scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus FS-3 on growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants and availability of phosphorus in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Turan ◽  
N. Ataoglu ◽  
F. Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

The effects of phosphate solubilizing bacterium (<i>Bacillus</i> FS-3) application on phosphorus contents of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> L.) plant, growing performance and phosphorus forms in soil were evaluated under greenhouse condition. Five different phosphorus fertilizer treatments (normal superphosphate, triple superphosphate, di-ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, and rock phosphate) with and without bacterium (<i>Bacillus</i> FS-3) were applied in pots as 344 kg P/ha. Basal fertilizers were applied to all the pots as 180 kg N/ha (NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> 33% N), 100 kg K/ha (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 50% K<sub>2</sub>O). The results obtained showed that phosphorus availability from soil increased with phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB) application. The amount of plant available form of soil phosphorus fraction (resin-Pi + NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Pi + NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po + NaOH-Pi + NaOH-Po) increased with PSB application. In all fertilizer types, bacteria application converted approximately 20% of less available phosphorus into labile forms. Statistically significant differences were obtained in shoot and root dry weight of tomato plants treated with PSB application. In all of the fertilizers, plant shoot and root weight and P uptake were greater with PSB applications than without PSB. The highest shoot-root dry weight and P uptake of plant were determined in triple superphosphate (TSP) with PSB application treatment. The data in the present study suggest that the application of PSB (FS-3) may increase the availability of soluble phosphate by dissolving the inorganic forms of phosphate and that bacterial strain tested in this study has a potential to be used as a bio-fertilizer in sustainable and organic agriculture.

scholarly journals The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Starter Solution on Growth of Two Tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill)Varieties in Sandy Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Mohsen A. Desher
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment is conducted during the growing season of 2012 - 2013 on a sandy loam soil at Al-Berjsia researches station / Ministry of Agriculture , Basrah province , south of Iraq . The aim of study is to determine the effect of phosphate fertilizer starter solution  on the growth of Two Tomato( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ) varieties ( Hotuf and Speedy ) and P-uptake . Phosphate fertilizer as consternated super Phosphate (CSP)is applied at level 120 Kg P ha-1 . An equivalent of 0 , 0.05 , 0.10 and 0.20 % of Phosphor level are added as starter solution either at transplanting time or three days after transplanting . The remaining of Phosphorus level was applied to soil at two doses . Percentage of dead seedling , plant height , number of leaves plant-1 , number of branchesplant-1 , number of flower clusters plant-1 , shoot and root dry weight , P concentration in leaves and P-uptake by plant are investigated . The results showthat addition of CSP starter solution significantly decreases the percentage of dead seedling of compared with the control treatment. Plants received Phosphor starter solution show a higher growth parameters and P-uptake as compared with control treatment plants . Increasing the level of Phosphor starter solution from 0 to 0.20 % decreases percentage of dead seedling by 90.1 % and increased plant height by 19.23 % , number of leaves by 33 % , number of branches by 23.52 % , number of flower clusters by 69.24 % , shoot dry weight by 183.1 % , root dry weight by 175 % , P concentration by 60.8 % and P-uptake by 309.7% . Comparing between two tomato varieties ,results show thatSpeedy tomato varietyis more tolerant to transplanting and gives a higher growth and P-uptake ,the results show also tomato seedlings received starter solutions at three days after transplanting time appear more resistant to soil shuck of transplanting than those plants received starter solution at transplanting.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Starter Solution on Growth of Two Tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill)Varieties in Sandy Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Mohsen A. Desher
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment is conducted during the growing season of 2012 - 2013 on a sandy loam soil at Al-Berjsia researches station / Ministry of Agriculture , Basrah province , south of Iraq . The aim of study is to determine the effect of phosphate fertilizer starter solution  on the growth of Two Tomato( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ) varieties ( Hotuf and Speedy ) and P-uptake . Phosphate fertilizer as consternated super Phosphate (CSP)is applied at level 120 Kg P ha-1 . An equivalent of 0 , 0.05 , 0.10 and 0.20 % of Phosphor level are added as starter solution either at transplanting time or three days after transplanting . The remaining of Phosphorus level was applied to soil at two doses . Percentage of dead seedling , plant height , number of leaves plant-1 , number of branchesplant-1 , number of flower clusters plant-1 , shoot and root dry weight , P concentration in leaves and P-uptake by plant are investigated . The results showthat addition of CSP starter solution significantly decreases the percentage of dead seedling of compared with the control treatment. Plants received Phosphor starter solution show a higher growth parameters and P-uptake as compared with control treatment plants . Increasing the level of Phosphor starter solution from 0 to 0.20 % decreases percentage of dead seedling by 90.1 % and increased plant height by 19.23 % , number of leaves by 33 % , number of branches by 23.52 % , number of flower clusters by 69.24 % , shoot dry weight by 183.1 % , root dry weight by 175 % , P concentration by 60.8 % and P-uptake by 309.7% . Comparing between two tomato varieties ,results show thatSpeedy tomato varietyis more tolerant to transplanting and gives a higher growth and P-uptake ,the results show also tomato seedlings received starter solutions at three days after transplanting time appear more resistant to soil shuck of transplanting than those plants received starter solution at transplanting.

