scholarly journals Effects of essential oils on mycoflora and winter wheat seed germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
The Impact

The mycoflora of winter wheat seed consists of various fungi that differ as to the parasitism rate. Their harmfulness is connected with their phytotoxic action and ability to produce mycotoxins. Assuming that essential oils have an effective antifungal impact, we studied the effectiveness of 13 essential oils which were produced by LLC "Aromatyka", Ukraine (cinnamon, orange, peppermint, rosemary, vervain, ylang-ylang, sandal, fennel, lavender, eucalypt, bergamot, frankincense, and geranium) on securing of a group of fungi from winter wheat seeds. The seed mycoflora of Bogdana variety harvested in 2017-2020, which was grown in the North- Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine (Sumy oblast), was analyzed. A fungi complex analysis was made on the media PGA. The impact of essential oils on seed germinating ability and the length of wheat sprouts on the 7th day has been determined. A longterm studying of seed treatment by essential oils showed their effects on mycoflora formation. These plants affected not only the fungi amount but also changed their secure spectrum. The studies admit a negative impact of fungi on seed germination and plant development. The highest seed germination equaled 95% under its treatment with rosemary and orange oils. However, under seed treatment with rosemary oil, there appeared Fusarium sp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., which harms seed germination. Orange oil has increased the number of fungi of Penicillium sp. The best results (based on three indices) had sandal oil, under which the fungus colony has increased half, and seed germination equaled 61%, the sprout length was maximal when applying other oils (58.8 mm). The essential oils which fully inhibited seed and fungi development (cinnamon, fennel, vervain, geranium) were determined. The study of two of them as fungicides for treatments at the beginning of wheat flowering proved a similar effect to falcon on the change of the internal seed mycoflora.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УРОЖАЙНОСТІ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ ВІД ВПЛИВУ МЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ В УМОВАХ ЗОНИ ЛІСОСТЕПУ

2017 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Г. П. Довгаль
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Capacity ◽  
The Impact

У статті на прикладі типових аграрних підприємств зони Лісостепу здійснено комплексний аналіз кліматичних факторів і продуктивності агроекосистем. У результаті досліджень встановлено кореляційну залежність урожайності озимої пшениці від окремих кліматичних чинників за 20-річний період (1997–2016 рр.). За визначеними математичними моделями були побудовані графіки функцій, які дають змогу прогнозувати рівень урожайності культури за різного впливу кліматичних факторів. Установлено, що для пшениці озимої найвагомішими метеорологічними факторами є кількість опадів  травня і червня, а також запаси продуктивної вологи в 20 см шарі ґрунту у квітні та травні. In the article the complex analysis of climatic factors and productivity of agro-ecosystems was made by the example of typical Forest-Steppe zones of agricultural enterprises. The studies found the correlation dependence of crop capacity of winter wheat yield of some climatic factors for the 20-year period (1997–2016). By certain mathematical models the graphics features that enable us to predict the level of productivity of various crops by the impact of climate factors were built. It is found that the most significant meteorological factors for winter wheat are rainfalls in May and June, and productive moisture reserves in the soil layer 20 cm in April and May.

he effect of winter wheat seed treatment the growth regulator of Metallocene brands: Melafen-Na, Melafen-Na+B, Melafen-Na+Mo on production processes, productivity and grain quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya.K. Tosunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Production Processes

The results of studies on the testing of three brands of Metallocene showed that Melafen-Na+Mo was the most effective, the treatment of seeds with it provided a higher productive stem, the formation of larger in size, water content and grain weight, ears, increased yield and grain quality.

scholarly journals An exploratory study of pre-extrusion flavouring: investigation with vitamins, amino acids, essential oils, natural aromas and seasonings

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e49956
Author(s):  
Leonardo Heleno Milk ◽  
Talita Maira Goss Milani ◽  
Ana Carolina Conti-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Corn Snacks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Vehicle

Expanded corn snacks are obtained through thermoplastic extrusion and then a lipid vehicle (oil or hydrogenated vegetable fat) is sprinkled on the product, giving the desired flavour. However, this second step called post-extrusion flavouring increases the lipid content and the caloric value of the snack, reasons why these products are highly criticized. Thus, the study of pre-extrusion flavourings is an interesting way of finding corn snacks with better nutritive value. Therefore, we aimed to explore pre-extrusion flavouring using different substances, investigating the odour and flavour on the extrudates and the impact of such substances on their expansion ratio, density, and colour. To do this, vitamins, amino acids, essential oils, natural aromas and seasonings were added to corn grits and extruded. The addition of different substances, especially the essential oils, natural aromas and seasonings, produced odour and flavour in the extrudates, as well as having little negative impact on their physical properties of the extrudates, no impact or even a small positive impact. Therefore, this study provides a range of possibilities to be explored, using pre-extrusion flavouring as a way of reducing the use of lipids and improving the nutritive value of expanded snacks.

scholarly journals Влияние гидротермального нанокремнезема на проращивание семян пшеницы в темновом режиме как один из методических аспектов биотехнологии получения функциональных продуктов на основе микрозелени

