scholarly journals Stem-Base Disease in Winter Durum and Common Wheat Cultivation in the Years 2009–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gala ◽  
Anna Gorczyca ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy ◽  
Marek Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The occurrence of stem-base diseases in two cultivars of winter wheat were evaluated in a 3-year experiment, using two agrotechnology levels. The two cultivars evaluated were durum wheat of the Komnata cultivar and common wheat of the Ostka Strzelecka cultivar. The highest intensity was noted in the occurrence of two diseases of the complex, i.e. Fusarium foot rot and eyespot. The examined cultivars were characterized by a similar susceptibility to these diseases. There was an observed difference - a slightly higher susceptibility by the Komnata as opposed to the Ostka Strzelecka cultivar - but it was not significant statistically. Significant differentiation in infestation was noted for other experimental factors like cultivation season and the agrotechnology level. Intensification of the occurrence of both stem-base diseases in the experimental seasons did not affect the mean amount and quality of the yield obtained in the experiment.

The impact of winter wheat cultivation practices on the quality of soil and grain

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-651
Author(s):  
D. Šileikiene ◽  
V. Rutkoviene ◽  
J. Pekarskas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The occurrence of fungi on roots and stem bases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown under two levels of chemical protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Leszek Rachoń ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Szumiło
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
The University

Investigations were carried out in 2007-2009 on the plots of the Felin Experimental Station belonging to the University of Life Science in Lublin. The studies comprised two cultivation lines of durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> L.): STH 716 and STH 717, as well as the 'Tonacja' cultivar of common wheat (<i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>vulgare</i> L.). Two levels of chemical protection were applied in the cultivation: minimal and complex protection. Infection of wheat roots and stem bases was recorded in each growing season at hard dough stage (87 in Tottman's scale, 1987). After three years of study, the mean disease indexes for the analyzed wheat genotypes in the experimental treatment with minimal protection were 31.13, 30.43 and 38.83 for, respectively, the 'Tonacja' cultivar and the cultivation lines of <i>T. durum</i> STH 716 and STH 717. In the experimental combination with complex protection, after three years of study the disease indexes ranged from 25.26 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 716) to 30.83 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 717). The results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that <i>Fusarium</i> spp., especially <i>F. culmorum</i>, <i>F. avenaceum</i> as well as <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, caused root rot and necrosis of wheat stem bases. The analyzed chemical protection levels did not significantly influence grain yield of the investigated genotypes of <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. durum</i>.

SEED COAT PUNCTURE RESISTANCE IN CEREAL AND OILSEED CULTIVARS—A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INSECT DAMAGE IN STORED GRAINS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
P. W. VOISEY
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
The Mean

Seed coat puncture resistance of 42 cultivars of common and durum wheat, oats, barley and rapeseed were measured by puncture tests believed to approximate seed penetration by weevils infesting stored grain. All seven species of crops, several cultivars, and germ and endosperm parts of the seed within the same cultivar varied significantly [Formula: see text] in puncture resistance of seeds when their moisture contents were m equilibrium at 0% and 70% RH. Dry durum wheat (cv. Wakooma) showed the highest puncture resistance, moist rapeseed (cv. Torch) the lowest. The mean puncture resistance of the endosperm coat of moist crop cultivars ranged from 2,074 to 2,456 g for common wheat; 3,316 to 4,131 g for durum wheat; 1,145 to 1,404 g for oats; 1,321 to 1,861 g for barley; and 184 to 222 g for rapeseed. These differences m seed coat strength suggest that it may be one of the sources governing susceptibility to insect damage of stored grain. Thus, the drier the seed, the greater would be the difficulty for an insect to penetrate the seed coat.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN UNDER NON-MOLDBOARD SOIL TILLAGE DEPENDING ON DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERSIN THE CROP ROTATIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
V.A. Lukyanov ◽  
◽  
L.B. Nitchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

