scholarly journals Analysis of the model application of mechanical equipment for hydrothermal treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Junga ◽  
T. Vítěz ◽  
P. Mach ◽  
P. Trávníček
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Model Application ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Processed Material

Two model applications of mechanical equipment for hydrothermal treatment were analysed. Alternative 1 consisted of a treatment output of 2,000 Mg of processed material, the annual compost production of 1,000 Mg, total capital expenditure of 15,838,000 CZK, unit capital expenditure of 7,919 CZK per 1 Mg of processed material and annual operating expenses of 1,300,000 CZK. The net present value (NPV) is 1,482,800 CZK, the internal rate or return (IRR) totals 7.6% and the discounted payback time (T<sub>sd</sub>) is 16.9 years. Alternative 2 employing the mechanical equipment proved a potential increase in the treatment output to 2,600 Mg, and an increase in the compost production to 1,300 Mg thanks to the shortened intensification of composting. At the same time, the total capital expenditure rose to 18,997,000 CZK, the operating expenses rose to 2,080,000 CZK. The unit capital expenditure of alternative 2 amounts to 7,306 CZK per 1 Mg of the treatment output. The NPV totals 6,984,200 CZK, IRR is at 10.7% and T<sub>sd</sub> totals 11.8 years. &nbsp;

Analysis of the Model Application of Mechanical Equipment for Hydrothermal Treatment at Biogas Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 551-559
Author(s):  
Petr Junga ◽  
Petr Trávníček ◽  
Juraj Ružbarský
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Processed Material

The goal of the paper was to analyse model applications of mechanical equipment for hydrothermal treatment. Alternative 1 was an alternative with a treatment output of 14 500 Mg of processed material, the annual electricity and heat total production of 4000 MWh respectively 3800 MWh, total capital expenditure of 40 000 000 CZK, unit capital expenditure of 2759 CZK per 1 Mg of processed biodegradable material and annual operating expenses of 19 371 000 CZK. The net present value (NPV) is 1 061 000 CZK, the internal rate or return (IRR) totals 4.9%, the simple payback time (Ts) is 12.6 years and the discounted payback time (Tsd) is 19.2 years. Alternative 2 employing the mechanical equipment proved a potential increase in the treatment output to 18 125 Mg, and an increase in the electricity and heat total production to 5000 MWh respectively 4800 MWh, thanks to the shortened intensification of the anaerobic fermentation process. At the same time, the total capital expenditure rose to 43 000 000 CZK, the operating expenses rose to CZK 24 213 000. The unit capital expenditure of alternative 2 amounts to 2372 CZK per 1 Mg of the of processed biodegradable material. The NPV totals 8 329 000 CZK, IRR is at 6.7%, the simple payback time (Ts) is 10.8 years and Tsd totals 15.3 years.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis on PMMA Recycling Economics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2724
Author(s):  
Jacopo De De Tommaso ◽  
Jean-Luc Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
The Future ◽  
Plant Processing ◽  
Risk Scenario

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a versatile polymer with a forecast market of 4 Mtons/y by 2025, and 6 USD billion by 2027. Each year, 10% of the produced cast sheets, extrusion sheets, or granules PMMA end up as post-production waste, accounting for approximately 30 000 tons/y in Europe only. To guide the future recycling efforts, we investigated the risks of depolymerization process economics for different PMMA scraps feedstock, capital expenditure (CAPEX), and regenerated MMA (r-MMA) prices via a Monte-Carlo simulation. An analysis of plastic recycling plants operating with similar technologies confirmed how a maximum 10 M USD plant (median cost) is what a company should aim for, based on our hypothesis. The capital investment and the r-MMA quality have the main impacts on the profitability. Depending on the pursued outcome, we identified three most suitable scenarios. Lower capital-intensive plants (Scenarios 4 and 8) provide the fastest payback time, but this generates a lower quality monomer, and therefore lower appeal on the long term. On 10 or 20 years of operation, companies should target the very best r-MMA quality, to achieve the highest net present value (Scenario 6). Product quality comes from the feedstock choice, depolymerization, and purification technologies. Counterintuitively, a plant processing low quality scraps available for free (Scenario 7), and therefore producing low purity r-MMA, has the highest probability of negative net present value after 10 years of operation, making it a high-risk scenario. Western countries (especially Europe), call for more and more pure r-MMA, hopefully comparable to the virgin material. With legislations on recycled products becoming more stringent, low quality product might not find a market in the future. To convince shareholders and government bodies, companies should demonstrate how funds and subsidies directly translate into higher quality products (more attractive to costumers), more economically viable, and with a wider market.

