scholarly journals Competitive ability of Rhinanthus minor L. in relation to productivityin the Rengen Grassland Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hejcman ◽  
J. Schellberg ◽  
V. Pavlů
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Rhinanthus Minor ◽  
Control Application ◽  
And Control

Rhinanthus minor (yellow-rattle) can be used for restoration of species-rich grasslands but is vulnerable to competitive exclusion from high total aboveground biomass production of vascular plants. We asked (1) whether there is a threshold limit for total annual aboveground biomass production of vascular plants above which R. minor cannot establish viable population in grasslands and (2) how is cover of R. minor in grassland related to standing biomass of bryophytes. Data were collected in the Rengen Grassland Experiment (RGE) established in Germany in 1941 with following fertilizer treatments: unfertilized control, application of Ca, CaN, CaNP, CaNPKCl and CaNPK<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Cover of R. minor and total annual aboveground biomass production of vascular plants were determined from 2005 to 2009. Further relationship between standing biomass of bryophytes and cover of R. minor was analyzed in 2006. Mean cover of R. minor over five years ranged from 0.7% to 12.3% in CaNPK<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and control treatments, respectively. Cover of R. minor was significantly negatively related to total annual aboveground biomass production of vascular plants and cover of R. minor was below 3% in all plots with total annual aboveground dry matter biomass production of vascular plants higher than 5 t/ha. Although cover of R. minor was markedly reduced in highly productive plots in the RGE, high standing biomass of bryophytes (1.8 t/ha) in low productive control was not an obstacle for establishment of its viable population. We concluded, that viable population of R. minor can be established in grasslands only if total annual aboveground dry matter biomass production of vascular plants is below 5 t/ha regardless on standing biomass of bryophytes.

The relative competitiveness of atrazine susceptible and resistant populations of Chenopodium album and C. strictum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Susceptible Populations

The total aboveground biomass and reproductive dry weight of one atrazine resistant and one susceptible population from southern Ontario of each of two species of Chenopodium, C. album and C. strictum, were compared. The comparison was made between plants grown under both noncompetitive and competitive conditions. Results from a spaced noncompetitive trial provided evidence for: (1) greater total and reproductive biomass production and earlier flowering of resistant and susceptible populations of C. album as compared with both populations of C. strictum, (2) greater aboveground total and reproductive biomass production of the susceptible population of C. album as compared with the resistant population, and (3) greater total aboveground biomass production (but similar reproductive biomass) of the susceptible population of C. strictum as compared with the resistant population. Results from the competition trials (i.e., plants grown in a de Wit replacement series), provided evidence for inter- and intra-specific differences in competitive ability: (1) the susceptible population of C. album was found to be more competitive than the susceptible population of C. strictum, (2) the susceptible population of C. album was a superior competitor to the resistant population, and (3) the resistant and susceptible populations of C. strictum appeared to be equally competitive.

scholarly journals Biomass of elephant grass and leucaena for bioenergy production

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aparecida Sales ◽  
Paulo Henrique Caramori ◽  
Wilian Da Silva Ricce ◽  
Marco Aurélio Teixeira Costa ◽  
Geovanna Cristina Zaro
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Potential Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production of elephant grass and leucaena in Paraná state, Brazil, for the generation of renewable energy. Two field studies were conducted in the municipality of Ibiporã (23° S, 51° 01?W). In the first study, the dry matter accumulation curves were calculated, with sampling at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after cultivation. The second study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots. The total aboveground biomass production of elephant grass and leucaena was estimated in the main plot. Cutting times of 60 and 120 days after cultivation were evaluated in the subplots. The productivity of dry matter (kg.ha-1) was estimated using the biomass data. In addition, the potential production of energy from the burning of elephant grass biomass, and the potential production of total aboveground biomass and energy of elephant grass (in Paraná) was estimated using an agrometeorological model. Elephant grass can be potentially used as an alternative energy source. Leucaena has slow initial growth, and it must therefore be evaluated over a longer period in order to determine its potential. Simulation analyses of the capability of power generation, conducted based on the annual dry matter production, revealed that elephant grass could be an important source of renewable energy in the state of Paraná.

scholarly journals Adaptation assessment of drought tolerance in maize populations from the Sahara in both shores of the Mediterranean Sea

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Lorena Álvarez-Iglesias ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Main Stress ◽  
And Control

AbstractDrought is the main stress for agriculture, and maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Sahara has been identified as potential source of drought tolerance; however, information about adaptation of semitropical maize germplasm from the Sahara to temperate areas has not been reported. Our objective was assessing the adaptation of maize germplasm from Saharan oases as sources of drought tolerance for improving yield and biomass production under drought conditions in temperate environments. A collection of maize populations from Saharan oases was evaluated under drought and control conditions in Spain and Algeria. Algerian populations were significantly different under drought for most traits, and the significant genotype × environment interactions indicated that drought tolerance is genotype-dependent, but tolerance differences among genotypes change across environments. Based on yield, the Algerian maize populations PI527474, PI527478, PI527472, PI527467, PI527470, and PI527473 would be appropriate sources of drought tolerance for temperate environments. Concerning biomass production, the most interesting populations were PI527467, PI542685, PI527478, and PI527472. These Saharan populations could provide favorable alleles for drought tolerance for temperate breeding programs, and could also be used for studying mechanisms and genetic regulation of drought tolerance.

