scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment and foliar protection with fungicides on health status of winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Z. Sawinska ◽  
I. Malecka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Take All

The experiments were conducted in 2001&minus;2003 at the Experimental Station in Zlotniki of the Agricultural University of Poznan (Poland). The impact of different fungicidal protection programs on occurrence and incidence of fungal diseases on leaf and ear as well as of diseases on stem base and roots of winter wheat was determined. Infections on stem base and roots were mostly caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i>. Seed treatment with Latitude 125 FS reduced significantly take-all of winter wheat in comparison with the standard treatment (Raxil 060 FS). However, the seed treatments lowered only slightly the incidence of brown foot rot. The applied complex chemical protection program of winter wheat reduced successfully the infection of leaves and ears by fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Influence of forecrop and chemical seed treatment on the occurrence of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on winter wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Weber
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

The work was done in years 1998/1999 - 2000/2001 on plantations and field plot experiments. Aim of the work was evaluation of take-all occurrence on winter wheat in milk-wax growth stage in dependence on forecrop (oilseed rape, wheat or barley) as well as seed treatment with Latitude 125 FS when wheat was planted on fields after wheat or barley. Percentage of infected plants when seeds were not treated with Latitude 125 FS varied from 82-100 on fields after wheat or barley, and 54-69 on fields after oilseed rape. In treatments with wheat grown after wheat or barley the percentage of infected plants amounted 20-100 when seeds were not treated with Latitude 125 FS and 13-86 when seeds were treated with Latitude 125 FS. Mean degree of infection was low when percentage of infected plants was low and high when percentage of infected plants was high.

A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 3. Effects on diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. JENKYN ◽  
R. J. GUTTERIDGE ◽  
A. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Brown Foot Rot ◽  
Take All

Different management regimes for 1-year rotational set-aside were tested in three experiments that followed winter wheat and started in autumn 1988–90. The regimes included operations that prevented the establishment of volunteers or allowed them to establish and persist until either spring or summer, and also altered the distribution of debris from the winter wheat that preceded the set-aside. For comparison, treatments in the set-aside year also included winter wheat.Samples taken in spring from the first test crop showed that there were few significant or consistent effects on leaf diseases of growing the wheat after different set-aside treatments or after winter wheat. There were significant effects of the set-aside treatments on root and stem base diseases but some of the effects, and the apparent absence of others, are not easily reconciled with current understanding of the biology of the pathogens concerned. In summer, eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) was most severe after winter wheat and least severe after ryegrass. Severity after the other set-aside treatments did not differ significantly. There was more sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia cerealis) in plots that had been ploughed at the start of the set-aside year, including those sown with winter wheat, than in those that had not. Brown foot rot (Fusarium spp.) was equally severe where the wheat followed wheat or where it followed set-aside treatments that allowed volunteers to develop, and less so where the development of volunteers was prevented. Take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) was most severe after winter wheat and more severe after set-aside treatments that allowed volunteers to develop and survive through the winter than after those that did not. Effects of ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) on take-all in the following wheat were particularly variable, perhaps because ryegrass is a host of both the take-all fungus and of Phialophora graminicola, one of its principal antagonists.

scholarly journals Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980–3

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
R. J. Darby ◽  
M. V. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Take All ◽  
Number Of Shoots

SUMMARYFrom 1980 to 1983 factorial experiments at Saxmundham were made on winter wheat following beans, so as to minimize losses from foot and root rots and increase potential yields. All tested seed-bed N, and amounts and times of application of N in spring, both with and without sprays intended to limit losses from aphids and from diseases. The tests were made on one semi-dwarf variety in 1980 and on two contrasting varieties from 1981 to 1983. In 1982 and 1983 a comparison was made between wheat following beans and wheat following wheat; all treatments were applied cumulatively to the two successive wheat crops.In 1980 and in 1981 N given in March greatly increased the number of shoots in April but had little effect on the final number of ears. Yields of grain were greatly increased by N given during April and by sequential sprays with fungicides and aphicide; these two factors interacted so that responses to N were larger with the sprays than without. Yield responses to seed-bed N, although small, were greater than the benefits from applying divided instead of single N dressings in spring. The number of ears was greatly increased by increasing the amount of N given in April, but only slightly by any of the other treatments. The weight of 1000 grains was greatly increased by the sprays of aphicide and fungicides and was decreased by N in 1981, but not in 1980. Largest yields of grain were 10·14 t/ha in 1980 and 10·91 t/ha in 1981 when N was given in spring at 160 and 200 kg/ha respectively, and the crops were sprayed with pesticides.In 1982 and 1983 N applied in March again greatly increased the number of shoots in April, but not the final number of ears. Yields of grain were larger after beans than after wheat, mainly because the number of ears and the weight of 1000 grains were greater. This may have been because take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminisvar. tritici) was more severe where wheat followed wheat. Previous cropping also interacted with variety; Avalon yielded slightly less than Norman where take-all was slight but much less where take-all was severe. Where N was given the mean loss in yield from growing Avalon rather than Norman in the 2 years was 2·47 t/ha after wheat and 0·37 t/ha after beans. The take-all disease ratings of Norman and Avalon after wheat were 132 and 197 respectively. Yields of grain were greatly increased by N given during April, especially of wheat following wheat and where it was protected with sprays; then the mean yield was only 2·79 t/ha without N but 8·78 with 235 kg N/ha. Where wheat followed beans, yields were 6·89 t/ha without N and 11·07 with 175 kg N/ha. Applying N to the seed bed increased yields slightly, and again by more than by dividing the dressing of N in spring. The number of ears was greatly increased by N in spring and a little by all the other factors that increased grain yield. The weight of 1000 grains was increased greatly by the sprays of aphicide and fungicides, was decreased by N, and was larger for Norman than for Avalon.In 1980–1, after beans, the mean amounts of N removed by the grain (where aphicide and fungicides were given) ranged from 81 kg/ha without N fertilizer to 167 where most N was given. In 1982–3 comparable values ranged from 86 kg N/ha to 191 where wheat followed beans and from 35 kg N/ha to 168 where wheat followed wheat.