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
В.Н. Зеленков ◽  
В.В. Латушкин ◽  
В.В. Потапов ◽  
М.И. Иванова ◽  
Б.И. Сандухадзе ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Dark Mode ◽  
Additional Illumination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Исследование посвящено изучению некоторых нанотехнологических аспектов применения гидротермального нанокремнезема для получения нового функционального продукта питания – микрозелени растений (на примере озимой пшеницы). В методическом плане поднимается вопрос об использовании этапа получения пророщенных семян выращивания микрозелени с помощью нанобиотехнологий в темновом варианте без дополнительного искусственного освещения. Обработка семян гидротермальным нанокремнеземом в концентрациях 0,1 и 0,01% способствовала увеличению всхожести семян на 5–6%, средней высоты ростков (микрозелени) на 11,3–11,9%, биомассы растений на 11,0% (0,1%-ный раствор) и 17,6% (0,01%). Более низкие концентрации (0,001 и 0,0001%) мало влияли на изменение посевных свойств семян и рост сеянцев, высокие (1%) оказывали отрицательное воздействие (всхожесть снижалась на 4%, а высота ростков на 14%). Показано, что для повышения всхожести семян на первых этапах при выращивании микрозелени озимой пшеницы в темновом режиме без дополнительного подсвечивания перспективно использование гидротермального нанокремнезема для обработки семян в концентрации 0,01%, а также 0,1%. Обработка нанокремнеземом с разными концентрациями приводит к возрастанию накопления кремния в ростках в 1,5–2 раза по сравнению с контролем. Содержание фосфора, серы, магния, натрия в ростках оставалось относительно стабильным. Содержание кальция возрастало в варианте использования кремнезема 0,01% концентрации, калия – в варианте 0,0001%. Отмечено повышение содержания цинка и меди при обработке семян пшеницы водными золями нанокремнезема в варианте 0,001 %. The research is devoted to study certain nanotechnological aspects of hydrothermal nanosilica applications for obtaining a new functional food product called microgreens (as exemplified by winter wheat). In terms of methodology a question is raised concerning use of the stage when the seeds germinate for further growth of microgreens with the aid of nanotechnologies in a dark mode without additional artificial lightning. Treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.01% contributed to an increase in seed germination by 5–6%, the average sprout height (microgreens) by 11.3–11.9% and plant biomass by 11.0% (0.1 % solution) and 17.6% (0.01 %). The lower concentrations (0.001% and 0.0001%) had little effect on the change in the sowing properties of seeds and the growth of seedlings while the higher concentrations (1%) produced a negative effect (germination decreased by 4%, and the height of sprouts by 14%). It has been shown that for improving seed germination at the first stages, when growing microgreens of winter wheat in the dark mode without additional illumination, it is promising to use hydrothermal nanosilica for seed treatment at a concentration of 0.01%, as well as 0.1%. Treatment with nanosilica at different concentrations leads to the higher accumulation of silicon in the sprouts by 1.5–2 times compared to the control samples. The content of phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium and sodium in the sprouts remained relatively stable. The calcium content increased in the case of using silica of 0.01% concentration, potassium - in the case of 0.0001%. An increase in the content of zinc and copper was noted during the treatment of wheat seeds with aqueous sols of nanosilica in the variant 0.001%.

scholarly journals Formation of ecological component of consumer properties of roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (92) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Natalia Arinushkina ◽  
Tamara Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Road ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Problem. The issue of the impact of construction projects on the environment is extremely relevant and complex. Analysis of publications. The study of the negative impact of rolling stock, dust, noise, vibration, emissions during the operation of engines, as well as the impact of construction processes on the environment were engaged in such scientists as I.Ye. Evgeniev, RA Kizima, D.W. Зерка-лов, М.В. Немчинов, О.Л. Boychenko and others [1, 3, 4, 8, 9]. The aim is to assess the degree of impact of the road and transport on the environment. Presenting main material. Consumer properties of roads are a set of indicators that directly meet the needs of road users: safety, speed, continuity, comfort of traffic; road capacity, in particular the ability to pass cars and road trains with permitted axle loads, total weight and dimensions; ecological and aesthetic condition of the road; level of service and information support [2]. Ecological safety of the highway depends on the technical level, operational condition of the road and road structures, intensity and composition of traffic and characterizes the impact of the road on the environment within the limits of environmental standards, including harmful vehicle emissions, noise pollution, migration of animals, reptiles etc. [6]. Cars with gasoline engines are especially harmful in this regard. Diesel engines have a much lower level of toxicity and contain much less harmful substances. On the entire area of land occupied by the road and the construction of the road complex, on temporarily allotted land for reserves, quarries and other developments should be removed fertile layer of soil with bulldozers that cut and move the soil some distance. In the course of performance of this work the soil is exposed to mechanical disturbance. The construction area becomes a category of disturbed lands, which include lands with a removed or covered humus layer, not suitable for agricultural and forestry use without prior restoration of fertility [3, 7, 10, 11]. Conclusions. In order to protect the environment, many countries around the world are introducing laws designed to limit the negative impact of vehicles on the state of the biosphere, which requires the creation of modern environmental legislation and regulatory framework for environmental safety.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Category as Affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the Germination of Wheat Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
A Sultana ◽  
AQMB Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Wheat Seeds

