scholarly journals Rapid detection of microbial contamination in UHT milk: practical application in dairy industry 

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Martina Kračmarová ◽  
Hana Stiborová ◽  
Šárka Horáčková ◽  
Kateřina Demnerová
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Dairy Plant

Microbial quality of ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk is usually ascertained by a total bacterial count (TBC) cultivation. But this is time consuming, so there is a tendency to search for faster and simpler methods. We compared three instruments, focusing on shortening the detection time and their suitability for practical use in dairy plants. Two of them, RapiScreen Dairy 1000 and Promilite III, detect microbial contamination by measuring adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence; the third, GreenLight, is based on oxygen consumption analysis. In the laboratory experiments, samples of UHT milk, were spiked with low concentration of microorganisms and then the level of microbial contamination was evaluated using the above-mentioned instruments together with cultivation method as a control. The instruments were also applied in a dairy plant to test 182 real samples. All investigated methods determined microbial quality faster than the TBC, but in some cases false positive and false negative results were obtained. Therefore, precise testing including optimizing pre-incubation time for bacteria enrichment is needed prior to industrial use. 

Effect of commercial probiotic (Protexin®) on growth, survival and microbial quality of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Javadi ◽  
Seyed Amin Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary probiotic on the growth performance and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Furthermore, the microbial quality of shrimp was evaluated. Design/methodology/approach Shrimp were divided into treatment and control groups (each group containing 45 shrimp). They were fed for four weeks with a control diet alone or supplemented with a commercial probiotic (Protexin®). At the end of the trial, they were assessed for survival rate, weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate. Samples of tail meat were also provided aseptically from peeled shrimp for bacteriological analysis including the count of Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, fecal coliform, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and total bacterial count. Findings The growth performance of the probiotic-treated group significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the end of the experimental period. However, no significant differences were observed for the survival rate between the groups (p > 0.05). The count of C. perfringens and the total bacterial count in shrimp supplemented with the probiotic were significantly lower than those of controls (p < 0.05). The count of coliforms and S. aureus was not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Originality/value It could be concluded that the probiotic bacteria have the potential to stimulate the growth performance of L. vannamei. They can also be used for biological control of food-borne pathogens and improve the microbial quality and safety of shrimp at the farm level.

scholarly journals False Covid-19 Test Results – Could We Do Things Better? A Personal Opinion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Lisbeth Ekelund
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
Potential Problems

This paper describes the problems with false covid-19 test results, both false positive and false negative results. The problems are related to the quality of tests, test sampling and the currently limited follow-up procedures. A test and follow-up strategy that could decrease the potential problems is suggested.

Effects of different steeping methods on the microbial quality of ‘ogi’ produced from Sorghum bicolor (Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Abiola Stephen Okunade ◽  
Tinuola Tokunbo Adebolu ◽  
Michael Tosin Bayode
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

In this study, the effects of different steeping methods on the microbial quality of ‘ogi’ produced from Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) grains were carried out. The sorghum grains were divided into four parts; the first part (Sample A) was steeped with cold water at 30+ 2oC for 72 h and washed with water before milling, the second part (Sample B) was steeped with cold water at 30+2oC for 72 h but was not washed before milling, the third part (Sample C) was steeped with hot water at 30+2oC for 24 h and washed before milling, while the fourth part (Sample D) was steeped with hot water at 30+2oC for 24 h and was not washed before milling. The processed raw ‘ogi’ samples were subjected to standard microbiological techniques to enumerate the microorganisms present. The highest bacterial count of 3.5 x 103cfu/ml was observed in sample B, the highest fungal count of 2.5 x 104 sfu/ml was observed in sample B, while sample C yields the lowest bacterial count of 8.0 x 102 cfu/ml and fungal count of 4.0 x102 sfu/ml. Good hygienic conditions during the processing of the ‘ogi’ must also be employed to reduce the chances of microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of functioning of artificial neural network with logic outputs in the diagnosis of diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Lazarenko ◽  
A E Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Aim. To develop a set of information methods to improve the quality of neural network diagnosis of diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone. Methods. The study involved 385 patients with peptic ulcer, cholecystitis and pancreatitis undergoing in-patient treatment in medical organizations of the city of Kursk. For data mining internally developed software «System of Intellectual Analysis and Diagnosis of Diseases» was used which is an environment for the creation, adjustment, training and practical clinical application of an artificial neural network, such as a multilayer perceptron with an activation function - hyperbolic tangent. Results. Hyperbolic tangent (activation function) of the output layer’s neuron takes the value OUT ∈ ℝ ∧ OUT ∈ (-1; 1) which requires an interpretation. For logic network gates, for example, presence/absence of a disease, it can be performed by comparison with an arbitrarily assigned threshold yB ∈ (0; 1). In this approach, the values are interpreted as false (if y ≤-yB), undefined if y ∈ (-yB; yB), or true (if y ≥yB). Network operation control includes calculation of sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative results, for which the comparison of arrays of pairs of calculated and empirical values is carried out. In case of artificial neural network use for diagnosing diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone, the optimal mode was achieved assigning yB≈0.3 as a threshold of the output neuron activation function. Conclusion. Assessing the quality of the ability of artificial neural network with logic outputs to diagnose hepatopancreatoduodenal zone diseases, as well as its controlled setting, is most effective by evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, frequency of false positive and false negative results at the threshold value yB≈0.3; the demonstrated sensitivity (83-94.7%) and specificity (83-97.8%) levels are comparable to the traditionally used diagnostic methods.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Quality of seasoning Salad in Jeddah city