Effect of Herbicides on Take-All Disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis) in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
Ray M. Geddens ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby ◽  
Robert L. Powelson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Take All

Experiments were conducted in each of two seasons to determine possible effects of diclofop, difenzoquat, dinoseb, and mecoprop on the incidence of take-all disease and grain yield of winter wheat. All of the herbicides, especially mecoprop, reduced incidence of take-all. Treatments increased grain yields the first year but not the second, compared to the inoculated weed-free control. None of the herbicides tested increased incidence or severity of take-all disease in either of the two seasons. The technique of inoculating disease-free soil was successful in obtaining uniform and reproducible incidence of disease.

scholarly journals Effects of essential oils on mycoflora and winter wheat seed germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
The Impact

The mycoflora of winter wheat seed consists of various fungi that differ as to the parasitism rate. Their harmfulness is connected with their phytotoxic action and ability to produce mycotoxins. Assuming that essential oils have an effective antifungal impact, we studied the effectiveness of 13 essential oils which were produced by LLC "Aromatyka", Ukraine (cinnamon, orange, peppermint, rosemary, vervain, ylang-ylang, sandal, fennel, lavender, eucalypt, bergamot, frankincense, and geranium) on securing of a group of fungi from winter wheat seeds. The seed mycoflora of Bogdana variety harvested in 2017-2020, which was grown in the North- Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine (Sumy oblast), was analyzed. A fungi complex analysis was made on the media PGA. The impact of essential oils on seed germinating ability and the length of wheat sprouts on the 7th day has been determined. A longterm studying of seed treatment by essential oils showed their effects on mycoflora formation. These plants affected not only the fungi amount but also changed their secure spectrum. The studies admit a negative impact of fungi on seed germination and plant development. The highest seed germination equaled 95% under its treatment with rosemary and orange oils. However, under seed treatment with rosemary oil, there appeared Fusarium sp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., which harms seed germination. Orange oil has increased the number of fungi of Penicillium sp. The best results (based on three indices) had sandal oil, under which the fungus colony has increased half, and seed germination equaled 61%, the sprout length was maximal when applying other oils (58.8 mm). The essential oils which fully inhibited seed and fungi development (cinnamon, fennel, vervain, geranium) were determined. The study of two of them as fungicides for treatments at the beginning of wheat flowering proved a similar effect to falcon on the change of the internal seed mycoflora.

Nitrogen nutrition of wheat following different crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Echeverría ◽  
C. A. Navarro ◽  
F. H. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Take All

SUMMARYA trial using a split-plot with blocks design was carried out at the INTA Balcarce Experimental Station, Argentina on a typic argiudol soil to evaluate N nutrition in wheat after different preceding crops and using two rates of N fertilization (0 and 90 kg N/ha).Wheat (Triticum aestivum), soyabean (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and maize (Zea mays) were grown in different combinations for two successive years (1984/85 and 1985/86).No water stress was detected during either growing season. Nitrogen availability was altered by the previous crops grown, but the effect lasted only for one season. Wheat following maize yielded least with no N and responded most to N fertilization. The highest yields of wheat without N and the lowest response by wheat to N fertilization were found after crops of soyabean and sunflower.Wheat after a fertilized wheat crop did not respond to N fertilization because of a serious attack of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici).The nitrate concentration in wheat stem bases was found to be a good estimator of the availability of soil N.

scholarly journals Stem-Base Disease in Winter Durum and Common Wheat Cultivation in the Years 2009–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gala ◽  
Anna Gorczyca ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy ◽  
Marek Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The occurrence of stem-base diseases in two cultivars of winter wheat were evaluated in a 3-year experiment, using two agrotechnology levels. The two cultivars evaluated were durum wheat of the Komnata cultivar and common wheat of the Ostka Strzelecka cultivar. The highest intensity was noted in the occurrence of two diseases of the complex, i.e. Fusarium foot rot and eyespot. The examined cultivars were characterized by a similar susceptibility to these diseases. There was an observed difference - a slightly higher susceptibility by the Komnata as opposed to the Ostka Strzelecka cultivar - but it was not significant statistically. Significant differentiation in infestation was noted for other experimental factors like cultivation season and the agrotechnology level. Intensification of the occurrence of both stem-base diseases in the experimental seasons did not affect the mean amount and quality of the yield obtained in the experiment.

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