scholarly journals Shift-share analysis of employment growth – the case of V4 countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bielik ◽  
M. Rajčániová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Visegrad Group

The performance of labour market together with its consequences (changes in employment, wages and labour productivity) is regarded as one of the major economic problems of our times. Well functioning labour market is an important precondition for economic growth and competitiveness of the country (Musil 2007; Blanchard 2006). The aim of this paper is to examine the changes in employment with the help of the shift-share analysis. Shift-share analysis enables the decomposition of employment growth into sectoral-mix effect, competitive effect and residual effect. First part of the paper will present the literature background on the development of labour markets of the V4 countries. Later on, we try to identify the driving forces of employment growth in the Visegrad group countries during the period 1994–2006. In addition, the last part of the paper will summarise the results obtained in our analysis.

scholarly journals Recent Labour Market Trends in the Visegrad Group Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Visegrad Group

This study analyses labour market trends that appeared in Poland and other Visegrad Group countries during the global economic crisis, i.e. between 2007 and 2009. Special attention is paid to the changes in employment and unemployment rates that occurred in that period. For the sake of comparison, the labour market indicators are contrasted with average rates for the European Union and the euro area. The presented analysis aims to identify the degree to which unemployment rates and indicators of employment changed in the selected countries in response to the global crisis and to explain why the labour markets in the sample countries reacted differently. It also addresses the changing production volumes and labour market flexibility, particularly towards wages, employment and working time. The above analyses show that the labour markets of the Visegrad Group countries changed significantly during the global economic crisis, i.e. between 2007 and 2009; unemployment rates rose, while volumes and rates of employment decreased. In Poland, the two indicators changed their values relatively insignificantly, but in Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic the changes were quite distinct. In the crisis years, Polish employment fell and unemployment increased to a relatively small degree. Although the main reason for this was the quite favourable growth trend in the Polish GDP, cuts in real wage and working time reductions also played a role. The relatively marked decline in the Hungarian employment is maliny attributed to the strong downward trend in the country’s GDP, but the decline would have probably been much more extensive, if not for the reductions in working time, real wages and labour productivity. The large declines in the Slovak and Czech employment appeared because the countries' GDPs grew smaller while real wages grew bigger. Shorter working hours and limitations on labour productivity that the two countries introduced could not reverse the unfavourable employment trends that occurred during economic downturn.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF FDI, TECHNOLOGICAL GAP AND SECTORAL LEVEL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Kamil Makieła ◽  
Liwiusz Wojciechowski ◽  
Krzysztof Wach
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Sectoral Output ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Sample Heterogeneity

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and productivity in sectors of the Visegrad Group one decade after their accession to the EU. In order to account for sample heterogeneity, as well as productivity differences, we construct a generalized true random-effects model with varying efficiency distribution. We find that FDI has a positive impact on the Visegrad Group’s sectors and that its effectiveness depends upon the technological gap between the host and home economy. There are three sources of this positive impact: (i) sectoral output and labour productivity growth, (ii) more effective use of input factors, and via (iii) higher efficiency component of the total factor productivity (TFP). These sources form a three-way transmission mechanism through which FDI can impact economic growth conditioned upon FDI effectiveness due to the technological gap.

scholarly journals Utjecaj plaća na tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Stela Prvonožec
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Labour market, value of wages and standard of living are inextricably linked determinants of economic development. Croatian GDP, living standards and purchasing power of the population are among the lowest in Europe. Wage growth in Croatia is present, but, as in most Central and Eastern European countries, it is not accompanied by an increase in labour productivity. The majority of the income of the Croatian population is spent on food, which is associated with low productivity of the economy. There is a significant dependence on social transfers in the structure of the household income, which, for a significant share of the population, represent the difference between poverty and relatively normal life. Croatia has failed to create economic models that enable economic growth through technological progress and strengthening of labour productivity. In order to improve the standard of living in the Republic of Croatia, it is necessary to solve the structural problems present in the labour market and create economic policies that encourage economic growth. This paper analyses the relationship between the value of wages, labour market and standard of living in the Republic of Croatia. The hypothesis is that structural problems in the Croatian labour market affect the value of wages, and consequently the standard of living of Croatian citizens. The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural problems on the labour market in Croatia and their impact on the value of wages. The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of an efficient labour market in the national economy of the Republic of Croatia.