In modern agriculture, resource-saving technologies for cultivating grain crops and their optimization are becoming more and more relevant. The use of scientifically-based crop rotations, tillage methods and doses of mineral fertilizers allow increasing economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield and quality of winter wheat grain depending on different doses of mineral fertilizers under non-moldboard soil tillage in the crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region. The research was carried out in 2012-2020 in a stationary multifactorial field experiment in Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center. The experimental design included the following options: Factor A – crop rotations (grain-fallow-row, grain-grass-row, grain-grass); Factor B – mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers, N20P40K40, N40P80K80 kg ha-1). The soil of the experimental site is represented by typical, medium-loamy chernozem. The paper shows that the yield of winter wheat grain in the context of non-moldboard soil tillage was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation and amounted to 3.34 t ha-1. In the grain-grass-row and grain-grass crop rotations, yield decreased by 6.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively. The maximum grain yield (3.98 t/ha-1) was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with N40P80K80. An increase in fertilizers doses led to protein and gluten content increment from 12.6 to 13.3 % and from 22.8 to 25.6 %, respectively; however, the differences in crop rotations were within the limits of experimental error. The grain nature varied according to the studied factors from 708 to 735 g/l-1 and was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N40P80K80. Despite more significant net income after increased fertilizers dose (N40P80K80), the increase in the winter wheat grain yield did not allow obtaining a higher level of profitability compared to N20P40K40. Winter wheat cultivation in grain-grass-row crop rotation with N20P40K40 was the most cost-effective. In this variant, the cost of grain was the lowest (4.92 thousand rubles t-1); the profitability, on the contrary, was the highest (103.4 %).

scholarly journals Impact of cultivation technologies on yield and grain quality of winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. in Moscow region

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Nazih Y. Rebouh ◽  
Petr M. Polityko ◽  
Vladimir N. Kapranov ◽  
Viktor N. Fedorischev ◽  
Nina J. Garmasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The current study is aimed at evaluating the reaction of winter wheat varieties according to cultivation technologies at a different level of intensity i.e. basic, intensive and high intensive. The cultivation technologies included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. The experiment was established in order to determine the optimum conditions of winter wheat cultivation. Three winter wheat varieties were studied: Moskovskaya 40 (V1), Nemchinovskaya 17 (V2) and Nemchinovskaya 85 (V3). Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein and gluten content) were determined according to the tested cultivation technologies. The results showed that the cultivation technology affected grain wheat productivity and quality on all varieties studied, since the highest yields were obtained using high intensive cultivation technology for all varieties studied, Moskovskaya 40 - 9.65 t/h, Nemchinovskaya 17 - 8.58 t/h and Nemchinovskaya 85 - 9.87 t/h. However, according to the basic technology, the yield was lower by 2064 %. The tested cultivation technologies demonstrated that high intensive cultivation technology increased wheat quality. The highest protein content (18 %) was recorded in Nemchinovskaya 85 variety. The present results give real opportunities for a largescale application of the tested cultivation technologies in different agricultural lands of Russia.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment and foliar protection with fungicides on health status of winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Z. Sawinska ◽  
I. Malecka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Take All

The experiments were conducted in 2001&minus;2003 at the Experimental Station in Zlotniki of the Agricultural University of Poznan (Poland). The impact of different fungicidal protection programs on occurrence and incidence of fungal diseases on leaf and ear as well as of diseases on stem base and roots of winter wheat was determined. Infections on stem base and roots were mostly caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i>. Seed treatment with Latitude 125 FS reduced significantly take-all of winter wheat in comparison with the standard treatment (Raxil 060 FS). However, the seed treatments lowered only slightly the incidence of brown foot rot. The applied complex chemical protection program of winter wheat reduced successfully the infection of leaves and ears by fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Colour evaluation of different pasta samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Švec ◽  
M. Hrušková ◽  
M. Vítová ◽  
H. Sekerová
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Colour Measurement ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Egg Ratio ◽  
Flour Colour ◽  
The Mean

