scholarly journals Effects of metribuzin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velisek ◽  
Z. Svobodova ◽  
V. Piackova ◽  
L. Novotny ◽  
J. Blahova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of metribuzin on rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhynchus mykiss</I>). An experimental group of fish was exposed to Sencor 70 WG pesticide product (active substance 70% of metribuzin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on rainbow trout juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Sencor 70 WG was 89.3 mg/l. An examination of the haematological and biochemical profile and histopathological tissue examinations were performed on one- to two-year-old rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure to Sencor WG 70 in a concentration of 89.3 mg/l. The experimental group showed significantly lower values (<I>P</I> < 0.01) of plasma total proteins, triacylglycerols, aspartate aminotransferase, ammonia, calcium, lactate, alkaline phosphatase, erythrocyte count, haematocrit and significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) values of erythrocyte haemoglobin compared to the control group. A significant decrease (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in both the relative and absolute lymphocyte count and a significant increase (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in both the relative and absolute count of neutrophile granulocytes were also recorded in the experimental group. The histopathological examination revealed mild proliferation of goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium of secondary gill lamellae and hyaline degeneration of epithelial cells of the renal tubules of the caudal kidney. This alteration of kidney resulted in hypoproteinaemia, followed by the formation of transudate in the body cavity. The metribuzin-based Sencor WG 70 pesticide product was classified among substances harmful to fish.

scholarly journals Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velisek ◽  
T. Wlasow ◽  
P. Gomulka ◽  
Z. Svobodova ◽  
R. Dobsikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Neutrophile Granulocytes

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cypermethrin [(R,S)-&alpha;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,tra-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate] on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The effect was assessed on the basis of the results of acute toxicity tests and on the comparison of results of haematological, biochemical and histopathological tissue examinations of a control and experimental group exposed to Alimetrine 10 EM pesticide preparation (active substance 100 g/l of cypermethrin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on rainbow trout juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Alimethrine 10 EM was 31.4&nbsp;&micro;g/l. Examination of erythrocyte, leukocyte and biochemical profile and histopathological tissue examination was performed on 15 control and 15 experimental specimens of one-to-two-year-old rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure to Alimetrine 10 EM in the concentration of 31.4 &micro;g/l. The experimental group showed significantly higher values (P &lt; 0.01) of plasma ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), lactate (LACT) and significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to the control group. Also, a significant decrease in count of developmental forms of myeloid sequence, and segmented neutrophile granulocytes in the experimental group were found. Teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed with histopathological examination. No histopathological changes were demonstrated in tissues (skin, spleen, cranial and caudal kidney) of rainbow trout following exposure to cypermethrine. The cypermethrine-based Alimethrinee 10 EM pesticide preparation was classified among substances strongly toxic for fish.

scholarly journals Post-ovulatory secretion of pituitary gonadotropins GtH I and GtH II in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): regulation by steroids and possible role of non-steroidal gonadal factors

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Chyb ◽  
T Mikolajczyk ◽  
B Breton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

In order to determine the factors of ovarian origin which can modulate the postovulatory secretion of the FSH-like gonadotropin (GtH I) and the LH-like gonadotropin (GtH II), freshly ovulated female rainbow trout were divided into two groups. In the first group the fish were stripped in order to eliminate the eggs and ovarian fluid from the body cavity, while in the second group the eggs were kept in the body cavity. Subsequently, fish from both groups were implanted with testosterone (10 mg/kg), 17beta-estradiol (10 mg/kg) or 17,20beta-ddihydroxy-4-regnen-3-one (17,20betaP) (1 mg/kg) or injected every 2 days with desteroidized ovarian fluid (1.5 ml/kg). The secretion of GtH I dramatically increased in stripped fish, reaching its maximum levels 2 weeks after ovulation. The preservation of eggs in the body cavity led to the suppression of this increase. The profiles of GtH II secretion were opposite to those encountered for GtH I because the increase of GtH II was observed only in unstripped fish. The administration of steroids showed that testosterone is able to inhibit GtH I release and stimulate that of GtH II in stripped fish, having no effect on the release of these gonadotropins in non-stripped animals. 17beta-Estradiol failed to modify GtH I secretion, however it decreased the release of GtH II in fish containing retained eggs in the body cavity. 17,20betaP had a delayed stimulating influence on GtH I release in unstripped fish. Finally, multiple injections of desteroidized ovarian fluid into stripped fish led to a significant decrease of GtH I release and to an increase of GtH II secretion. This study demonstrates that factors, which are present in ovarian fluid, modulate the post-ovulatory secretion of both gonadotropins--their net action is negative on GtH I and positive on GtH II. Among the steroids, testosterone is of major importance, being able to inhibit GtH I release and to stimulate that of GtH II. We also show that non-steroidal factors present in the ovarian fluid can influence the release of both gonadotropins, which indirectly supports the previous findings about the existence of inhibin/activin-like factors in fish.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol on Haematological and Biochemical Indicators and Histopathological Changes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Matejova ◽  
Helena Modra ◽  
Jana Blahova ◽  
Ales Franc ◽  
Petr Fictum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by theFusariumgenus, is a major contaminant of cereal grains used in the production of fish feed. The effect of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was studied using a commercial feed with the addition of DON in a dose of 2 mg/kg feed. The fish(n=40)were exposed to the mycotoxin for 23 days. The trout were divided into two groups, control and experimental groups. Control groups were fed a commercial feed naturally contaminated with a low concentration of DON (225 μg/kg feed); experimental groups were fed a commercial feed with the addition of DON (1964 μg/kg feed). Plasma biochemical and haematological indices, biometric parameters, and histopathological changes were assessed at the end of the experiment. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values in MCH(P<0.05). In biochemical indices, after 23-day exposure, a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol(P<0.05), and ammonia(P<0.01)was recorded in the experimental group compared to the control group. Our assessment showed no significant changes in biometric parameters. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the caudal kidney of the exposed fish. The obtained data show the sensitivity of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) to deoxynivalenol.

