grass was regularly cut and removed. There was no significant change in total soil P over the duration of each trial between any of the treatments, although there was a significant decrease in total inorganic P on two of the sites accompanied by an increase in the organic P pool, suggesting that over time P was becoming occluded within organic matter, reducing the plant availability. An equation was generated using the soil-P concentration exchangeable within 1 min (E1 min) and P retention of the soil to predict the time it would take for the water-extractable P (WEP) concentration to decline to a target value protective of water quality. This was compared with a similar equation generated in the previous study, which used the initial Olsen-P concentration and P retention as a predictor. The use of E1 min in place of Olsen-P did not greatly improve the fit of the model, and we suggest that the use of Olsen-P is sufficient to predict the rate of decline in WEP. Conversely, pasture production data, available for one of the trial sites, suggest that E1 min may be a better predictor of dry matter yield than Olsen-P.

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Phosphorus budget and organic phosphorus fractions in response to long-term applications of chemical fertilisers and pig manure in a Mollisol

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr10169 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 253 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chun Song ◽

Xiaozeng Han ◽

Enli Wang

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Pig Manure ◽

P Availability ◽

Soil P ◽

P Balance ◽

Fertiliser Application ◽

Chemical Fertiliser

This paper describes the effects of chemical fertiliser and pig manure application on the phosphorus (P) balance and changes of soil organic P (Po) fractions in a Mollisol following 14 years of maize–soybean–wheat rotation in Northeast China. The experiment was designed according to the local crop rotation and management system, consisting of a control treatment with no fertiliser application, a treatment with chemical nitrogen (N) and P fertilisers, and a treatment with chemical N and P fertilisers plus pig manure. The results suggest that the levels of local chemical fertiliser applications seem to balance the P removal by the crops, while the additional P in the pig manure resulted in substantial accumulation of P in the soil despite greater crop production. Analysis of Po fractions showed that long-term cultivation without fertilisation reduced the soil labile Po. Additions of P through application of chemical fertilisers only preserved the labile Po content, whereas addition of chemical P fertiliser plus pig manure increased the labile Po content. Comparison between 1993 and 2007 soil samples indicates that the moderately labile Po content declined in all treatments, whereas the non-labile Po content increased. These results suggest that the moderately labile Po may be transformed into labile Po and Pi, and that some active P fractions were immobilised during long-term cultivation. Adding fertiliser increased P availability and alleviated soil P immobilisation.

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Soil phosphorus and relationship to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/709/2017-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 214-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sun Benhua ◽

Cui Quanhong ◽

Guo Yun ◽

Yang Xueyun ◽

Zhang Shulan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil P ◽

Olsen P ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

P Balance ◽

Activation Coefficient ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Temporal changes in the concentrations of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil (Olsen-P), total soil-P and P activation coefficient (the ratio of Olsen-P to residual-P (i.e. an approximation to total-P)) were measured in plots that received consistent inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus organic fertilizers annually. Maize and winter wheat crops were grown in rotation for 24 years. Olsen-P and P activation coefficient declined significantly in the earlier years (< 12 years) for treatments that did not include any P fertilizer, and increased over the same period for the P-fertilized treatments. The rates of change in the Olsen-P and P activation coefficient values were positively related to P balance. In the later years, the Olsen-P and P activation coefficient plateau values were positively related to the P balance.

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Phosphorus Status, Inorganic Phosphorus Forms, and Other Physicochemical Properties of Acid Soils of Farta District, Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2015/748390 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Asmare Melese ◽

Heluf Gebrekidan ◽

Markku Yli-Halla ◽

Birru Yitaferu

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Olsen P ◽

Degree Of P Saturation ◽

P Content

Soil acidity and low availability of P limit crop production in the highlands of Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the P status, distribution and forms of inorganic P and relate them to selected chemical properties of eight representative acidic surface soil samples from Farta District. Soil pH (H2O) varied between 4.74 and 5.50. The moderate to high CEC suggests that besides kaolinite, the soils also contain expandable 2 : 1 clay minerals. Though the total P content was high, the available Olsen P content was very low or low in all soils except one. In most soils, the abundance of inorganic P fractions was as follows: P bound by oxalate extractable iron (Feox-P)>reductant soluble Fe-P>occluded Al-Fe-P>P bound by oxalate extractable aluminum (Alox-P)>calcium bound P (Ca-P). Olsen P had a very strong positive correlation (P≤0.01) withAlox-P (r=0.98),Feox-P (r=0.96), and oxalate extractable P (r=0.94). Though Fe bound P reserves were quite abundant and the degree of P saturation ofAlox+Feox(median 3.3%) was moderate, the extremely low P saturation ofAlox(median 0.5%) explains the P deficiency of the soils.

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The effect of long-term fertilization on phosphorus content determined in different soil extractants on meadow chernozem soil

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/41/2672 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Emese B. Szabó

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Content ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

P Content ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Phosphorus Requirement ◽

P Balance ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Negative Balance

The 0.01 M CaCl2 universal extractant is known all over Europe since the 90’s. During my research, I exam the phosphorus content determined in 0.01 M CaCl2 of the samples originated from the B 17 National Uniformed Long Term Fertilisation Trials in the experimental site Karcag, in the 40th year of the experiment. Relationships between the CaCl2-P and the AL-P content of the soil, the average yields, and the phosphorus balance of the2006/2007 year were studied. From the results of the study it was concluded as follows:– Correlation was close (r=0.68-0.7) between the AL-P and CaCl2-P. This is in accordance with the results of previous experiments in Hungary and other countries.– My studies confirmed that the calcium-chloride method indicates well the deficiency and the surplus of plant available phosphorus. In case of different degrees of negative balance, the amount of CaCl2 extractable phosphorus showed no changes, or decreased, and in case of positive balance it increased exponentially by the long-term effect of P rates.– The 120 and 180 kg ha-1 rates resulted in significant increases in the amount of CaCl2-P according to the control and treatments that are not fertilized with phosphorus. The 60 kg ha-1 rate didn’t result any increase as it didn’t meet the phosphorus requirement of winter wheat, and presumably the P-balance was negative in the earlier years as well.– It can be stated that the 0.01 M CaCl2 was able to assess the deficiency and the excess of phosphorus causing negative impacts on environment as well.

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Impact of long-term trials on crop production research and education

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.58.2010.suppl.1.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Jolánkai ◽

F. Nyárai ◽

K. Kassai

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Ecological Models ◽

Dynamic Databases ◽

Production Research ◽

Research And Education

Long-term trials have a twofold role in life sciences, acting as both live laboratories and public collections. Long-term trials are not simply scientific curios or the honoured relics of a museum, but highly valuable live ecological models that can never be replaced or restarted if once terminated or suspended. These trials provide valuable and dynamic databases for solving scientific problems. The present paper is intended to give a brief summary of the crop production aspects of long-term trials.

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Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.63.2014.1.15 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Éva Lehoczky ◽

M. Kamuti ◽

N. Mazsu ◽

J. Tamás ◽

D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Nutrition ◽

Crop Production ◽

N Availability ◽

Weed Species ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Production Factors ◽

Maize Field ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

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