Prediction of aboveground biomass and dry‐matter content in brachiaria pastures by combining meteorological data and satellite imagery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor L. Bretas ◽  
Domingos S.M. Valente ◽  
Fabyano F. Silva ◽  
Mario L. Chizzotti ◽  
Mário F. Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Brachiaria Pastures

Enhancement of iron availability by some organic materials

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Parsa ◽  
A. Wallace ◽  
J. P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYIn a preliminary laboratory experiment in Iran, not reported here, 5 out of 30 plant materials incorporated into a highly calcareous soil had a positive effect on increasing the DTPA- (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-extractable Fe and all except one significantly increased the vegetative growth of sorghum. The plant materials included Lawsonia inermis L., Malva silvestris L., Zyzyphus nummularia Wak. and Lavandula carnopifolia L. A glasshouse study was repeated with two California soils pretreated with 0·5% Fe2O3 to determine if these organic materials have practical value in making Fe available to plants. A calcareous, Fe-deficient Hacienda (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic aquic natrargid) and a non-calcareous Yolo (fine-silty, mixed, non-acid, thermic typic xerothents). The previously mentioned organic materials and Laminaria saccharina L. (Lamour) were incorporated into the soils at two rates, 15000 and 20000μg/g, as air dry and in ash form. An adequate supply of major and micronutrients other than Fe was ensured. Other treatments included 5 μg Fe/g as FeSO4, Fe-138 chelate and control. All of the plant materials with the exception of L. carnopifolia significantly increased dry-matter yield and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by sorghum in the Hacienda soil. In the Yolo soil the above were not significant. Thin-layer chromatography of the extracts of the plant materials revealed the presence of significant quantities of phenolic substances.

Individuality, self and sociality of vascular plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1821) ◽  
pp. 20190760 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Baluška ◽  
Stefano Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
And Control

Vascular plants are integrated into coherent bodies via plant-specific synaptic adhesion domains, action potentials (APs) and other means of long-distance signalling running throughout the plant bodies. Plant-specific synapses and APs are proposed to allow plants to generate their self identities having unique ways of sensing and acting as agents with their own goals guiding their future activities. Plants move their organs with a purpose and with obvious awareness of their surroundings and require APs to perform and control these movements. Self-identities allow vascular plants to act as individuals enjoying sociality via their self/non-self-recognition and kin recognition. Flowering plants emerge as cognitive and intelligent organisms when the major strategy is to attract and control their animal pollinators as well as seed dispersers by providing them with food enriched with nutritive and manipulative/addictive compounds. Their goal in interactions with animals is manipulation for reproduction, dispersal and defence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Basal cognition: multicellularity, neurons and the cognitive lens’.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Time on Canopy Structure and Biomass Production in Some Soybean Genotypes

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
MK Uddin ◽  
MK Hasan ◽  
AKMA Alam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

A field experiment was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh during November 2003 to May 2004 to assess the effect of planting time (November and December) on some morphological structure, and root & shoot biomass production in four soybean genotypes (GPB-1, GPB-2, AGS-332 and AGS-11-35). The plant height, stem base diameter, seed dry weight plant-1 were significantly greater in the late planting crops (December) but number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, leaves dry weight plant-1, shoots dry weight plant-1, roots dry weight plant-1, total dry matter plant-1 were also significantly greater in November planting. Highest plant height, branches plant-1 and leaves plant-1, shoot dry weight plant-1 and total dry matter were found in GPB-2 genotype. Key words: Early and late planting, shoot and root mass, Glycine max. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1453 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 25-29, June 2007

scholarly journals Disease Resistance and Biomass Stability of Forage Pearl Millet Hybrids with Partial Rust Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wilson ◽  
R. N. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Plot Design

The expression of partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica and its contribution to digestible biomass production in forage pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in field experiments at Tifton, GA. Inbreds Tift 383, Tift 65, and nine inbreds with partial resistance selected from the cross Tift 383 × ‘ICMP 501’ were crossed to Tift 23DA4. The parental inbreds and hybrids were evaluated in natural epidemics in 1996 and 1997. Because of maturity differences among the lines, slope of the regression of logit rust severity on time (apparent infection rate) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated for a defined interval of plant growth (10 days before to 20 days after anthesis) and adjusted for initial rust severity at 10 days prior to anthesis were the most useful indicators of resistance. Inbred resistance was not a reliable predictor of hybrid resistance when evaluated by either variable. Hybrids were evaluated for biomass production in 1996 and 1997 in a split-plot design, with hybrids as main plots and nontreated or chlorothalonil fungicide-treated as subplots. Differences existed among hybrids for AUDPC and for digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) and its components. Over all hybrids, the response between DDMY and final rust severity was described by logarithmic regression. Two clusters of hybrids were identified by cluster analysis of disease-related data from both experiments. The cluster of susceptible hybrids tended to have a lower DDMY and were less stable over year × treatment environments than the cluster of partially resistant hybrids. Lodging in nontreated plots in 1997 primarily occurred in susceptible hybrids. Although resistance was expressed in certain hybrids, greater levels of partial resistance are needed to provide adequate protection against DDMY losses.

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