Productivity: A View from the Labour Market

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ashok K Aggarwal ◽  
D. Durga Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
The Relationship

Labour productivity studies have largely focused on the product markets. The issues relating to organization and operations of the factor markets have largely been ignored. This study by Ashok Aggarwal and Durga Prasad attempts to explore productivity of labour from the viewpoint of labour markets. Using two different measures of labour productivity, it has been argued that both measures should give similar results if labour markets were perfect. The closer the relationship, the lower the imperfections.

Labour Market Regulations and Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Badunenko
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Capital Deepening ◽  
Labour Market Regulation

This chapter builds a model in which labour market regulations influence labour productivity growth through labour markets. The model decomposes labour productivity growth into components attributable to (i) changes in efficiency; (ii) technological change; (iii) physical capital deepening; (iv) human capital accumulation; (v) labour market regulations changes. The empirical analysis Penn World Tables and Economic Freedom of the World data is performed for 1970–95 and 1995–2014. Findings can be summarized as follows. First, physical capital deepening is the major driving force behind productivity growth over the period. Labour market regulation changes having contributed next to nothing during 1970–95, become the second most important force of economic growth after 1995. Second, relatively rich nations benefit more from changes to labour market regulations than do relatively poor nations. Finally, contributions from labour market regulations changes to growth is stronger for countries with less liberalized labour markets.

scholarly journals Influence of Accession of the Visegrad Group Countries to the EU on the Situation in Their Labour Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6694
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz ◽  
Krzysztof Dmytrów
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scaling Technique ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

In 2004, ten new countries, including the Visegrad Group (V4) ones, accessed the European Union. These countries are ex-communist. They are still in the process of transition from a centrally planned to a free-market economy. It is interesting to check how their economies have changed after their accession to the EU. Reducing inequalities in labour markets is one of the aspects of sustainable development. The goal of this research is an assessment of the situation in the labour markets in the V4 countries with respect to the whole EU. The research was carried out on the data from Eurostat (2002–2019) and was conducted by means of the multidimensional scaling technique. Before joining the EU, the situation in the labour market in the V4 countries (excluding Czechia) was much worse than in most EU-member states. After joining the EU, the situation in these countries gradually improved. In 2019, the situation in the labour market in Czechia was one of the best in the EU and the remaining three V4 countries moved into the EU-average. The joining of the V4 countries to the EU had a positive impact on the situation in their labour markets.

scholarly journals Labour Market Trends and Outlook

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselyn Stroombergen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Market Trends

Given New Zealand's recent robust economic performance, 3.6% per annum on average since 1999, the strong improvement in a wide array of la hour market indicators has not been surprising. What has surprised many economic commentators has been the continued strength of the labour market in the face of the recent slowing economic activity.The ability of the economy to make use of its labour capacity may have improved suggesting a fall in New Zealand's non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU).With labour utilisation now stretched to the limit if we want to maintain economic growth at levels we have become accustomed to, we will need to substantially lift the level of labour productivity growth in the coming years. However making the transition to a more productive economy while maintaining the gains we have achieved in labour utilisation will not be an easy task.

Employment Trends in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-103
Author(s):  
Pradeep Apte ◽  
Medha Deshpande ◽  
Vishal Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First Century ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Employment Trends ◽  
Almost All

This article explores the trends in labour force, employment and unemployment from 2000 to 2012 using NSSO data in major Indian states. Most of the states experienced acceleration in employment growth when economic growth was slow during the first quinquennium of the twenty-first century. These trends have reversed during the second quinquennium. The deceleration in growth of employment was driven mainly by decline in female employment in rural areas in almost all the states, and the withdrawal from labour market could not be fully explained in terms of its correlates. This article highlights the need to improve the data on employment and increase its frequency, and also suggests the measures. JEL: J21

scholarly journals United, Yet Apart? A Note on Persistent Labour Market Differences between Western and Eastern Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Western Germany

AbstractComparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that the characteristics and results of labour markets in eastern and western Germany have become quite similar in some respects but still differ markedly in others even 25 years after unification. Whereas no substantial differences can be detected in firms’ labour demand decisions and in employees’ representation via works councils or trade unions, both parts of the country are somewhat apart concerning labour supply behaviour, labour productivity, wages, and bargaining coverage, and they still exhibit substantially different rates of unemployment. These differences may reflect observable and unobservable characteristics of economic actors as well as differences in behaviour, norms, and individuals’ attitudes.

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