scholarly journals Economic Calculations of an Investment of a Slicing and Packaging Production Line

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Brigitta Zsótér ◽  
Bálint Kura
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Meat Packing

We test a Csongrád county meat-packing factory’s new slicing-packing production line’s investment. We value the different tenders from five main viewpoints, these are the following: the NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), DPB (Dynamic Payback), PI (Profitability Index), PB (Payback Time). During the calculation, we have experienced that both tenders would be viable financially. We recommended the offer of the GEA Group AG.

Sensitivity Analysis on Some Profitability Indices for Photovoltaic Grid–Connected Systems on Buildings: The Case of Two Top Photovoltaic European Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Talavera ◽  
G. Nofuentes ◽  
J. de la Casa ◽  
J. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Investment Subsidy ◽  
Require Information

Frequently changing regulation codes, photovoltaic (PV) technology progress and variations in economic parameters that determine a specific economic scenario make a prospective owner of photovoltaic grid-connected systems (PVGCS) on buildings require information concerning the profitability of their investment on these systems. Hence, an analysis of the main economic factors of PVGCS on buildings addressed to ascertain their influence on the latter profitability is demanded and welcome. Consequently, a sensitivity analysis of some profitability indices such as the net internal rate of return, the net present value, and the discounted payback time has been carried out. This sensitivity analysis is aimed at demonstrating the influence on these indices of possible changes in the factors that are involved in their estimation. Two scenarios have been considered that closely resemble two top PV geographical areas: Germany and Spain. The results obtained here provide clear evidence that factors such as initial investment subsidy, dividends of own capital, taxes, annual loan interest exert a relatively small and similar influence on the net internal rate of return, the net present value, and the discounted payback time. However, other factors such as the initial investment, the annual PV electricity yield, and the PV electricity unitary price have a bigger influence on these profitability indices.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN KECAP ANEKA GUNA DI KOTA LANGSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Januari Frizki Bella
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Adapun tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha industri pengolahan kecap Aneka Guna apabila dilihat dari segi kelayakan finansial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Kota Langsa dengan pertimbangan bahwa lokasi tersebut merupakan daerah yang terdapat industri pengolahan kecap asin dan mudah di jangkau oleh penulis. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni - Oktober 2014. Tenaga kerja yang digunakan berjumlah 27 orang, 20 tenaga kerja pria dan 7 orang tenaga kerja wanita. Jumlah penggunaan tenaga kerja selama 5 tahun sebesar 3759 HKP. Total biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh pengusaha dalam usaha pembuatan kecap didaerah penelitian selama 5 tahun adalah Rp. 2.076.988.000,-. Pendapatan kotor yang diperoleh pengusaha sebesar Rp. 8.199.690.000,- dan pendapan bersih yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 6.122.702.000,-                 Kota Langsa hanya memiliki 1 pengusaha pengolahan kecap asin dan dijadikan sebagai pengusaha sampel yaitu usaha industri pengolahan kecap asin Aneka Guna. Hasil perhitungan di peroleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp. 263.281.290 (lebih besar dari nol), sedangkan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 84% lebih besar dari tingkat bunga yang berlaku (D.F. = 18%), sedangkan Net B/C Ratio sebesar 3,27 (lebih dari pada 1) dan Pay Back Priod (PBP) 1 Tahun 6 Bulan (lebih kecil dari umur ekonomis).  

EVALUASI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN ASET DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Novdin M Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pematangsiantar masih bertumpu pada pendekatan akhir (kumpul-angkut-buang), dengan tingkat pelayanan yang rendah, sehingga untuk meningkatkan pelayanan sampah, perlu dilakukan pemilahan di tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan melakukan pemilihan di TPS dapat meningkatkan pelayanan aset persampahan sampai tahun  2015 secara teknis operasional dan dari aspek keuangan. Analisa teknis operasional aset pengelolaan sampah mulai dari pewadahan, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sedangkan analisa keuangan dan analisa kelayakan menggunakan Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio, dan Payback Period. Dari hasil analisa tersebut diperoleh suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan pemilihan di TPS berdasarkan zona pelayanan dengan skala prioritas secara bertahap daritahun 2013-2017, dapat meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan sampah eksisting rata-rata 6,69 %, cakupan pelayanan TPS eksisting rata-rata 8,29 %, dan cakupan pelayanan truk pengangkut sampah eksisting rata-rata 12,03 %. Investasinya layak, diperoleh Net Cashflow pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 1.720.242.284,-, NPV suku bunga 15 % bernilai positif, IRR > MARR 15 %,  B/C Ratio > 1, dan PP 4,7 tahun, lebih pendek dari periode investasi 10 tahun. Dari Metode penelitian ini maka pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan sampah dengan sampel 4 TPS perumahan yang terlayani pengangkutan.