An experiment was conducted under in-vitro condition to determine the effect of wheat seed categories such as healthy looking, blackpointed and shriveled as affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the germination of wheat seeds. The work was done in the   laboratory of Seed Pathology Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2010-11. The highest prevalence   65%) of B. sorokiniana was recorded in shriveled seeds, (42%) was recorded in blackpointed seeds, and (30%) was associated  with healthy looking seeds. The pathogen was responsible for the highest germination failure (87%) found in the category of   shriveled seeds and then (35%) was found in blackpointed seeds while the healthy looking seeds showed (24%) germination  failure. The result suggests that, the shriveled and blackpointed seed samples must be rejected, and after proper seed health test in an only the healthy looking seeds may be recommended for sowing through proper seed treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11563 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 113 - 116, 2012

scholarly journals Improved cyber-physical system captured post-flowering high night temperature impact on yield and quality of field grown wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Hein ◽  
Raju Bheemanahalli ◽  
Dan Wagner ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Carlos Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is essential to maintain food security for a large proportion of the world’s population. With increased risk from abiotic stresses due to climate variability, it is imperative to understand and minimize the negative impact of these stressors, including high night temperature (HNT). Both globally and at regional scales, a differential rate of increase in day and night temperature is observed, wherein night temperatures are increasing at a higher pace and the trend is projected to continue into the future. Previous studies using controlled environment facilities and small field-based removable chambers have shown that post-anthesis HNT stress can induce a significant reduction in wheat grain yield. A prototype was previously developed by utilizing field-based tents allowing for simultaneous phenotyping of popular winter wheat varieties from US Midwest and advanced breeding lines. Hence, the objectives of the study were to (i) design and build a new field-based infrastructure and test and validate the uniformity of HNT stress application on a scaled-up version of the prototype (ii) improve and develop a more sophisticated cyber-physical system to sense and impose post-anthesis HNT stress uniformly through physiological maturity within the scaled-up tents; and (iii) determine the impact of HNT stress during grain filling on the agronomic and grain quality parameters including starch and protein concentration. The system imposed a consistent post-anthesis HNT stress of + 3.8 °C until maturity and maintained uniform distribution of stress which was confirmed by (i) 0.23 °C temperature differential between an array of sensors within the tents and (ii) statistically similar performance of a common check replicated multiple times in each tent. On average, a reduction in grain-filling duration by 3.33 days, kernel weight by 1.25% per °C, grain number by 2.36% per °C and yield by 3.58% per °C increase in night temperature was documented. HNT stress induced a significant reduction in starch concentration indicating disturbed carbon balance. The pilot field-based facility integrated with a robust cyber-physical system provides a timely breakthrough for evaluating HNT stress impact on large diversity panels to enhance HNT stress tolerance across field crops. The flexibility of the cyber-physical system and movement capabilities of the field-based infrastructure allows this methodology to be adaptable to different crops.

DURUM WINTER WHEAT YIELD DEPENDING ON PREPARATIONS ACTIVITY FOR SEEDS AND PLANTS TREATMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
V. А. Fedotov ◽  
N. V. Podlesnykh ◽  
А. L. Lukin ◽  
L. М. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Central Chernozem

In the conditions of the Central Russian Black Earth Region, it is quite possible to cultivate hard winter wheat for the needs of the cereal and macaroni industry. Winter-hardy varieties Zolotko, Donchanka and etc. are suitable. Presowing cultivation with Albit, Siberian fertility, Agat 25K, Micromax, etc. affects significantly on their yield. The combination of presowing seed treatment with foliar application of vegetative plants with the same and other products (Afbif, Reksalin, ABC and etc.) turned out to be particularly effective.  Synergism has been revealed in the combination of seed treatment with Albit, Rexolin ABC and Vitazim with spraying of plants with Albit solution, Abibif, Siberian Fertility, Fertigrain Foliar and other products. Winter durum wheat have not yet allowed to cultivation in Central Chernozem Region although, as our researches have shown many varieties (Zolotko, Donchanka, Amazonka, Kurant, Alyy parus, Aksinit, Terra ant other) can be suitable for cultivation in Voronezh region forest-steppe [1, 3, 4, 8], they are 10…15 centners per hectare more yield than spring durum wheat cultivated here. The deficit of durum wheat cereal in Central Chernozem Region, which is necessary for pasta industry is very large, it can be avoided by introducing and improving the cultivation technology of winter varieties of this crop. Staff members of the crop production, fodder production and agrotechnologies department of Voronezh SAU have identified (since 1996) and substantiated the cultivation possibility of domestic relatively winter resistance winter durum wheat in Central Chernozem Region (Amazonka, Donchanka, Zolotko, Kurant and other).

scholarly journals Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
A. A. Artemjev ◽  
A. M. Guryanov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.

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