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

scholarly journals Needle-Clipping Longleaf Pine and Top-Pruning Loblolly Pine in Bareroot Nurseries

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Weight Ratio ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Average Survival

Abstract Studies have shown that clipping needles of longleaf pine before outplanting can increase average seedling survival by 13 percentage points. Under some situations, the increase in survival might be due to a reduction in transpiration. For loblolly pine, top-pruning in the nursery might increase average survival by 6 percentage points. Benefits of pruning appear greater when seedlings experience stress after planting and when nonpruned seedlings have low root weight ratios (root dry weight/total seedling dry weight). On some droughty sites, a seedling with a 0.3 root weight ratio might have an 80% chance of survival, while a seedling with a 0.2 root weight ratio might only have a 53% chance of survival. In most studies where heights were measured after 3 yr in the field, pruned seedlings were the same height as nonpruned seedlings (± 7 cm). South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):235-240.

scholarly journals Increasing Cell Size and Reducing Medium Compression Enhance Lettuce Transplant Quality and Field Production

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Root

`South Bay' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse during winter, spring, and fall to investigate the effect of cell size and medium compression on transplant quality and yield. Four Speedling planter flats (1.9-, 10.9-, 19.3-, 39.7-cm3 cells) and two medium compression levels [noncompressed and compressed (1.5 times in weight)] were tested. The two larger cell sizes and compression of the medium led to increased plant shoot growth. Conversely, root weight ratio [RWR = (final root dry weight ÷ final total dry weight + initial root dry weight ÷ initial total dry weight) ÷ 2] was highest with the smaller cells without medium compression. Lettuce transplants were field-grown on sand and muck soils. The larger cells delayed harvest by >2 weeks for plants grown on muck soil, but yield was unaffected. When grown on sandy soil, earliness was enhanced from plants grown in 19- and 40-cm3 cells, but head weights were not affected in the spring planting. In fall, heads were heavier for plants grown in 11-, 19-, or 40-cm3 cells compared with those from 2-cm3 cells. On sandy soil, harvest was delayed 13 days in spring and 16 days in fall for plants grown in the smallest cell size. Using the two smaller cell sizes saved medium and space in the greenhouse and increased the root growth ratio, but it led to reduced plant growth compared to using the bigger cells. Yield and earliness were more related to season and soil type than to transplant quality. On sandy soil, plants grown in 2- and 11-cm3 cells matured later, and yield was significantly decreased (8.6%) in fall by using plants from the 2-cm3 cells compared to the other sizes. From our results, compressing the medium in the cells was not justified because it is more costly and did not benefit yield in the field.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Catawba Rhododendron. I. Temperature Optima, Leaf Area, and Dry Weight Distribution

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bradley Rowe ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Plant

Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.) seedlings of two provenances, Johnston County, N.C. (35°45′N, 78°12′W, elevation = 67 m), and Yancey County, N.C. (35°45′N, 82°16′W, elevation = 1954 m), were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 18 weeks with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Shoot and root dry weights and total leaf areas of seedlings of the Yancey County provenance (high elevation) exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) those of the Johnston County (low elevation) provenance at all temperature combinations. Leaf area was maximal at 22/22C, 18/26C, and 22/26C and minimal at 30/14C (day/night). Shoot dry weight responded similarly. Root dry weight decreased linearly with increasing day temperature, but showed a quadratic response to night temperature. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased, while root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing day temperature. Leaf weight ratio was consistently higher than either stem or root weight ratios. Day/night cycles of 22 to 26/22C appear optimal for seedling growth.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Gambut melalui Teknik Ameliorasi dan Inokulasi Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/76 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ida Nur Istina ◽  
Benny Joy ◽  
Aisyah D Suyono
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Keterbatasan lahan potensial menyebabkan perluasan areal pertanian mengarah pada lahan gambut. Kendala pengembangan lahan gambut adalah rendahnya kandungan hara tersedia bagi tanaman. Fosfat (P) merupakan salah satu unsur hara makro yang penting untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, disisi lain ketersediaan hara ini pada lahan gambut terbatas karena ikatan asam organik dan sifat yang mudah tercuci. Penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh ameliorasi dan inokulasi mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap ketersediaan hara P di lahan gambut dilakukan di kebun pembibitan kelapa sawit petani di Riau dari Oktober 2013 - Maret 2014, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dengan 30 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi : tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, jumlah daun, lebar daun, panjang daun, kandungan hara tanaman, dan bobot biomasa bibit setelah 5 bulan di pembibitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ameliorasi menggunakan kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit mampu meningkatkan P tersedia, serapan P oleh batang dan akar, berat brangkasan dan berat kering batang. Sedangkan mikroba pelarut fosfat berpengaruh secara tidak nyata.The limitation of potential land leads agricultural development expansion to the peat soil area. Constrain of the peatland development is the low nutrient content that is required by plant. Phosphate is one of major growth and production limiting nutrient because of the solublelize of the organic acids and immobility The research was conducted from October 2013 – March 2014 at the farmer main nursery in Riau province to test the effect of amelioration and phosphate solubilizing microbe inoculation on P availability on palm oil seedling growth and production at peatland, used Randomized Block Design with 30 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameters, nutrient contents, also fresh and dry weight after 5 months at the main nursery. The result showed that palm oil empty fruit bunch compost as ameliorant increased P nutrient avaibility, P uptake, fresh and dry weight, whereas phosphate solubilizing microbe was unsignificant.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN MASSON ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent dry matter and root-to-shoot ratio. High nitrogen doses increased tomato and lettuce shoot dry weight and leaf area chiefly under supplemental light.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa, pretransplanting nutritional conditioning, seedling

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VII. Relationships between yield and P uptake in two accessions of white clover

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
DC Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
P Application

Lack of data on root growth and relationships between root parameters and P uptake are major limitations to understanding and modelling P efficiency in crop and forage plants. An experiment was conducted whereby two accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens, Chiswick and Ladino) were grown in pots in a P deficient soil fertilized with a low (P5 [kg ha-1]) or high (P40) P application rate. Plants were harvested at 10, 16, 22, 28, 34 and 40 days after transplanting and tops harvested and roots recovered from the pots. Detailed measures of root members were made at 10, 16 and 22 days and these correlated with P uptake. Dry weight of tops of accessions was the same between the two rates of P until day 28. At 40 days, the tops yield of Ladino was higher than Chiswick at P40. Root dry weight increased with increasing P application rate and time from day 16 onwards. Significant differences in root growth only occurred at the 16 and 34 day harvests at P5. Ladino tended to have a greater mean P uptake over time than did Chiswick at both P levels. P uptake was found to be positively correlated with shoot and root dry weight, root length, root number, root volume and surface area, and negatively correlated with mean root diameter and mean length per root. Root extension rate at low P in Ladino was greater than that in Chiswick, which may explain the greater P uptake by Ladino at low P at later harvests in this experiment. The changes in length, diameter and number of roots in the two accessions examined in this study, with time, in response to P, reflect some form of coordination. Chiswick tended to produce many short roots whilst Ladino fewer long roots. Only small differences in P uptake per unit root length were measured, which suggest that total root length or root extension rate is the primary determinant of total P uptake in these accessions of white clover.

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