TINJAUAN STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (NAGARI) KAMANG HILIA SEJAHTERA KENAGARIAN KAMANG HILIA, KECAMATAN KAMANG MAGEK, KABUPATEN AGAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Ternak Ayam Kampung Super (Studi Kasus pada Peternakan Suparlan di Desa Jojog Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikri Fathurahman Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

This study aims to analyze financially (net present value, revenue cost ratio, internal rate of return, break event point, return on investment and payback period) feasibility of kampung super chicken farming Mr. Suparlan in Jojog village, district Pekalongan, East Lampung regency. The data used in the form of quantitative and qualitative data sourced from the primary data and secondary data which is then analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis, it is known that kampung super farm is financially feasible to cultivate. This is indicated by the positive value of net present value (NPV) of Rp 186,568,517, revenue ratio (RCR) 1.59, internal rate of return (IRR) of 135.82%, return on investment (ROI) of 43%, and the value of payback period (PP) of 0.50. Keywords: financial feasibility, kampung chicken, chicken farm

scholarly journals Business plan for a Zen garden

Agricultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maja Žibrat ◽  
Karmen Pažek ◽  
Vesna Weingerl
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Theme Park ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Financial Aspect

AbstractThe placement of a theme park in the form of a Zen garden, as a business opportunity in the Slovenian rural area, is discussed. The design of the garden, with all the major points of a standard business plan, is accurately presented, with a description of the business, branch, and services, market analysis, marketing strategy, financial projections, and a plan of the work and activities. The financial aspect is presented as the amount of investment, net present value, and internal rate of return. The amount of investment is estimated at € 14.891, which should be reimbursed within 4 years of operations. The estimated internal rate of return is estimated at 16.86%. Part of the study is the market analysis - conduction of a survey into knowledge of, and interest in, Zen and Zen gardens. The principles of landscape ecology are respected, as the Zen garden would be set in the woods and will blend seamlessly into the landscape.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Industri Rumput Laut Bagi Industri Kecil Menengah Di Kecamatan Moro Kabupaten Karimun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Fatahurrazak Fatahurrazak
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihak kelayakan bisnis pada Pembangunan Kompleks Industri Maritim (Sentra Industri) Pengolahan Rumput Laut di Kecamatan Moro, Kabupaten Karimun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau dimaksudkan untuk memacu pertumbuhan industri daerah dengan keterlibatan para pihak berkepentingan termasuk pengusaha industri kecil dan menengah sehingga memberikan manfaat bagi berbagai pihak. Penyusunan pola pengembangan sentra menggunakan konsepsi sebagaimana diatur dalam perundang-undangan diharapkan menghadirkan sentra dengan prinsip lingkungan bersih, industri hijau dengan memperhatikan sanitasi dan higienitas, keseimbangan dengan ruang terbuka dan efektivitas pemanfaatan ruang dan biaya. Metodologi dalam menghasilkan keluaran tersebut di atas dilakukan dengan mempelajari data primer dan data skunder yang didapat langsung dari lokasi dan pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Karimun. dokumen sekunder berupa RPJPD – RPJMD – RTRW Kabupaten Karimun, rencana strategi terkait pengembangan industri, infrastruktur, peran institusi maupun stakeholder terkait dalam pengembangan Sentra Industri pengolahan rumput laut, dan kebijakan ekonomi daerah yang relevan. Pengumpulan data dan informasi pula dilakukan dengan observasi langsung pada lokasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Net Present Value dengan discount factor 15%, Net B/C, Internal Rate of Return, dan Payback Period. Dan hasilnya adalah NPV > 0, layak dilaksanakan, Net B/C > 1, layak dilaksanakan, IRR > discount factor 15%, layak dilaksanakan, dan Payback Period 4,18 tahun.

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