Experimental Infection of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda; Ascaridoidea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2293-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Smith ◽  
A. E. Elarifi ◽  
R. Wootten ◽  
A. W. Pike ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus ◽  
Northern North Sea

The fate of freshly hatched larvae of the marine ascaridoid nematodes Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova decipiens (from grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, from Scotland and the Canadian Atlantic) was investigated following oral or intraperitoneal introduction into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, maintained at 7–13 °C in fresh water. Neither species appeared to survive for long in the trout alimentary tract following oral introduction; a few larvae were found alive after 2 d but none after 21 d. intraperitoneally, P. decipiens did not survive beyond 21 d, but some C. osculatum exsheathed and developed over several months to lengths over 13 mm, and morphologically and morphometrically resembled third-stage larvae from naturally infected whiting, Merlangius merlangus, from the northern North Sea; no moult was detected. Thus, freshly hatched free-living larvae of C. osculatum are able to develop directly to the third stage in the body cavity of a fish without earlier passage through a crustacean or other invertebrate host.

scholarly journals Effect of different doses of Tamoxifen Drug on kidney of Albino male rats: Histopathological and biochemical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4590-4597
Author(s):  
Abed H. Baraaj ◽  
Aqeel H. Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Histological Changes

The Tamoxifen (TAM) is an effective anticancer drug; it is a hormonal treatment against estrogen necessary for the growth of cancer cells. The study was conducted to estimate the effects of TAM on some physiological and histological parameters. We used for 40 rats of the strain albino rat [Rattus norvegicus] divided into four groups. A total of three groups were given different TAM doses (30, 40, 50mg/kg) of the body weight four times a week during 10 weeks period. The control group was injected with physiological solution (Normal Saline 0.9%). At the end of dosage duration, the blood was collected for some biochemical parameters (kidney functions) investigation. The test results showed significant differences in the treated groups as three groups revealed a significant increase in Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine levels. The kidney tissues histopathological examination of in the TAM groups showed histological changes which increased in accordance with elevated doses administration in comparison with the control group. The histological changes were inflammatory cells infiltration, blood congestion, pyknic and necrotic nucleus in glomerulus with massive degeneration in epithelial of renal tubules, and deformed of architecture of renal tissue. In addition, massive infiltration of mononucleosis adjacent dilated blood vessels with hemorrhage in tubule and necrosis of tubules that exhibited pyknic and necrotic nucleus in glomerulus as well. As well as the exhibited small granulomatous lesion with large dilated of blood vessels and necrotic tubules with great granulomatous trauma containing from accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes with vacuolar degeneration of tubules and massive necrotic of glomerulus with thickness of bowman capsule.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

scholarly journals How virtual avatar experience interplays with self-concepts: the use of anthropometric 3D body models in the visual stimulation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyeon Park ◽  
Jennifer Paff Ogle
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Virtual Avatar

AbstractWe explored how viewing one’s anthropometric virtual avatar would affect the viewer’s self-body perception through the comparative evaluation of self-concepts—self-esteem and self-compassion, within the framework of allocentric lock theory. We recruited 18 female adults, aged 18–21, who identified themselves to have some level of body image concerns, and who had had no clinical treatment for their body image. Participants were randomly assigned either to the experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in both body positivity program and virtual avatar program, whereas the control group attended the body positivity program, only. The results affirmed that the body positivity program served as a psychological buffer prior to the virtual avatar stimulus. After the virtual avatar experience, the participants demonstrated self-acceptance by lowering their expectation on how they should look like. The findings from exit interviews enriched the quantitative results. This study verified the mechanism of the altered processing of the stored bodily memory by the egocentric sensory input of virtual avatars, and offered practical potential of the study outcomes to be applied in various emerging fields where novel applications of virtual 3D technology are sought, such as fashion e-commerce.

scholarly journals Does Motor Training of the Nonparetic Side Influences Balance and Function in Chronic Stroke? A Pilot RCT

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Pandian ◽  
Kamal Narayan Arya ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. Balance and functional abilities are controlled by both sides of the body. The role of nonparetic side has never been explored for such skills.Objective. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of a motor therapy program primarily involving the nonparetic side on balance and function in chronic stroke.Method. A randomized controlled, double blinded trial was conducted on 39 poststroke hemiparetic subjects (21, men; mean age, 42 years; mean poststroke duration, 13 months). They were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=20)and control group(n=19). The participants received either motor therapy focusing on the nonparetic side along with the conventional program or conventional program alone for 8 weeks (3 session/week, 60 minutes each). The balance ability was assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Reach Test (FRT) while the functional performance was measured by Barthel Index (BI).Result. After intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant(P<0.05)change on BBS (5.65 versus 2.52) and BI (12.75 versus 2.16) scores in comparison to the control group.Conclusion. The motor therapy program incorporating the nonparetic side along with the affected side was found to be effective in enhancing balance and function in stroke.

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