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Ismail Shabbaje Ibraheem Ismail Shabbaje
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Groups

This research was conducted to follow up the microbial contamination samples of some seasoning salad samples collected twice monthly for three months from twelve locations representing six districts in Jeddah. It was found that the counts of microbial groups (total viable bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform, Salmonella and Staphylococcus) in the sample taken at rush hours were higher than those collected at calm time of selling. Also the highest means of all studied microbial groups were found in the samples taken from traditional locations at calm time of selling. The highest mean of total viable bacterial count (169600 cfu/gm) was found in the samples of Mashrafa District in the first sampling month. Whereas, the highest means of total coliform group (80866 cfu/gm) and fecal coliform group (28633 cfu/gm) were found in the samples taken from traditional locations in Guesa at the first sampling month and in Al-Rwaubi district at the second sampling month, respectively. On the other hand, Samples' means of from traditional locations taken from Al-Rehab district at the third month of sampling (35500 cfu/gm) and from the same district at the second sampling month (25000 cfu/gm) represented Salmonella and staphylococcus groups, respectively. It is recommended to take care about purchasing of ready to eat food and the direct eating or cold preservation until using to avoid food infection or poisoning.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Microbial Contamination of Various Food Items in Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Afsheen Aqeel ◽  
Tanveer Abbas ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Mirani ◽  
Tooba Naveed ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Autumn Season

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of seasonal variation on the microbiological quality of various food items collected from Karachi, Pakistan. A total of two thousand food samples were collected during summer, winter, spring, and autumn season and analyzed for total bacterial count (TBC), total Califarm count (TCC), Fecal califarm count (FCC), mould and yeast count (MYC) and Salmanella spp. The highest percentage of unfit samples was recorded during summer i.e. 25.95%, while the lowest value 11.24% and samples were found unfit in terms of total bacterial count during winter. Furthermore, 24.25% of samples were unsatisfactory during the autumn season followed by spring i.e. 14.54%. Moreover, findings further demonstrated that MYC was observed higher in all seasons as compared to TBC. None of the samples was found positive for Salmanella spp.    

scholarly journals The T2-FLAIR Mismatch Sign as an Imaging Indicator of IDH-Mutant, 1p/19q Non-Codeleted Lower Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Accuracy Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Antonis Adamou ◽  
Eleftherios T. Beltsios ◽  
Panagiotis Papanagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
The Brain

The study’s objective was the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign in terms of diagnosing IDH-mutant non-codeleted (IDHmut-Noncodel) lower grade gliomas (LGG) of the brain. We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases. The last database search was performed on 12 April 2021. Studies that met the following were included: MRI scan assessing the presence of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, and available IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status. The quality of studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Twelve studies involving 14 cohorts were included in the quantitative analysis. The diagnostic odds ratio [DOR (95% confidence interval; CI)] was estimated at 34.42 (20.95, 56.56), Pz < 0.01. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were estimated at 40% (31–50%; Pz = 0.05) and 97% (93–99%; Pz < 0.01), respectively. The likelihood ratio (LR; 95% CI) for a positive test was 11.39 (6.10, 21.29; Pz < 0.01) and the LR (95% CI) for a negative test was 0.40 (0.24, 0.65; Pz < 0.01).The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a highly specific biomarker for the diagnosis of IDHmut-Noncodel LGGs. However, the test was found positive in some other tumors and had a high number of false negative results. The diagnostic accuracy of the mismatch sign might be improved when combined with further imaging parameters.

scholarly journals Milk Production, Marketing and Quality in Meta District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Mitiku Eshetu Guya ◽  
Mulu Mamo Adugna ◽  
Yesihak Yusuf Mumed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Handling Practices

The study was conducted in Meta District of Eastern Hararge Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia with the objective to assess milk production and marketing, and to determine chemical composition and microbial quality of raw cow milk. Three Rural Kebeles (RK) namely, Biftu Ganama, Oda Chafe and Waligalte Bali&rsquo;na were purposively selected based on dairy production potential and accessibility. A total of 132 respondents were randomly selected from farmers (122), consumers (6) and milk collection centers (4). Interview was made using semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on milk production, constraints, marketing, milk handling practices and utensils used as milk container. The result of the study indicated that, average daily milk production, milk for marketing and consumption were 1.96&plusmn;0.517 litters/day/cow, 68.9% and 31.1%, respectively. Majority of the respondents ranked feed shortage as the first constraint. Hand milking after calf suckling was practiced by all the farmers. Most of the respondents (56.6%) used a gourd container locally called &ldquo;qabe&rdquo; for milking, and plastic jerry can (81.96%) for milk delivery to milk collection centers. Significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) figures were recorded for fat, protein, total solids, solids-not-fat and lactose contents at producers level than the consumers and collection centers. Total bacterial count (TBC), coliform count (CC) and yeast and mould count (YMC) of milk samples from milk collection centers were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than milk samples from consumers and producers and did not meet quality standards set by Quality Standard Authority of Ethiopia. Therefore, we can concluded that the chemical composition of milk was satisfactory compared to the standard level, whereas the microbial quality of the milk was poor that suggests the need for better sanitary practices of milking environment and milk utensils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document