The colour of the laboratory prepared pasta was evaluated with respect to wheat flour types (M1 bright, M2 semi-bright, and M3 semolina), egg-ratio (0, 1, 2), and non-traditional cereals (archaic wheat species, tritordeum, spring barley, millet, lupin, buckwheat, and soya) supplements. The flour colour measurement confirmed its dependence on the wheat species milled – M3 obtained from durum wheat had a lower whiteness <i>L</i>* (89.6) and a higher yellowness <i>b</i>* (22.2) than the flour from common wheat (e.g. 93.6 and 8.1 for M1, respectively). As presumed, with the rising egg-ratio pasta yellowness increased – for M1-pasta, the calculated colour differences ∆E in pairs one-egg/eggless and two-egg/eggless were 1.1 and 4.7, respectively, while for M2- and M3-pasta ∆E values were only 0.8 and 1.5, respectively. The colour impacts of non-traditional cereals as 10% supplements differed between archaic wheat species, tritordeum, barley, and alternative cereals (millet, lupin, roasted buckwheat). In comparison to the standard, the greatest positive colour gain was brought by the lupin fortification (130% yellowness increase), while the worst appesred roasted buckwheat (10% decrease of whiteness, 210% increase of redness). At 20% non-traditional cereals supplements compared for M2- and M3-pasta, the highest positive increase of the pasta colour sensory perception was caused by corn and lupin additions in both pasta samples. The increase was slightly higher with M1-pasta (175%) than with M3-pasta (170%). In the mean of both pasta samples, yellowness <i>L</i>* increased from the standard pasta value 13.6 to 24.0 as measured for corn and lupin fortified pasta.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Levels of Eyespot and Fusarium Foot-Rot on Winter Wheat cv. Hereward in Cereal Monocrops and Wheat Clover Bicrops

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
M.J. Soleimani ◽  
M.L Deadman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Factors Influencing

Various factors influencing the amount of disease on the stem-base of wheat, when grown as a component of a bicrop, with white clover, are described. The amount of crop debris on the soil surface remained higher in monocrop than bicropped plots. Furthermore, the rate of debris decay was faster in bicrops than in monocrops. Population levels of P. herpotrichoides and Fusarium spp. were higher on debris within bicrops than on debris within monocrop plots. However, because debris decomposition was more rapid in bierops, inoculum availability was of shorter duration in bicrops than monocrop plots. ln soil, populations of P. herpotrichmoides were greater in bicropped plots than in monocrops, although no significant differences were observed for Fusarium spp. population levels. Pathogen cross-infection between bicrop components and changes in microclimate within crop canopies were shown to occur, and isolates of Fusarium from clover were shown to induce significant levels of disease on cereal seedlings. The effects of each of these factors on disease development are discussed in relation to previous reports of disease levels in the field.

scholarly journals Advancement of a Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Selection System

2006 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Szilárd Tóth ◽  
Henriett Kovács Oskolás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Environmentally Sound

All the research in Hungary and other countries in Europe focus on improving the quality of crops and increasing the competitiveness of production.In this respect, we have to advance the conventional technological elements, reduce the application of pesticides and fertilizers, and produce new varieties suitable for environmentally-sound production. In our crop breeding programs, we applied conventional and biotechnological methods (embryo rescue and double haploid methods) in order to get somaclonal and gametoclonal variations.We produced winter wheat lines (HP-31-95, HP-82-96) by traditional way, which have high baking qualities and high nutrient efficiency. Some diseases can limit the quantity and quality of a wheat crop. We examined several wheat diseases in our winter wheat candidates, and we found that our progenies have resistance to leaf rust.With respect to a serious problem was the small quantity of applied fertilizers and the other externals, our research focused onto advance a common wheat selection system, with the help of it, we can handle these problems. We have summarized that our selected progenies can compete with the registered varieties with quality and environmental respect.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

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